Inventory Of Parent And Peer Attachment Research Articles

The mediating role of cognitive flexibility in home–school co-education and psychological well-being among Chinese vocational college students

ObjectiveThis study examines the mediating role of cognitive flexibility in the relationship between home-school co-education (H-SCE) and depressive symptom among vocational college students in urban and rural areas of China.MethodsUtilizing the Theory of Overlapping Spheres of Influence, this research explores how H-SCE influences depressive symptom, considering cognitive flexibility as a key mediating factor. The study utilized established scales, including the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) for parent-child relationships, the Student-Teacher Relationship Scale (STRS), the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D10).ResultsA total of 1090 valid questionnaires were analyzed, revealing a significant negative correlation between H-SCE and depressive symptom. Cognitive flexibility was found to partially mediate this relationship, suggesting that enhanced cognitive adaptability, fostered through effective H-SCE, can reduce depressive symptom by helping students better cope with stressors.ConclusionThese findings underscore the importance of fostering strong collaboration between families and schools to enhance cognitive resilience and mitigate psychological challenges faced by vocational students, providing a foundation for targeted interventions to promote mental well-being.

Examining the Development of Peer Attachment Based on Parental Attachment, and Collaborative Impacts on Mental Health among Japanese Youth

This study aimed at confirming the factor structure of the Japanese version of Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) for peers. Furthermore, it examined whether or not peer attachment is significantly influenced by father and/or mother attachment, and to see whether father and mother attachment affects mental health directly and/or indirectly via peer attachment for each gender among Japanese youth. The targets of this study were 433 (men: 149, women: 284) Japanese college students who completed every item of the Japanese version of father, mother, and peer IPPAs, as well as Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) to evaluate their mental health. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted to confirm the factor structure of the Japanese version of peer IPPA. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was utilized to see whether or not peer attachment is significantly influenced by father and/or mother attachment, and whether or not peer attachment mediates between parental IPPA and mental health. A bi-factor model, constituted by one general factor and three specific factors forming the original IPPA developed by Armsden & Greenberg (1989), was supported by excluding one item from the specific factor Alienation. SEM revealed that the mental health of both male and female respondents was significantly influenced by peer attachment. Among males, its platform was built by attachment only to the father, whereas among females, it was built by both father and mother attachment.

Effect of Parenting Style, attachment to parents and self-compassion on the occurrence and recovery motivation for non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents.

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a worldwide mental health problem that deserves thorough investigation. This study aims to explore the effect of parenting styles, attachment to parents, and self-compassion on the occurrence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior in adolescents and whether these factors influence their recovery motivation. A total of 132 adolescents who had engaged in NSSI within the last year and 72 adolescents who had never engaged in NSSI were recruited from the Shenzhen Kangning Hospital and from primary and secondary schools and communities. Differences in the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), Egma Minn av. Bardndosnauppforstran (EMBU), and Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) of participants were compared. A binary logistic model was established to measure the odds ratios of these variables on the occurrence of NSSI. In the NSSI adolescent sample, separate binary logistic models were created with NSSI impulse inhibition, NSSI resistance activity, and NSSI recovery motivation as dependent variables and with parenting styles, attachment to parents, and self-compassion as independent variables. Compared with adolescents with no NSSI behavior, those who had engaged in NSSI within the past year had higher scores on the HAMD, as well as higher EMBU-negative father parental behavior (punishment, excessive interference, rejection, and overprotection), EMBU-negative mother parental behavior (excessive interference, rejection, and punishment), and SCS negative self-compassion scores. Moreover, adolescents with NSSI had lower EMBU-father emotional warmth, EMBU-mother emotional warmth, IPPA-attachment to father, IPPA-attachment to mother, and SCS positive self-compassion scores. Current depressive symptoms and maternal punishment are risk factors for NSSI in adolescents, while positive self-compassion was a protective factor. Positive self-compassion can positively predict NSSI impulse inhibition, NSSI resistance activity, and NSSI recovery motivation. However, we unexpectedly found that the father's emotional warmth negatively predicts NSSI resistance activity. This study found that positive self-compassion has a significant impact on the prevention of and recovery from NSSI behavior in adolescents.

