Introductory Study Research Articles

Model Tes Bakat Calon Atlet Sepakbola Untuk KU 9-10 Tahun

This research aims to develop a model of basic skill test for talent scouting soccer athlete candidates of age group of 10-11 years which is valid and reliable. This research is research and development adapting research measures proposed by Borg and Gall (2007: 590) including: (1) introductory study and data collection, (2) planning and conducting research, (3) product validation, (4) trying out of the product, (5) revisions of the product, and (6) product implementation. The try out of the initial product was conducted to 30 students. The try out of the main product was conducted to 416 students from various elementary schools (SD) sampled using the cluster sampling technique. The data validity is calculated using with Pearson’s Product Moment correlation and the reliability was calculated using the test-retest of Cronbach's Alpha. The Z score was used to equalize the form of units. The results of this research and development include a model of basic skill test for talent scouting soccer athlete candidates of age group of9-10 years. The talent test model is fit for use, because it is valid and reliable, with the raccount score bigger than rtabelscore. The model of basic skill test for talent scouting soccer athlete candidates of age group of 9-10 years includes the assessment scales (norms) that are packed in the effective and efficient guidebook (module) and visualization/tutorial tests (CD) that can be used as a manual of the soccer academy coaches in the process of scouting prospective athletes with different levels of talent.

Continuidad con la épica criolla mexicana e innovación en la «Historia de la Nueva México», 1610

This is an introductory study to Gaspar de Villagra’s History of New Mexico (1610) in the context of the Cortes epic cycle tradition. The concept of «epic continuity» is utilized in order to better understand how the poem adheres to epic tradition at the same time that it goes through formal changes needed for its renovation. Part of the renovation is the inclusion of prose as a legal defense strategy, and its use as a vehicle for the struggles of Mexican Creoles. It is proposed that this poem belongs in a Frontier Creole epic sub-cycle.

Does Free Will Require Alternative Possibilities?

Abstract In this introductory study I discuss the notion of alternative possibilities and its relation to contemporary debates on free will and moral responsibility. I focus on two issues: whether Frankfurt-style cases refute the principle of alternative possibilities, and whether alternative possibilities are relevant to grounding free will and moral responsibility. With respect to the first issue, I consider three objections to Frankfurt-syle cases: the flicker strategy, the dilemma defense, and the objection from new dispositionalism. With respect to the second issue, I consider the debate between Alternative Possibilities views and Actual Sequence views, as framed by Carolina Sartorio in her Causation and Free Will. I then explain how these two issues are relevant to the papers included in this volume.

Coal-water slurries containing petrochemicals to solve problems of air pollution by coal thermal power stations and boiler plants: An introductory review

This introductory study presents the analysis of the environmental, economic and energy performance indicators of burning high-potential coal water slurries containing petrochemicals (CWSP) instead of coal, fuel oil, and natural gas at typical thermal power stations (TPS) and a boiler plant. We focus on the most hazardous anthropogenic emissions of coal power industry: sulfur and nitrogen oxides. The research findings show that these emissions may be several times lower if coal and oil processing wastes are mixed with water as compared to the combustion of traditional pulverized coal, even of high grades. The study focuses on wastes, such as filter cakes, oil sludge, waste industrial oils, heavy coal-tar products, resins, etc., that are produced and stored in abundance. Their deep conversion is very rare due to low economic benefit. Effective ways are necessary to recover such industrial wastes. We present the cost assessment of the changes to the heat and power generation technologies that are required from typical power plants for switching from coal, fuel oil and natural gas to CWSPs based on coal and oil processing wastes. The corresponding technological changes pay off after a short time, ranging from several months to several years. The most promising components for CWSP production have been identified, which provide payback within a year. Among these are filter cakes (coal processing wastes), which are produced as a ready-made coal-water slurry fuel (a mixture of flocculants, water, and fine coal dust). These fuels have the least impact on the environment in terms of the emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides as well as fly ash. An important conclusion of the study is that using CWSPs based on filter cakes is worthwhile both as the main fuel for thermal power stations and boiler plants and as starting fuel.

