Inventory Method Research Articles

The measurement of China's provincial physical capital stock based on the improved method and indicators.

Physical capital stock is the basic indicator of macroeconomic empirical studies and also an important manifestation of macroeconomic activity capacity. When measuring China's provincial physical capital stock by the perpetual inventory method, the treatment for the depreciation rate and the initial physical capital stock in the existing literature has some defects in reflecting the economic performance. The purpose of this paper is to build the most reliable and reasonable statistical series of China's provincial physical capital stock. We establish a measurement formula in form of the variable depreciation rate and improve the treatment for the depreciation rate and the initial physical capital stock. For the depreciation rate, we measure the benchmark depreciation rate of physical capital and determine the variable depreciation rate according to the economic growth rate, which makes the variable depreciation rate reflect the economic growth. For the initial physical capital stock, we measure the initial physical capital stock according to the capital output ratio, which makes the initial physical capital stock reflect the economic aggregate. Based on these improvements, we measure China's provincial physical capital stock from 1952 to 2022 by the perpetual inventory method. Through analyzing the measurement results, we have a more distinct insight into the temporal and spatial characteristics of China's provincial physical capital stock: The growth rate of physical capital stock at the provincial level has slowed in spite of remaining high; The eastern region is much higher than the central and western regions. According to these two characteristics, it is suggested that policymakers need to improve market mechanisms and adjust investment policies to promote a benign profile of economic growth and a regional optimization of capital formation.

Inventory System of Critical Components of Machines Based on Failure Rate

In manufacturing companies, machinery is a factor that really influences the production process. As time goes by, the function of reliability and engine breakdown can be reduced if used continuously so as to cause damage to the engine components. Therefore, the company must determine a component inventory system that can ensure that the component is always available when needed so that it does not cause a large total cost. This study applies the inventory method Q. By applying the inventory method Q, optimal ordering value Q and reorder point r can be determined.

Securing Method of Spare Parts Inventory for KT/A-1 Aircraft by Employing Association Rules

Securing Method of Spare Parts Inventory for KT/A-1 Aircraft by Employing Association Rules

Методика полевых исследований оползней в Чеченской Республике

Introduction. Landslide engineering and geological surveys usually consist of reconnaissance observations and field work to collect the necessary material and information, and their purpose is to document surface conditions in such a way as to provide the necessary basis for subsequent forecasting of conditions and parameters of landslide geomass movement. At the same time, the main task of identifying a landslide is to determine its boundaries on the earth’s surface and other parameters, including the area of the hearth and the displaced geomass. Materials and мethods. Identification of landslides in the field is an integral part of standard geomorphological cartography. At the same time, an important approach to the study of landslides is the methods of geomorphological inventory of landslides, which are direct methods during which, as a rule, the main characteristics of the morphology of landslides, as well as provoking and predisposing factors, are recorded. Results. It has been established that shallow landslides caused by rains, earthquakes and man-made human activity have become quite frequent within the North Caucasus, serving to summarize the data of previous studies. Discussion. There are more than 120 modern active landslides within the Chechen Republic. Mapping of all landslide displacements on the territory of the Chechen Republic was not carried out, only geological surveys were carried out in certain areas and near settlements in order to prevent emergency situations for the infrastructure of settlements and mining facilities. Due to the inaccessibility of the mountainous terrain and the limited possibilities of using satellite images of high destructibility, there is currently no complete information about the spread of ancient and modern landslides in hard-to-reach areas. Conclusion. However, despite the fact that the special literature on landslide hazards is constantly updated with new data, and with increasing complexity, some methodological issues of landslide research remain unresolved. First, despite the frequent use of statistical models of landslide susceptibility, there remains uncertainty about the sampling system of landslide geomass, the resolution applied and the uncertainty of the model used. Secondly, due to the increase in computing power and the availability of specialized software tools, landslide susceptibility models are sometimes used without proper interpretation of the geomorphological reliability of the results. In addition, there are no reliable estimates of landslide susceptibility for many remote regions (especially mountainous ones). Resume: 1. The article presents the results of research on landslides in the Czech Republic. 2. It has been established that shallow landslides caused by rains, earthquakes and man-made human activity have become quite frequent within the North Caucasus, serving to summarize the data of previous studies. It is shown what ground engineering and geological studies of landslide territories consist of. 3. Future research is needed to prevent landslides in the Shatoi district in the village of Gush-Kert (Chechen Republic).