The Influence of Self-Confidence and Parent Attachment on Student Independence at Darul Qur'an Wal Irsyad Yogyakarta Islamic Boarding School

The purpose of this study uses a quantitative approach with multiple regression analysis. The research sample was 220 students taken by probability sampling technique, namely random sampling. In this study, the author uses a measure of independence obtained from the theory put forward by Noom, Meeus, and Decovic. The author adapts and modifies the data collection instruments, namely adolescence autonomy questionnaire (AAQ), Personal Evaluation Inventory (PEI), dan Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA). The results of this study show that self-confidence and parent attachment have a significant simultaneous influence on the independence of students at the Darul Qur'an Wal Irsyad Islamic Boarding School Yogyakarta. The overall self-confidence variable has a significant influence, where all significant aspects are academic, appearance, athletics, romantic, social, speaking, general, and mood. Meanwhile, parent attachment is divided into two variables, namely mother attachment and father attachment, each of which consists of three dimensions, namely trust, communication, and alienation. In the parent attachment variable, there are two dimensions that have a significant influence on the independence of students, namely communication and alienation of the mother attachment variable.

Peer Attachment and Self-Control: Implication on Social Anxiety in Young Adults

Peers emerge as emotionally present figures in the lives of young adults, capable of protecting them from the challenges that can cause the development of social anxiety. In the context of anxiety, self-control highlights a relevant potential, which is positively correlated with mental health and academic path. The present study aims to understand the role of peer attachment and self-control in the development of social anxiety in young adults in the university context. The sample comprised 407 young adults aged between 18 and 25 (M = 20.90; SD = 2.32). Self-report instruments were used: the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), the Scale of Anxiety and Avoidance in Performance and Social Interaction Situations (EAESDIS) and the Low Self-Control Scale. This study concludes that alienation from peers plays a positive role in anxiety and avoidance, as does short temper, with risk-taking and egocentricity negatively predicting social anxiety. The results are discussed, considering the importance of peer relationships in young university students’ adaptive processes and mental health.

The Urge of Parents' Role: The Contributions of Parent and Peer Attachment to Adolescent’s Problematic Internet Use (PIU)

Indonesian adolescents spend too many hours using the internet. It leads to negative impacts, including problematic internet use (PIU). Few studies have found that social factors from parents and peers contribute to how they use the internet. Regardless, they still found inconsistencies regarding whether parents or peers, if investigated together, had the highest impact on their maladaptive internet use. This study aimed to examine the contribution of adolescent attachment to parents and peers to adolescents’ maladaptive internet use in terms of PIU. This research is using accidental sampling. The subjects were 237 adolescents (91 male) aged 12-24 years (M=15.03) from the Jabodetabek area. Data was collected using Google Forms. The PIU was measured using IPIUS (Indonesia Problematic Internet Use), and adolescents’ attachment was measured using IPPA (Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment). Multiple regression with the stepwise model is applied to investigate the contribution of attachment to PIU. This paper argues that parent and peer attachment contributes significantly to adolescents’ PIU, and this parent attachment has a higher influence than peer attachment. This implies that optimizing parents’ role in attachment behavior could still impact adolescents’ internet behavior.

Interpersonal relationships and suicidal ideation among Chinese youths: A network analysis

BackgroundSuicidal ideation is a noteworthy health problem that requires further study in the field of interpersonal relationships. The main scope of relationships include family, teachers, peers, and the Internet. However, few studies have considered the effects of interpersonal interactions. Based on the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, this study explores the relation between different interpersonal relationships and suicidal ideation. MethodsA network analysis approach was used to test the relationships. Cross-sectional data (N = 1694; 52.1 % boys; Mage = 11.86 years, SD = 1.59) were collected from primary and secondary students in October–November 2022. Participants completed a survey including demographic part and questionnaires: Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory (PANSI), Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ), Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES II), Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), Student-Teacher Relationship Scale (STRS) and Facebook Intensity Scale (FIS). ResultsAll variables showed a significant correlation in this inferred network. Family, teacher-student, and peer relationships are protective against suicidal ideation. The closeness of the teacher-student relationship showed the highest strength centrality. However, online interpersonal relationship is a risk factor for suicide. Thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness are proximal factors of suicidal ideation that influenced all interpersonal relationships. LimitationsThe network analysis as a data-driven and exploratory method may be limited to provide exact cause and effect relationship. ConclusionsThis study shows that teacher-student connections may be more important than other relationships of young people. Improper peer and online interpersonal relationship could be risky for suicide. Further studies are needed to examine the role of these relationships elaborately.