O PROCESSO CIVIL PRAGMÁTICO E O CONSTITUCIONALISMO DIALÓGICO: PRESSUPOSTOS PARA UMA DISCUSSÃO SOBRE ATIVISMO JUDICIAL

O presente artigo propõe o estudo do Processo Civil Pragmático dentro da realidade apresentada pelo Novo Código de Processo Civil (Lei 13.105/15). Desta forma, busca estudar o tema do direito processual em cotejo com a escola filosófica conhecida como Pragmatismo Jurídico, lidando com as consequências desta aproximação conceitual. Para tanto, realiza um estudo introdutório sobre o Pragmatismo Filosófico, em uma abordagem preliminar, evidenciando aspectos elementares desta escola filosófica, e sobre o Pragmatismo Jurídico, tratando de temas relacionados a esta outra escola eminentemente jurídica, como a análise econômica do Direito e o ativismo jurídico, especialmente com base na obra de Richard A. Posner. Depois disso, passa a analisar, propriamente, as repercussões do Pragmatismo Jurídico na Esfera Processual, especificamente focalizando a função dos precedentes neste novo paradigma. Há também explanação acerca do amicus curiae enquanto fenômeno associado ao empirismo típico da escola pragmática. Em seguida trata do processo civil pragmático em face do constitucionalismo dialógico. Neste ponto, o artigo conclui pelo avanço do pragmatismo jurídico no Direito Processual Civil brasileiro, e tece considerações sobre seus impactos e possibilidades, particularmente associados à construção de uma cultura de diálogo no processo de tomada de decisões, baseada, por exemplo, na obra de Richard Rorty, o que associa as considerações finais deste trabalho ao referencial teórico do constitucionalismo dialógico.

Computing Competences and Digital Competences

This article discusses the results of the authors' introductory study on the comparison of computing competences and digital competences. The start of this article describes from the presentation of the discipline structure of Computer Science as proposed by Computing organizations and reports the experience one of the authors made, while working in the international committee of the Beaver competition, for the questionnaires on the assessment of computing competences. Soon after the structure of the DIGCOMP 2.0 is reported as a framework for digital competence analysis and the experience the same author made while working at developing a questionnaire for digital competence assessment. Finally, the structure of study is reported, the instrument for the carrying out of the survey the authors decided to use is presented and the analysis of the collected data.

Testing Homogeneity of Variance

This paper compares empirical type I error and power of different tests that have been proposed to assess the homogeneity of within-group variances. The main questions answered in the paper are: (1) Which tests are most effective (powerful and robust) when testing the homogeneity of variances in various conditions of heterogeneity, and (2) When these conditions exist, do any of the tests of homogeneity of variance prove more effective in the detection of heterogeneity than others? An introductory simulation study established that Anova is extremely susceptible to heterogeneity of the variances. This occurs both in normally distributed and non-normal datasets. Even small deviances from homogeneity to that of heteroscedasticity results in inflated type I error. A subsequent simulation study was conducted. The purpose of this study was to determine which of the tests of homogeneity of variances preformed best in unfavourable conditions. These conditions included small sample sizes and a number of non-normal distributions. In these conditions, Bartlett's or Box's tests perform well. Conversely, Cochran's test and the Log Anova test exhibited low power with small to moderate sample sizes even with normally distributed datasets. A decision tree has been created for these results that can be used to determine the most effective test strategy.

Book of Honors for Empress Maria of Austria. A translation with an introductory study and facsimile of the emblems. Prepared by Antonio Bernat Vistarini, John T. Cull and Tamás Sajó. Pp. 248 (plus facsimile). Philadelphia, Saint Joseph's University Press,

Book of Honors for Empress Maria of Austria. A translation with an introductory study and facsimile of the emblems. Prepared by Antonio Bernat Vistarini, John T. Cull and Tamás Sajó. Pp. 248 (plus facsimile). Philadelphia, Saint Joseph's University Press,

The ugly in fine arts. The sensory nature of terror in the tales of the Brothers Grimm

The author, inspired by philosophical aesthetic reflection, presents one of the aesthetic qualities: ugliness. Based on the assumption that “Grimms’ Fairy Tales” directly reach the realm of the unconscious, utilising towards that end not only symbolic meaning, but also a wide range of operations through imagined sensory perception, she identifies in the texts such fragments of the stories which relate to specific sensations caused in the real world using physical stimuli. The analysis constitutes only a case-based introductory study of the issue of senses in literary texts. She does not focus on the tale as an independent existential creation, which carries a multitude of interpretative references and meanings, only the possibilities offered by the analysis of a work, which consists of a transfer of a literary description to the imagination of the sensory experience occurring (hypothetically) in the receiver’s imagination.