Perbandingan Pengadaan Persediaan Bahan Baku Dengan Menggunakan Metode EOQ dan Min Max pada PT XYZ

PT XYZ is an industrial company that produces vehicle spare parts. So far, raw material inventory planning has been carried out based on estimates of past needs, methods like this will result in uncertainty raw material needs which will cause total inventory costs to increase, stockouts, and overstocks. This research aims to evaluate the company's raw material inventory procurement, to obtain optimal raw material inventory procurement. The research methods used are normality tests, forecasting, and comparison of the EOQ & Min method where the best method is proposed to be applied in the company. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation. The research results show that companies should use the EOQ method for steel raw materials and Min Max for copper raw materials, which will save inventory costs by 25.16% or IDR 9,340,698. Apart from that, the safety stock value, maximum inventory, and reorder point are also known to avoid stockouts and overstocks. By implementing inventory procurement methods, companies can find out the maximum inventory that should be in the warehouse, expedite production operational activities, and save space usage which of course benefits the company.

Survey of Weed Infestation of Three Levels of Pasture Degradation in the Municipality of Cahoeiras de Macacu, State of Rio de Janeiro

Objective: The objective of this work was to register weed species in pasture areas at different levels of degradation, as a subsidy for weed control and the recovery of degraded pastures. Theoretical framework: Well-managed pastures provide socio-environmental benefits, being important carbon sinks and providing food for livestock. Studies related to the registration of weed species in pastures are an important tool towards the recovery and renewal of degraded pasture areas. Method: A survey of weed species was carried out in pasture areas in the municipality of Cachoeiras de Macacu, State of Rio de Janeiro, using the inventory square method, in order to indicate the ideal moment to apply control practices due to the main registered weed species. Results and conclusions: Twenty-three weed species were registered and distributed in 11 botanical families. The families that most stood out in number of species were: Fabaceae, Poaceae and Asteraceae. The weeds with the highest degree of importance were in descending order: Paspalum notatum, Eupatorium maximilianii, Imperata brasiliensis, Desmodium incanum and Sporobolus indicus. The values obtained for number of weeds, density and abundance increased as degradation levels evolved. The weed density referring to the lowest level of degradation can be used as a parameter in decision-making about the most appropriate moment to carry out the control of weed species. Average density value equal to 6.0 plants m-2 indicates the appropriate moment for adopting weed control practices, based on the main registered species. The similarity indices among sampling areas were high, evidencing the homogeneity of species among the different levels of degradation. Research implications: The results obtained can be used as benchmarks in relation to the ideal time when farmers or ranchers should apply effective practices of weed control, based on the main species found in pastures. Consequently, minimizing or even avoiding the progressive degradation of pastures. Originality/value: In general, the control of weeds in pasture areas in Brazil is neglected or carried out without the use of technical-scientific criteria. Phytosociological surveys of weed infestation can be used as guides for decision-making on the ideal moment for the application of control methods based on the main incident species, and may also be used in the development and formulation of public policies.

Inventory Management at Makerere University Business School and Its Impact on the Revenue Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises

Numerous studies have explored the effectiveness of implementing operations management techniques in inventory management and its impact on revenue performance. This study aims to ascertain the significance of inventory management, its various approaches, and the correlation between managing inventory effectively and revenue performance. Employing a secondary data collection method, the researcher reviewed and analyzed pertinent documents from various authors. The research findings reveal that a majority of small and medium-sized enterprises struggle to adopt new inventory management methods, thereby adversely affecting their revenue performance. When inventory management isn't integrated seamlessly, treating it as a separate entity, these enterprises struggle to ensure optimal resource utilization. However, the study also notes the presence of both positive and negative relationships between inventory management strategies and sales performance. In conclusion, the study recommends that SMEs enhance their inventory management techniques to positively impact business revenue. This improvement is crucial for streamlining operations and maximizing financial outcomes. Keywords: Inventory management, Business revenue, Applying operations, Management techniques, Sales performance.