Peer Attachment and Internalizing Problems in Adolescents

Peer Attachment is a close relationship between a person and their peers. Adolescents who have suitable attachment to their peers will experience fewer internalizing problems. Internalizing problems is a deepening of a person in dealing with the problems within him excessively. This study aimed to determine the relationship between peer attachment and internalizing problems in adolescents in East Java. This research is a nonexperimental quantitative research with a purposive sampling technique, and the number of samples in this study was 680 people. The criteria for this study were adolescents aged 15–18 years and domiciled in East Java. The scales used are the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The results showed a negative relationship between peer attachment and internalizing problems marked by the value of r = –327, P = 0.000, which means that the higher the peer attachment in adolescents, the lower the level of internalizing problems they have.
 Keywords: adolescence, peer attachment, internalizing problems

Exploring the Correlation between Peer Attachment and Emotional Regulation in Indonesian Special Needs Education

This study explores the relationship between peer attachment and emotional regulation in high school students at the Special State School in Salatiga, Indonesia, focusing on those with special needs. Utilizing a quantitative approach with a correlational design, the research involved 33 students selected through purposive sampling. The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) were employed as measurement tools. Descriptive statistical analysis indicated that the majority of students exhibited high levels of peer attachment and moderate levels of emotional regulation. A positive correlation (r = 0.625, p<0.01) was found between peer attachment and emotional regulation, suggesting that higher peer attachment is associated with better emotional regulation skills. The study highlights the crucial role of peer relationships in the emotional and social development of students with special needs. Interviews with students revealed a preference for peer communication over family interaction, especially among those with hearing impairments and intellectual disabilities. However, challenges such as the reluctance to interact with people outside their community were noted, particularly among students with hearing impairments. The findings emphasize the need for educational strategies that foster positive peer interactions to enhance emotional well-being. Despite its focus on a single educational setting, the research offers valuable insights into the impact of peer relationships on emotional regulation, underscoring the importance of nurturing these interactions in special education contexts.

The Needs of Adolescents to Communicate with Their Parents in Online and Offline Formats: The Creation and Validation of a Questionnaire.

Modern society is characterized by the widespread use of social media, which provides users with new communication, leisure, work, and study opportunities. The growth of online communication time leads to the development of new special communicative needs. These circumstances prompted us to develop the "Questionnaire on Adolescents' Needs to Communicate with Their Parents Online and Offline" (QANCP). We set out to study the relationship between adolescents' hierarchy of communicative needs and the characteristics of child-parent relations by developing and testing the psychometric characteristics of the QANCP. One hundred and twenty-eight teenagers (56 boys and 72 girls, age 15-17) took part in the research. The research methods included theoretical analysis, modeling, questionnaires, and statistical analysis. The tools used were: 1) the customized (authorial) "Questionnaire of adolescents' needs to communicate with their parents online and offline" (QANCP); and 2) the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) by Armsden and Greenberg (1987) in the Sadovnikova and Eliseeva adaptation (Eliseeva, 2013). The results of the qualitative research proved the acceptability of the QANCP scales. Expert assessments showed that the test had sufficient face and content validity. Statistically significant differences in the parameters measuring adolescents' communicative needs in groups with different types of relations with their parents were established. Testing of the QANCP questionnaire showed that the QANCP is a valid and reliable instrument to measure adolescents' communication with their parents in online and offline formats. It was established that there is a connection between the characteristics of child-parent relations in adolescence and the hierarchy of communication needs of "adolescent-parent" communication online and offline.