Narratives in Anecdotes, Memory and Interlocutors: An Early Engagement with Neville Alexander’s Story

ABSTRACTIn this article, I present a story about South African Marxist and activist-scholar Neville Edward Alexander. As historians, social scientists and intellectuals embedded in the humanities, a part of the job we have awarded ourselves or that we assume to be part of our disciplinary reasoning, our intellectual orbit, is to bring to life the periods that, and the people about whom, we reflect. This we do through writing and telling stories, often constructed with a “moral message” of sorts. In these acts of writing and story-telling, objectivity plays a disputed and a precarious role, and misrepresentations could be conscious or unwitting. The lack of objectivity in bringing to life the period and the people we talk about in our stories, in our exaggeration and our understatement about what we have read, about what we have heard, and then about what we write, is part of an academic’s narrative. These human traits of exaggeration and understatement can lead to historical error. In this early exploration of seeking answers to the questions, “Who is Neville Alexander?” and “What can we learn from his writings?” I offer two anecdotes about the man. My proposition is that overcoming historical error does not rest exclusively with factual verification. It has to factor in an appraisal of the ideological intention or even political wish of the people telling the stories, in written texts and orally, and of the interlocutors’ context that we recover in our historical studies. In writing this preliminary sketch of Alexander, I take a detour into higher education issues, particularly the field of doctoral studies, and I paraphrase some of the concerns that have been raised by Alexander. I conclude this introductory study with some thoughts on Alexander’s contributions to social change, to “race,” and to language policy and multilingualism.

The Ferrell-Vogüé Machaut Manuscript by Guillaume de Machaut

Reviewed by: The Ferrell-Vogüé Machaut Manuscript by Guillaume de Machaut Kathleen Sewright Guillaume de Machaut. The Ferrell-Vogüé Machaut Manuscript. 2 volumes in slipcase. Volume I: Introductory Study by Lawrence Earp with Domenic Leo and Carla Shapreau. Preface by Christopher de Hamel. (DIAMM Facsimiles, 5.) Oxford: DIAMM Publications, 2014. [Foreword, p. i–ii; acknowledgements, p. iii–iv; contents, p. v; abbrevs., p. vi; figures, p. vii–viii; tables, p. ix; introd., p. x–xi; introductory study, p. 1–126; appendices, p.127–59; bibliog., p. 160–80; inventory, p. 181–89; indexes, p. 190–207. ISBN-13 978-1-907647-01-7. £560 (inclusive of both volumes).] Guillaume de Machaut. The Ferrell-Vogüé Machaut Manuscript. Volume II: Color Facsimile. [ISBN-13 978-1-907647-01-7. £560 (inclusive of both volumes).] As a result of the widespread acceptance and use of digitization, coupled with the ever-increasing and prohibitive costs of publishing, the production of hard-copy music facsimiles has become increasingly rare. There still exist manuscripts of music, however, that are either so inaccessible or so important, that a justifiable case can be made for a publisher to go to the trouble and expense of producing a facsimile edition of them. The Ferrell-Vogüé manuscript of Guillaume de Machaut (ca. 1300–1377), hereinafter referred to by its scholarly siglum, Vg, is such a manuscript. Inaccessible to scholars for nearly its entire modern history, it is now available from the Digital Image Archive of Medieval Music Publications (DIAMM) in a superb color facsimile accompanied by an excellent introductory study written by the Machaut specialist Lawrence Earp, with additional chapters contributed by the cultural property law scholar Carla Shapreau and the medieval art historian Dominic Leo. Toward the end of his life, Machaut seems to have supervised the creation of several manuscripts of his works, each one generally containing all of the poetry and music that he had written up to that time. Vg takes its place as the second of these six principal “complete works” manuscripts executed between 1350 and 1390, with its corpus of works having been written during the 1360s. It is therefore a very useful document for determining which of Machaut’s works were written later in the composer’s life. It is notable as the first Machaut manuscript to transmit the David double hocket (and to name it “Double hoquet”), as well as the first of the composer’s manuscripts to transmit the Messe de Nostre Dame (it is also the only manuscript to supply the Mass with that title). As if further justification for publishing Vg in facsimile were necessary, it should also be noted that its musical readings are extremely accurate—in fact, better than all of the other Machaut manuscripts, and perhaps better than any other musical manuscript produced during the fourteenth century. The introductory study brings together everything that has been known about Vg, as well as much that is new. Chapter 1 is an extremely thorough description of the manuscript’s contents, its physical layout, and subsequent corrections and additions, with an abundance of helpful tables, all of which should be read with the facsimile at hand, which allows the many important observations Earp makes to become crystal clear. Earp has provisionally identified five text hands, with Earp’s hand “B” responsible [End Page 584] for over 80 percent of the manuscript. A single hand entered the musical readings of Vg. By comparing these hands to others found in royal court manuscripts of the time, Earp concludes that Vg was produced in the same orbit of scribes and illuminators working expressly for the king of France, Charles V. In chapters 2 through 4, Earp traces the history of Vg, from its creation up until 1916 insofar as the extant documentation allows. Earp’s most exciting discovery is that Vg was in the library of Jean, Duke of Berry, by 1388 (pp. 35–44). Earp furthermore argues persuasively that Vg was originally intended for the duke, and that he was, in fact, its original owner. The evidence for the duke’s ownership of Vg is an addendum to a letter written by Violant (Yolande) of Bar, Queen of Aragon, to her...