AUTOMATED FINE-SCALE FOREST INVENTORY USING BACKPACK LIDAR – A STRATEGY BASED ON FEATURE EXTRACTION, MATCHING, AND TRACKING FROM INTEGRATED SCANS

Abstract. Backpack LiDAR systems are gaining popularity due to their rapid data acquisition, portability, and cost-effectiveness. However, using backpack LiDAR in forest poses challenges, such as GNSS signal attenuation under the canopy, leading to inaccurate trajectory estimates and misregistered point clouds. This paper aims at presenting a novel method that addresses this challenge by leveraging the integrated scans (IS) concept to enhance point cloud quality for automated forest inventory. The proposed method for forest inventory using ISs consists of four key steps: (i) Integrated scans (IS) generation, (ii) feature extraction, matching, and tracking, (iii) trajectory enhancement, and (iv) tree biometric extraction. Firstly, IS point clouds are generated based on the initial GNSS/INS trajectory. Secondly, reliable forest features such as tree trunks and ground patches are extracted, matched, and tracked across ISs. These features are then utilized in the trajectory enhancement step, where a non-linear Least Squares Adjustment (LSA) technique is used to minimize discrepancies among the features to enhance the trajectory. The resulting point clouds, based on the improved trajectory, are used to extract tree biometric information. The proposed method was evaluated using two distinct datasets collected with different systems. The evaluation results, both qualitatively and quantitatively, validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, showcasing its potential for fine-scale forest inventory applications.

How have RPAS helped monitor forests and what can we apply in forest restoration monitoring?

We are currently experiencing an unprecedented moment in forest restoration, where monitoring activities in recovery areas play a vital role in problem identification and method adaptation. However, it is crucial to shift away from expensive traditional methodologies and develop technologies that enable large‐scale monitoring using more accessible and cost‐effective tools. In an effort to provide an evidence‐based perspective, we conducted a systematic review of how remotely piloted aircraft systems equipped with various sensors have been employed for forest monitoring. We consulted three databases and included 53 articles in our review. The results revealed a trend toward research in tropical ecosystems, with forest structure being the most frequently assessed attribute, and canopy height being the most widely measured structural indicator. Red‐green‐blue sensors were commonly used, both individually and in combination with others, and there was a noticeable shift toward the use of light detection and ranging. Data validation primarily relied on forest inventory methods, often involving comparisons of outputs from different sensors and the use of artificial intelligence algorithms. Despite the wide range of studies utilizing sensor‐equipped drones to analyze forest attributes, there is a notable scarcity of research specifically addressing the application of these technologies in forest restoration monitoring. Filling this research gap is essential, as employing techniques that enable large‐scale monitoring, such as aerial photogrammetry and remote sensing, aligns with current trends and contributes to global commitments to environmental restoration and conservation.

IMPLEMENTASI METODE EOQ DAN POQ PADA PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU ALAT UJI KESEHATAN PT. X

Manufacturing companies essentially transform raw materials into finished products through various production operations. This research aims to evaluate the inventory control of raw materials for health diagnostic test device products (HBSAG & HIV) at PT X. The method used is Material Requirement Planning (MRP) with lot sizing techniques using EOQ and POQ methods. The calculated actual inventory costs for the company are Rp 25,357,043 (HBSAG) and Rp 23,973,320 (HIV). The research results using the EOQ lot sizing method show reduced costs to Rp 17,486,791 (HBSAG) and Rp 13,243,617 (HIV). Meanwhile, the POQ lot sizing method yields inventory costs of Rp 16,403,312 (HBSAG) and Rp 12,556,514 (HIV). In the final analysis, the most optimal inventory control method is the Period Order Quantity (POQ) method, as it can save inventory costs by Rp. 8,953,731 (HBSAG) and Rp. 11,346,116 (HIV) annually.