Hubungan Kelekatan Ayah dengan Regulasi Emosi pada Wanita Dewasa Awal yang Bekerja dan Belum Menikah

In facing the developmental tasks of early adulthood, good emotional regulation is required in order to effectively manage emotions while dealing with various demands. Especially among young adult women, as young adult women tend to have more demands in early adulthood compared to young adult men. The demands of these developmental tasks are best faced by having good emotional regulation in order to avoid psychological issues while fulfilling developmental tasks. The objective of this research is to examine the relationship between father attachment and emotional regulation in young adult women The research method employed is quantitative with a correlational design. The research included 213 participants, specifically young adult women aged 18-25 years, who were unmarried and employed, selected through incidental sampling method. The scale used to measure father attachment is the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), and the scale used to measure emotional regulation is the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). The data analysis method employed was Spearman's Rho. The research results indicate a significant positive relationship between father attachment and emotional regulation in young adult women (r= 0,285 and sig.=0,000). The more secure the attachment between fathers and young adult women, the higher the emotional regulation they possess. Thus, the hypothesis in this research is accepted. It is hoped that young adult women can continue to develop emotional regulation effectively to cope with the demands of early adulthood and prevent the emergence of issues during this developmental stage.

From bonds to beliefs: Investigating parent, peer attachment, and growth mindset in private vocational high schools

This research focuses on investigating the influence of parent and peer attachment on the growth mindset of students enrolled in Private Vocational High Schools in Purwokerto, Indonesia. Stratified proportional random sampling was employed to select participants for this study. Consent was obtained from 235 students who participated. The gender distribution was skewed toward females (57.9%) compared to males (42.1%), with the majority of participants being 16 years old (46.7%). The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) was used to measure parent and peer attachment, while the Growth Mindset Scale was employed to assess participants' growth-oriented attitudes. A linear regression analysis was utilized to examine the predictive relationship between mother, father, and peer attachment and growth mindset scores. The results demonstrated significant gender-based variations across the variables studied. Notably, females exhibited significantly higher Mother Attachment scores, indicating a stronger attachment to their mothers. Nonetheless, no considerable gender disparities emerged in Father Attachment scores. Although the distinction in Peer Attachment scores was close to significance (p = 0.053), females displayed slightly higher attachment to peers. A marked gender discrepancy was identified in Growth Mindset scores, with females displaying a notably more positive perspective toward growth and learning opportunities. Furthermore, predictive modeling revealed that Mother Attachment exerted a significant positive impact on Growth Mindset scores (β = 0.3), implying that a stronger attachment to mothers corresponded to a more favorable growth-oriented mindset. Similarly, Father Attachment positively contributed to Growth Mindset scores (β = 0.25). Additionally, Peer Attachment demonstrated a modest yet positive association (β = 0.13). The calculated R² values indicated that both Mother Attachment and Father Attachment collectively accounted for approximately 18% of the variance in Growth Mindset scores, while Peer Attachment contributed to a smaller extent (1%). Collectively, these findings shed light on the intricate relationships between attachment, age, and mindset. They underscore the roles of different attachments in shaping individuals' growth-oriented perspectives and highlight the nuanced gender differences in attachment and mindset. This study provides valuable insights for educators, parents, and policymakers aiming to promote positive growth mindsets among students.

Pengaruh Kelekatan Anak dengan Orang Tua Terhadap Kecenderungan Gelotophobia

Gelotophobia is the fear of someone being laughed at or looks ridiculous in the eyes of others which can cause the individual to withdraw from the surrounding environment and experience symptoms such as palpitations, shaking, shortness of breath, difficulty speaking, or even no expression at all which begins in childhood as a child as a result of the failed relationship between the baby and his caregiver, traumatic events that are repeated because of being laughed at and ridiculed, so that the bond between the child and his parents is not strong which affects the emergence of gelotophobia in children, especially if the parents do not show affection and warmth. This study aims to determine the effectt of parental attachment to the tendency of gelotophobia among children aged 16-18 years in Indonesia. This research uses a quantitative method with simple linear regression data analysis. The participants in this study were 443 people who were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data collection using the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) instrument, and the GELOPH-15 scale modified by the researcher and collected by questionnaires. The results showed that there was a significant effect of parental attachment to the tendency of gelotophobia.