Boosterism or Audience Interest?: An Examination of Self-Promotion on Sports-Network Highlight Shows

In sports broadcasting, a dichotomy exists between a network’s financial interests and its journalism responsibilities. Many sports networks enter contractual agreements into the billions of dollars for the rights to broadcast live sporting events as part of their network programming. Typically, these live events produce high ratings and generate significant profit for the networks. However, this conflict between a sports network’s business and journalistic affairs raises a compelling ethical debate. Working under the theoretical model of hybrid messages—the assumption that news networks include promotional themes in their journalism programming that aren’t easily recognizable to the viewer—this introductory study analyzed 168 broadcasts from the two most prominent nightly sports-news programs, SportsCenter and FOX Sports Live, to examine whether sports networks more heavily promote leagues with which they are contractually affiliated. The study yielded the existence of hybrid messaging in newscasts, specifically finding that sports networks self-promote by showing more in-depth coverage of games and leagues with which they have a financial interest, while also filling a significant portion of the news program’s most prominent block with programming that serves their interests. However, the relationship extant between sports networks and sports leagues makes it difficult to ascertain whether the sports networks are self-promoting in their journalism programming or simply following journalistic practices.

Le langage humain, les langues et la parole du point de vue du languaging et de l’énaction. Introduction au dossier

Human Language, Languages and Speech from the Perspective of Languaging and Enaction. The study of human language in the Western tradition has progressively induced a written bias which has caused the empirical nature of the linguistic phenomenon to be overlooked : an embodied activity, grounded in the interactions, conveying creativity and fostering the hominization of the speaking species. The aim of this introductory study is to sketch the orientations provided by the enactive viewpoint in language studies and to contextualize the contributions of the various studies in the issue. It starts by recalling the polysemy of the word language and the consensus that reigns around this notion and places the written bias in the historical context of the activities that have required reflection on language. It goes on to provide an initial definition of languaging, its functioning and the questioning it implies for certain central issues in language studies. To conclude, it explains the genesis of the issue and the contribution of each paper to the overall issues.