An Analysis Of Internal Control System Of Merchandise Inventory At Toko Saga Motor Panorama In Bengkulu City

This study aims is to find out whether the analysis of the internal control system for merchandise inventory at Toko Saga Motor Panorama in Bengkulu City is in accordance with the control system according to Mulyadi (2016: 488). The theory associated with the title explained is the internal assessment system. Toko Saga Motor Panorama in Bengkulu City, carries out cash and credit sales as an effort to attract as many customers as possible to Toko Saga Motor Panorama in Bengkulu City. This research is a type of descriptive research. The data collection method was carried out by observation, interviews and documentation obtained Toko Saga Motor Panorama in Bengkulu City. The results of this research show that the internal assessment system for merchandise inventory at Toko Saga Motor Panorama in Bengkulu City is not in accordance with the control system according to Mulyadi (2016: 488) so it can be said that it has not been carried out effectively. This can be seen from Toko Saga Motor Panorama in Bengkulu City which does not have its own control system and does not have adequate storage and there are no operations in the organizational structure at Toko Saga Motor Panorama in Bengkulu City because it is only carried out by two people who run all the divisions. In determining the inventory valuation method, the company uses the LIFO method because the last item will be the cost of goods sold. This will provide greater profits compared to the FIFO method.

Analisis Akuntansi Persediaan Barang Dagang Pada Toko Indomaret Basuki Rahmat Di Kota Jambi

This study aims to describe the recording and valuation of merchandise inventory at Indomaret Basuki Rahmat Jambi City based on Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (PSAK) Number 14 Concerning Inventory and find out the obstacles encountered in carrying out merchandise calculations at Indomaret Basuki Jambi City. This type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative research. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, documents and informants. The research results showrecording and valuation of merchandise inventory at Indomaret Basuki Rahmat City of Jambi is carried out based on the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (PSAK) Number 14 Concerning Inventory, namely by recording inventory, measuring inventory, costing inventory, recognizing expenses and disclosing inventory. Indomaret Basuki Jambi City uses the FIFO (First In First Out) inventory valuation method. Obstacles encountered in carrying out the calculation of merchandise at Indomaret Basuki Jambi City are calculation errors, layout of goods, supervision that is not optimal, employee negligence and communication, inventory does not match warehouse capacity, and lack of employee cooperation.

Homegarden ethnobotany of three Malay Villages in Belitung District, Indonesia

Ethnic culture influences the plant diversity in homegardens, automatically impacting socio-economic and ecological services. The Malay ethnic in the Belitung district uses many species of plants from their homegardens. However, ethnobotanical studies of the homegarden must be carried out for more efficient and sustainable use. This study aimed to describe the plant diversity and structure of the Malay homegarden in the Belitung district through an ethnobotanical perspective. Ethnobotanical data were collected using the participatory observation method in three villages from different sub-districts, Kembiri, Sijuk, and Suak Gual. The key and general respondents were selected using the purposive and the snowball sampling methods, and the plant diversity was identified using the inventory method. The structure of the Malay homegarden in Belitung consists of side, front, and back yards. The homegarden plants have four habitus types: trees, shrubs, herbs, and lianas. The homegarden area in Sijuk villages was the most spacious (599.55 m2). Myrtaceae dominated the homegarden in Sijuk, while the Zingiberaceae dominated the Kembiri and Suak Gual villages. The highest Index of Cultural Significance value is Cocos nucifera in Sijuk and Kembiri villages and Citrus macrocarpa in Suak Gual Village. Malay ethnic uses most homegarden plants for food and medicine ingredients.

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS AFFECTING SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE OF NURSES AT BANDUNG HOSPITAL IN INDONESIA