Non-suicidal Self Injury: Relationship with Attachment, Childhood Trauma and Dissociation.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between non-suicidal self injury (NSSI), dissociative experiences, types of childhood traumas, and attachment styles in adolescents. Adolescents aged 14-18 with a diagnosis of NSSI and a psychiatric disorder (NSSI, n=40), a clinical comparison group which have any psychiatric disorder without NSSI (CCG, n=40) and a healthy control group (HC, n=40) were included. The diagnosis of NSSI were confirmed with the research criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5th Edition. All participants were evaluated using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia - Present and Lifetime Version. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the short form of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), and the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (ADES) were used. The dissociation scores were higher in the NSSI group compared to the CCG group (4.8±2.0 and 2.9±2.2, p<0.001). NSSI group also had higher trauma levels but the difference was not statistically significant (48.0±14.2 and 41.4±5.0, p=0.062). Similarly, the NSSI group yielded higher scores of CTQ (48.0±14.2 and 33.8±6.8, p<0.001) and ADES (4.8±2.0 and 1.8±1.6, p<0.001) compared to HC group. Also, compared to the HC group, the NSSI group had more impaired attachment to father (42.0±19.7 vs. 53.0±21.7, p=0.056) and more frequently reported physical and emotional abuse. Finally, there were negative correlations between attachment levels to mother and CTQ total scores (r=-0.70, p<0.001) and between father attachment subscale and ADES scores (r=-0.33, p=0.047). Our study supports the notion that dissociation, trauma and insecure attachment are more common in individuals with NSSI. Psychotherapeutic approaches based on current findings will provide more benefits to patients.

« Retrouver le chemin de l’autre », évaluation de l’hospitalisation en soins/études de 33 adolescents

ObjectiveThe “care and studies” hospitalisation at the Dupré Clinic (Fondation Santé des étudiants de France; Students Health French Foundation) is an original setting that integrate a therapeutic and eco systemic residential approach with schooling for adolescents suffering from psychiatrics disorders. MethodA selection of standardised questionaries’ was proposed to a group of 70 adolescents hospitalized in “care and study”. The final sample of the group was composed of 33 adolescents at the entrance and 9 months later. We compared the results between T0 and T9. The battery of questionaries’ is composed of: YSR (Youth Self report), ADRS (Adolescent depression rating scale), RSQ (Relationship scale questionnaire), IPPA (Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment), FACES IV (Family adaptability and cohesion evaluation scale), Rosenberg self esteem scale, LEAS (Level of emotional awareness scale) and a self subjective evaluation of psychological functioning. A committee of ethics and deontology approved the methodology. ResultsThe results (YSR, ADRS) show a significant effect on reduction of internalised disorder at 9 months, especially in the measures of anxiety, depression and withdrawal. The RSQ results confirm significative less anxiety in the patient's relationship with others. Adolescents witness a feeling of a better global functioning. On the other hand, no evolution was observed in the measure of emotional consciousness (LEAS) and in the family functioning form an adolescent's perspective. ConclusionsThis study offers new clinical perspective based on the results. We proposed a few reflexions in the treatment of emotional disorder and in the domain of family therapy intervention.

Psychometric Properties of the Sibling Attachment Inventory in Mexican Young Adults.

The aim of this work was to adapt and validate the Sibling Attachment Inventory (SAI) in Mexican young adults and analyze its psychometric properties. Using an Internet-based survey, data were collected from 307 (64.5% female) Mexican young adults university students (aged 18–30). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to determine the factor structure of the revised Mexican version of the Sibling Attachment Inventory (SAI-RMx). Convergent and predictive validity were verified by carrying out correlations with the parent form of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), the Lifespan Sibling Relationship Scale (LSRS), the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE). Results indicated that the SAI-RMx presents good levels of internal consistency and a monodimensional structure, also providing evidence for convergent, predictive, and construct validity. Furthermore, secure attachments were linked with high levels of self-esteem, as well as with high levels of life satisfaction. The SAI-RMx is expected to be a reliable instrument for measuring the global level and the three components of secure attachment between siblings in the young adult’s Mexican population.

