Introductory Study Research Articles

Introduction of Axisymmetric Grooves as a Tip Seal Treatment for Small-Core Turbines

Abstract The aerodynamic penalties associated with the tip gap flow in axial turbines remains a challenging problem for turbine manufacturers. As modern gas turbines with small-core architectures are brought online, the influence of the tip gap continues to grow. While technologies to reduce tip losses have been implemented into the blades, little attention has been paid to the casing around the rotor. In this study, an introduction of axisymmetric groove enhancements for the casing are examined computationally. These studies use the National Experimental Turbine (NExT) geometry, an engine-representative high-pressure turbine blade. Steady, RANS simulations are used to assess the basic characteristics of grooves, such as depth, location, and arrangement. The objective of this introductory study was to determine the feasibility of impacting the tip leakage vortex formation and the associated losses in rotor efficiency. Furthermore, analyses were done with different tip gap heights along with both flat- and squealer-tipped blades. Tip seals with a single groove are demonstrated to improve rotor aerodynamic efficiency relative to ungrooved seals by 0.4 points when applied to flat-tipped rotor blades and 0.15 points with squealer tips. Arrays of grooves show improvements for flat-tipped blade performance by 0.76 points, while having little additional aerodynamic effect on squealer tip over single-groove designs. Finally, grooved tip seals appear to exert greater influence on turbine aerodynamic performance at larger tip gaps, indicating that grooved tip seals alter the sensitivity of rotor performance to the tip clearance gap.

Machine learning based operator assistance in roll forming

AbstractThis paper presents an approach for operator assistance in roll forming to overcome the challenges of progressive skilled labor shortage faced by manufacturers of profiled products. An introductory study proves the necessity and the willingness of the roll forming industry to use process data and machine learning based assistance for less experienced operators. A newly built framework contains the characterization of process behavior based on in-line collected data. To support operators during the setup and control of complex manufacturing processes, correlations between tool adjustments and process data are analyzed in a machine learning (ML) pipeline. Setup suggestions are directly provided to the operator for implementation and a feedback loop takes the results into account. To quantify the functionality of the newly developed Machine Learning based Operator Assistance (MLbOA), an exemplary roll forming process is investigated. The system localizes maladjustments in the setup of tool gaps caused by individual mechanical load behavior and offers corrective suggestions to operators with a mean absolute error of 1.26 ± 0.36 μm. This work demonstrates the potential of machine learning based assistance systems to enhance the resilience of manufacturing processes against the challenges posed by the shortage of skilled labor.

Role of Waqf Investment Funds in the Development of Waqf (Applied Study on the Waqf Invest-ment Fund Human Rights Association)

Development of endowments (an applied study on the endowment investment fund of the Human Association). In an attempt to extrapolate the reality of these funds and the extent of their need and results, the research aimed to stand on the experience of the Human Association Fund in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in this regard, where the research included two sections: An introductory study that dealt with the theoretical aspect of the subject of the study in terms of the concept of endowment, its importance and its origin in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The first section went deeper by mentioning the nature of endowment investment funds, their origin, and their importance. The second topic has been related to the applied aspect of the subject of study in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The research used the descriptive approach and the inductive approach, and reached several results, the most important of which are: Endowment investment funds are characterized by the diversity of their investments and thus the diversity of their risks, and the ease of participation in them, in addition to the presence of a specialized department that implements its process, and the research also found that the size of the endowment fund in a human being has increased since its launch by 60%, and this percentage is reasonable compared to the chronological age. The research recommended the expansion of such endowment investment funds for their transgressive impact on society and their contribution to achieving financial sustainability, and the establishment of a technical platform that contributes to knowing the performance of endowment investment funds to raise governance and competition among fund managers to achieve the highest possible performance in line with the nature of the endowment.

The Development of Student Reading Skills in Arabic for Reading Islamic Classical Books Using the Arabic Learning Model at Indonesian Islamic Boarding Schools

Arabic literacy skills are essential for Muslim learners to comprehend religious texts; however, when trying to improve these skills, students face numerous obstacles which require immediate attention. This study aims to develop and evaluate an Arabic learning model designed to enhance the capability of students in Indonesian boarding schools to read religious books. The research follows a three-stage approach: introductory study, model development, and model validation. The study takes place in Al-Jawami and Al-Falah boarding schools in West Java Province, Indonesia. These schools were selected due to the emphasis they place on the Arabic reading skills needed for comprehending religious scriptures. The findings demonstrate that the Arabic learning model utilized in this study effectively enhances the reading capacity of students. As a result, other boarding schools can also adopt this learning model to improve the Arabic literacy skills of their students.