Background: Nurses are required to conduct themselves professionally at all times, without compromising procedure or the patient's pleasure. Each day, they confront a variety of workplace stresses that might jeopardize their health and possibly result in a reduction or lack of enthusiasm to work.
 Objectives: The study aimed to determine contribute factors of nurses' spiritual intelligence at Bandung City Hospital based on their characteristics.
 Methods: This research used a descriptive quantitative method and Spiritual Intelligence of Self Report Inventory (SISRI-24) to collect the data. The respondents were 239 nurses selected using the total population technique. The univariate analysis was used to explain the various levels of spiritual intelligence based on the nurse's characteristics
 Results: The results show that the nurses' spiritual intelligence in Bandung City Regional General Hospital is 49% high and 51% low. It was also discovered that a high level of spiritual intelligence was based on the following characteristics: aged 41-60 years old, male, and on more- than-10-year tenure, Nursing School graduates, head nurses and nurses assigned at a hemodialysis unit.
 Conclusion: The research concludes that more than half of the respondents have a low level of spiritual intelligence. Therefore, holding Emotional Spiritual Quotient training is recommended, especially for nurses relatively new to the job. The study has implication because spiritual intelligence is vital in nursing, significantly impacting care quality, well-being of all involved, and leading to better patient outcomes and job satisfaction.

Wheat Quantity Monitoring Methods Based on Inventory Measurement and SVR Prediction Model

Due to the influences of the storage environment, water content change, particle settlement, natural loss, and other factors, the distribution density of wheat and the volume of grain pile in the storage process are gradually changed so that the single weight calculation method cannot objectively evaluate the storage quantity of wheat and also causes difficulties to the regular inspection of the quantity of wheat stock. To meet the practical needs of wheat inventory monitoring, a wheat inventory monitoring method based on inventory measurement and the support vector machine regression (SVR) prediction model is proposed. By collecting the working papers for the physical inspection of wheat in grain warehouses in Shanxi province, Hebei province, Henan province, Jiangsu province, and other places, the storage time, storage weight, storage moisture content, measured moisture content, measured volume weight, measured net volume, and measured weight for inspection were selected as training samples for the SVR prediction model, and kernel function selection and parameter optimization were carried out. We developed an optimal prediction model for the amount of wheat in the grain depots. In the actual grain store measurement process, the net volume of wheat in the current grain store was obtained by a laser volumetric measuring apparatus, the actual bulk density of wheat was sampled, and the actual moisture content of wheat was measured by sampling. The three samples, their storage time, their storage moisture content, and their storage weight were fed into the trained SVR prediction model as new samples, and the predicted weight of the wheat in the current grain store was obtained from the output. The error rate calculation procedure was introduced to achieve an anomalous judgment error rate for grain depots. The experimental results showed that the SVR prediction model based on the linear kernel function had a very low mean squared error and high determination coefficient, and the average prediction accuracy of the grain stock error rate reached 93.2 percent, which can meet the requirements of wheat quantity monitoring in grain warehouses.

Coverage of the agreement between the Kurdistan Region and Iraq on the websites of Iraqi television channels, for example, Kurdistan24 and Iraqi News

The aim of this study is to evaluate and analyze the news coverage of the political agreement concluded between the Kurdistan region and Iraqi government in 2023, as a political issues, on the websites of both the Kurdish (Kurdistan24) and Arabic (Iraqi News) satellite channels, in terms of the use of forms of description and the use of the survey method that was carried out. Through it, content analysis is applied through the content analysis form tool, for the purpose of knowing the contents of the media clips that illustrate this survey. This is done by taking a non-random, intentional sample using a comprehensive inventory method of the news on the websites of the two signatories in the month of April 2023. The sample size was (171) news stories regarding the subject of the agreement. From this perspective, the analyzes reached a set of results, including: The websites of the two channels differ in their coverage. For the news of the agreement between the Kurdistan region and Iraq, they only cover the important political events in depth except superficially. However, the Kurdish channel’s website, within the framework of the agreement, focuses on the issue of the budget, employees‌ salaries, and sending financial dues to the region. In contrast, the Arab channel’s website focuses on covering the agreement from the perspective of handing over the region’s Oil to the central government. On the other hand, both sites focused on the type of Follow-up coverage in terms of timing and complex news coverage in terms of form regarding the news of the conclusion of the agreement. Finally, the two satellite channels‌ websites will not benefit from new media technologies and materials such as (graphics, video, and photo albums) in the process of covering the news of the region’s agreement with Iraq.