Hubungan antara Kelekatan Aman dengan Ayah dan Kualitas Relasi Romantis pada Dewasa Awal

This research aimed to know the correlation between secure attachment with father and the quality of romantic relationships in emerging adulthood women. The hypothesis stated that there was a significant positive correlation between secure attachment with father and the quality of romantic relationships in emerging adulthood women. This research was a quantitative research with convenience sampling. The method of data collection in this research used two adaptation scales, namely the IPPA (Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment) for father-daughter attachment and the PBSC (Partner Behaviours as Social Context Scale) for the quality of romantic relationships. The respondents of this research were 543 emerging adulthood women who were 18-25 years old and in dating relationships. The try out of scales get reliability of coefficients on secure attachment scale was 0.95 and the quality of romantic relationships was 0.881. The research data was analyzed using Spearman’s rho one-tailed correlation technique because the data was not normally distributed. The result showed that attachment is correlated positively with the quality of romantic relationships with the value of the correlation test was 0.165 and significance level (p) was 0.00 (p0.01). Based on this, it can be concluded that there was a significant positive relationship between secure attachment and the quality of romantic relationships.

The Impact of Parent-Child Attachment on School Adjustment in Left-behind Children Due to Transnational Parenting: The Mediating Role of Peer Relationships.

In China’s eastern coastal areas, the transnational parenting of left-behind children creates a distinct form of left-behind child. Previous research has indicated that children who have been left behind have a low degree of school adjustment. The major purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of parent–child attachment on school adjustment in children left behind by migrant parents, as well as the mediating role of peer relationships in this process. The parent–child attachment section of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), the Adaptation subscale of the Adolescent Mental Health Quality Questionnaire—Chinese Version (AMHQQ-C), and the Student Peer Relationship Scale (SPRC) were used to survey 405 left-behind children in grades 3–6 of seven elementary schools in the hometowns of overseas Chinese parents from Zhejiang Province. It was discovered that, compared to non-left-behind children, left-behind children showed lower levels of parent–child attachment and school adjustment, while peer relationships appeared polarized. In addition, parent–child attachment and peer relationships considerably predicted the level of school adjustment in children left behind due to transnational parenting. More importantly, the mediation analysis revealed a partial mediating effect of peer relationships on the linkages between parent–child attachment and school adjustment among children who were left behind in transnational foster care.

The Relationship Between Children and Their Maternal Uncles: A Unique Parenting Mode in Mosuo Culture.

The relationship between children and their maternal uncles in contemporary Mosuo culture reveals a unique parenting mode in a matrilineal society. This study compared the responses of Mosuo and Han participants from questionnaires on the parent–child and maternal uncle–child relationship. More specifically, Study 1 used Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) to assess the reactions of the two groups to the relationship between children and their mothers, fathers, and maternal uncles. The results show that while Han people display a higher level of attachment toward their fathers than their maternal uncles, Mosuo people do not exhibit a significant difference in this aspect. Study 2 used a scenario-based method to compare how adults and teenagers perceive the rights and responsibilities of fathers/maternal uncles toward their children/nephews or nieces. The results show that Han adults attribute more rights and responsibilities to their own children than nephews/nieces, while their Mosuo counterparts have the reverse pattern and assign stronger responsibilities to their nephews/nieces than their own children. Both groups perceive the fathers to be the bearer of rights and responsibilities, although this perception was weaker among Mosuo. This paper concludes that in the Mosuo society, fathers have a relatively weak social role as a result of their unique matrilineal social structure.

The effect of Attachment with Significant Others on Emotion Regulation and Quality of Sleep among Youth

Purpose of the current study is to investigate the effect of attachment with significant others one motion regulation and quality of sleep among youth was to find out the impact of attachment with parents and peers on emotional regulation and sleep quality. Furthermore study find out the correlation among emotional regulation and sleep quality and in the same way the relation between attachment and sleep quality. Method: The cross-sectional co relational design was used to find out relation between variables and impact of one variables of the current study. Sample size was calculated by G power, a total number of 250 participants with age range of 18 to 25 year-old were selected by using the convenient sampling technique. The data was collected from two universities located in Islamabad and Rawalpindi Pakistan. Demographic Performa, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) were used to gather data from participants. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 25, in which the Pearson’s product moment co relational test was applied to check the degree of association. Results: The results of the current study suggest that Parents and Peer attachment have significant negative association with quality of sleep. Secondly, the significant positively associated with emotion reappraisal and negatively associated with emotional suppression among youth was found. Thirdly, the findings also demonstrated that significant association exists between emotional regulation and sleep quality. Conclusion: The current study concluded that the attachment plays a significant role in emotion regulation and sleep quality.