The Indian Yogācāra Master Sthiramati and His Views on the Ālayavijñāna Concept

The paper deals with Sthiramati, a famous sixth-century commentator and master of the classical Indian Yogācāra-Vijñānavāda school of Mahāyāna thought, in the first introductory part, and with his views on the ālayavijñāna concept in the longer second part. Two of Sthiramati’s Yogācāra works have already been available in their original language long ago. In recent years, various old Sanskrit manuscripts of further works ascribed to him have been found so that now there are three original works of Sthiramati available that deal at length with the ālayavijñāna concept and other classical Yogācāra views. These are invaluable resources, which have to be studied much more carefully than up till now. At the same time, unsolved problems about Sthiramati’s identity, the works that can be safely ascribed to him, and his commentarial style have to be addressed. The second part of the article deals with his views on the ālayavijñāna concept on the basis of the three extant Sanskrit text mentioned above, namely the two commentaries Triṃśikābhāṣya and Pañcaskandhakavibhāṣā and the supercommentary Madhyāntavibhāgaṭīkā. This part is intended to be just an introductory comparative study of the pertinent sections of these texts. Therefore, special emphasis is laid on an accessible presentation of the problems involved, on referring to and summarizing earlier pertinent research, on a discussion of select terminological and doctrinal issues deemed to be particularly important, for instance, the relation to the other forms of mind, the subliminal character and objects of the ālayavijñāna and its combination with an idealistic philosophy. of the classical Indian Yogācāra-Vijñānavāda school of Mahāyāna thought, in thefirst introductory part, and with his views on the ālayavijñāna concept in the longersecond part. Two of Sthiramati’s Yogācāra works have already been available in theiroriginal language long ago. In recent years, various old Sanskrit manuscripts of furtherworks ascribed to him have been found so that now there are three original works ofSthiramati available that deal at length with the ālayavijñāna concept and otherclassical Yogācāra views. These are invaluable resources, which have to be studied muchmore carefully than up till now. At the same time, unsolved problems about Sthiramati’sidentity, the works that can be safely ascribed to him, and his commentarial style haveto be addressed. The second part of the article deals with his views on the ālayavijñānaconcept on the basis of the three extant Sanskrit text mentioned above, namely the twocommentaries Triṃśikābhāṣya and Pañcaskandhakavibhāṣā and the supercommentaryMadhyāntavibhāgaṭīkā. This part is intended to be just an introductory comparativestudy of the pertinent sections of these texts. Therefore, special emphasis is laid on anaccessible presentation of the problems involved, on referring to and summarizingearlier pertinent research, on a discussion of select terminological and doctrinal issuesdeemed to be particularly important, for instance, the relation to the other forms ofmind, the subliminal character and objects of the ālayavijñāna and its combinationwith an idealistic philosophy.

A Review of Soft Computing Techniques for Time Series Forecasting

Objectives: This paper gives a brief survey analysis on time series forecasting models developed so far and how soft computing techniques are becoming popular for time series forecasting. Statistical Analysis: This paper gives an introductory study on time series models develop in literature so far. First all traditional models were developed among them ARIMA became popular but only for linear data. Then after Soft Computing models came into picture like ANN and it was proved to be best for nonlinear forecasting. But none of the individual models are capable to handle all types of datasets as real data is a mixture of linear and nonlinear both. So there arises a need for hybridization. Findings: Many traditional methods have been developed since last few decades for time series forecasting, however their performance is not up to the mark till today. Recent trends have proven that soft computing techniques like neural network, support vector machine are good alternatives to conventional methods. The accuracy of time series model is very important and difficult task to achieve, and individual models are not able to perform well for all types of time series data. So, hybridization of models is better to achieve good accurate forecasting results. Application/Improvements: Implementation of a hybrid model using soft computing techniques which can give better accurate results as real data are made linear and nonlinear both. This hybrid model can be used in applications like weather forecasting, exchange rate forecasting, etc.