Ethical aspects of inventory management in an agricultural enterprise

Inventory management has a different meaning in agriculture than in a commercial chain, but it is just as important. In most cases, the purpose of the inventory is to satisfy demand. Demand and supply do not always meet at a predetermined place and time but are shaped by external circumstances. It is the same in agriculture. Our research aims to present and compare simple inventory management methods through a practical agricultural example and to examine the ethical aspects. To manage inventory, we have to make an appropriate decision in the following two questions: when to order and how much to order. There are three basic inventory mechanisms: cycle inventory, damping inventory, and two-warehouse inventory. There are three levels within business ethics: macro-, meso-, and micro-level. In the case of the examined agricultural limited company, the meso- and micro-levels are affected by ethical problems. When handling inventory improperly, can the employee be held liable, or is the company responsible? The agricultural sector began to develop, which is mainly the result of developments in the use of information technology. Even so, many farms still use outdated methods, which should be changed to operate more economically

Mangrove individual tree detection based on the uncrewed aerial vehicle multispectral imagery

Mangroves are one of the most threatened and vulnerable ecosystems in the world. They dominate the coastal wetlands of tropical and subtropical regions. These forest areas are frequently difficult to access, typical methods of forest inventory are difficult undertakings. Thus, the acquisition of forest attributes through remote sensing, such as the validated individual tree detection (ITD) aim can support management and conservation proposals. This study comprehensively validated ITD from high-resolution multispectral uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys, forest inventory data, multiresolution segmentation, mean shift segmentation and gaussian model the aim of quantifying the canopies in different areas of mangrove. The validations methods were based on the number plot size, the polygon canopy, and point canopy obtained according to simple sampling plan statistics. The results demonstrated that when using plot size inside the flight area to calibrate the ITD methods, the gaussian model and the segmentation methods can reach an acceptable quality limit (AQL) of 15%. On the other hand, this study suggests as alternative to ITD a tree like objects (TLO) method for flying through dense forests without forest inventory with AQL of 40%. This study is critical for conservation and management efforts because it applies the reliability of multispectral UAV surveys to assessing tree abundance in mangrove forests and can be applied to quantify biomass and blue carbon in dense forests.

Inventory management of new products in retailers using model-based deep reinforcement learning

This study addresses the optimal inventory management problem for new smartphone products as an effective example of a supply chain with a short product life cycle. The determination of the optimal inventory level leads to a reduction of lost opportunities and defective inventory, which is an important issue from a profit improvement perspective. Mathematical optimization and reinforcement learning approaches have been proposed for inventory management; however, most of these approaches focus on products that are regularly sold over a long period. Thus, when the target is a new product, it is difficult to optimize inventory control from its day of release due to a lack of sufficient data for learning. To solve this problem, we focus on model-based deep reinforcement learning with high sample efficiency and propose an inventory management method for new products that combines model learning in an offline environment and planning in an online environment. Simulations using real-world historical sales datasets demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing methods in terms of profitability, efficiency, and customer satisfaction. In particular, the proposed method improves total rewards and inventory turnover by ¿5% each than the heuristic method while maintaining the same stock-out rate. In addition, the results demonstrate that the proposed method can maintain stable inventory control for multiproduct and multistore supply chains.

Mental workload analysis using NASA-TLX method and Maslach burnout inventory at PT. XYZ (East Kalimantan Exitu Dumping Case Study)

The performance and productivity of individuals and organizations are greatly affected by workload. Excessive workload can be a serious problem for employees and organizations in an increasingly complex and dynamic world of work. Excessive workload can cause stress, burnout, and even workplace accidents, as well as affect the mental and physical health of employees as well as the quality and safety of goods and services produced by the company. Performance is affected by workload, workplace, and fatigue level. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that affect the level of fatigue of teams working on eksitu dumping activities at PT. XYZ. In this study, there were three variables, with their respective sub criteria: workload, fatigue level, and work environment. In this study, the subjects were all members of the eksitu dumping crew operating on the Balikpapan ship, totalling 32 people. To find out if Maslach's burnout inventory method affected worker burnout, the data was analyzed using NASA-TLX and Borg CR10. The results showed that mental load is a component that has an influence on the level of burnout of workers in dumping.