An Introductory Study on the Reformation of the Governance of the Public Broadcasting in Korea

An Introductory Study on the Reformation of the Governance of the Public Broadcasting in Korea

Anisotropy of out-of-phase magnetic susceptibility of rocks as a tool for direct determination of magnetic subfabrics of some minerals: an introductory study

Anisotropy of out-of-phase magnetic susceptibility of rocks as a tool for direct determination of magnetic subfabrics of some minerals: an introductory study

Literary Representation of Non-Standardness as a Marker of Dialect 'Voice' in "Mau Tempo no Canal": Some Considerations

Abstract: In Mau Tempo no Canal, a relationship between “direct speech” in dialogue and “regional language” is suggested by indicators of non-standard spelling in the text, which strongly supports a direct reference to Azorean speech. Nemésio’s interest in this speech is aptly manifested in the discourse by echoing the “idiolects” in accordance with the characters’ respective social strata. In this introductory study—part of a longer linguistic research project dealing with Nemésio’s novels—the use of “literary dialect” in the discourse of one of the characters provides a background upon which the marked linguistic registers connoting an Azorean linguistic identity are recognized. These indicators are then traced against existing linguistic data to form an expository analysis of the speech.

Social skill assessment for transvestives through the implementation of social problem solving method

This study is aimed to know: 1) how the steps of assessment instrumen building of social skill for transvestives through social problem solving method are, 2) instrument appropriateness of transvestives’ social skill assessment is. This study uses Research and Development method consisting of four stages, which are: (1) introduction stage, (2) design organizing stage of social skill assessment instrument for transvestives as the development of initial product form, (3) trial, evaluation and revision stage, and (4) implementation stage. The numbers of transvestives who become the sample in each trial in 2015 is 5 transvestives selected using purposive sampling. The data collection technique uses FGD, questionaire, observation, and documentation techniques. The data validation uses expert validation, while the accuracy of qualitative data uses source triangulation technique, theory and method. The quantitative data analysis is conducted using descriptive and qualitative data analytic technique with interactive model. Based on the research result, it is concluded as follow: 1) the steps of instrument building on social skill assessment for transvestives through the implementation of social problem solving model are through : a) introductory study to construct theoretical framework, b) plan and organize instrument through FGD and expert validation, c) limited trial or individual test, evaluation and revision of instrument. The guidelines of expert validation result instrument indicates average score as 3.89 which means that the guideline is good or appropriate to test. Also, based on the transvestivesassessment in individual trial indicates good result with average score of 3.69. Meanwhile, the character education model of Social Problem Solving (SPS) for transvestives as the effort to develop their social skill in Special Region of Yogyakarta indicates good result with average score of 3.80.

Települési környezetvédelem Magyarországon: Egy kutatás előfeltevései

Az alábbi cikk a Nemzeti Kutatási, Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal által támogatott, Helyi önkormányzati szerepek és eszközök az ökológiai fenntarthatóság megvalósításában címet viselő, alapvetően jogtudományi (de emellett szociológiai és politológiai) megközelítésű kutatás bevezető tanulmánya. Célja rögzíteni az interdiszciplináris kutatás hipotéziseit és várható eredményeit. Úgy véljük, hogy a helyi cselekvési szintnek az ökológiai fenntarthatóság elérésében játszott szerepe nélkülözhetetlen, habár nem egyedüli, és nem is az elsődleges tényező. Ha az önkormányzatok túl sok feladatot és hatáskört kapnak, akkor azokat nem tudják megfelelően ellátni, illetve a környezetpolitika, környezetjog egészének hatékonysága gyenge (hiszen számos probléma nem közelíthető meg helyi szinten). Ha túl kevés feladatuk, illetve hatáskörük van, akkor amellett, hogy csorbul a helyi önkormányzáshoz való jog, a környezetpolitika, illetve környezetjog összességében megint nem lesz eléggé hatékony. Egyensúlyt kell tehát találni valahol, ami a változó lehetőségek és kihívások függvényében nem egy statikus egyensúly, hanem csakis dinamikus egyensúly lehet, folyamatos súlypontváltoztatással. Abból indulunk ki, hogy környezeti fenntarthatósági szempontból jelenleg is számos változás indokolt, melyek részben intézményi, strukturális jellegűek. Úgy véljük, hogy a helyi közösségek igényei, érdekei és elvárásai sem hagyhatók figyelmen kívül, ezért a kérdéskör értelmezése során több aktor szempontjaival és cselekvéseivel kell számolni.