사회적 약자의 문화 불평등 해소를 위한 관광활동 지원 정책에 대한 인식 비교 연구

This study is an introductory study on exploring perceptions of support policies of tourism activities and analyzing them to explore the possibility of realizing tourism-based public policies to resolve cultural inequality for the socially disadvantaged. It examined the differences in perceptions among ordinary citizens, disabled people, multicultural citizens, pregnant women, and women raising infants and young children on support policies of tourism activities for the socially disadvantaged. The study measured the level of ordinary citizens’ and the socially disadvantaged’s perceptions of the importance and performance of public policies of tourism activity support and tourism resource development for the socially disadvantaged, recorded the data in matrices, and analyzed the differences among groups. It also examined the differences in perceptions of both the social phenomena that may appear during operating policies of tourism activity support and tourism resource development and the possibility of the additional costs required to carry out the policies. The results showed the significant difference in perceptions among each group for some survey items. It is necessary to converge and coordinate the thoughts of various social members and also consider the cultural structure, which affects the meaning and thought system of social groups to implement public tourism resource development policies based on securing accessibility to tourism resources. These tourism policies need to establish the values as public policies that help reconstruct the distribution system of culture and resolve cultural inequality of the socially disadvantaged.

Records Mobilized by Pedagogical Students in the Introductory Study of Probability

This text aims to identify the difficulties and possible misunderstandings of probabilistic content among Pedagogy students, through different records obtained from the resolution of three activities involving probabilistic problems. Methodologically, an interpretative qualitative description was adopted, analyzing the responses and reflections of teachers in initial training expressed during the development of the proposed activities. This case study was carried out with a class composed of 14 academics studying the Degree in Pedagogy at a public university in the State of Pará, Brazil. The results indicate that the teaching of probability depends on the teacher's familiarity with the particularities of this content and recognition, by part of the student, of the subject covered, as well as the objects mobilized in the study. The analysis of the protocols, with the observation of the discussions carried out by the research subjects during the resolution of the probabilistic problems, allowed us to verify that the students had difficulties in converting the record from the fractional form to the decimal form or from the decimal form to the percentage. In this sense, it was found that students discuss the procedures studied when they can suggest other ways of organizing the situation presented. Therefore, the context in which the activity is structured needs to be able to receive interventions from the student and only after starting discussions on procedures and calculations to be developed.

Electrical characterization of Sn modified barium bismuth zirconate

BaBi4Sn4O15, a Sn-modified ceramic sample of layered ferroelectric oxide family, is developed using a high-temperature mixed oxide route after firing for calcination at 810 °C for 6 h in steps of 50 °C starting from 600 °C. An introductory XRD study of the compound displays the development of the new orthorhombic structured single-phase compound at atmospheric conditions. The electrical behaviors of the compound are investigated in a wide temperature span (30–500 °C) and frequencies ranging from 0.1 kHz to 1 MHz using an impedance analyzer. Dielectric behavior informs that the compound has a phase transition from Ferro to Paraelectric at 370 °C, which is well above room temperature. The impact of temperature and frequency on complex immittance parameters (impedance and modulus) is analyzed using an LCR meter in a broad temperature & frequency span. The electrical properties confirm; (a) the existence of semiconductor-like NTCR (negative temperature coefficients of resistance) behavior, (b) the evidence of the electric relaxation process as a function of temperature, (c) the existence of electric relaxation ascribed to the simultaneous contribution of bulk & bulk interfaces to the electrical behavior, and (d) presence of the non-Debye type relaxation phenomena. The frequency-dependent conductivity follows Jonscher’s universal power law.

A Library-Like Volume

The present review aims to present a volume published is 2022, the completion of a project launched nearly three decades earlier: The Dictionary of the 20th Century Central-European Novel (Iasi, Polirom Publishing, 755p.), compiled from 255 novel reading notes, coordinated by Adriana Bebeti, who is also the author of the extensive introductory study, which could have formed a book in itself. The members of the ‘Third Europe’ foundation (name which refers to an intermediary space between the East and the West, based on intersections and the recognition of constancies), literary researchers in Timisoara, as well as prominent figures of the national and international academic world participated in creating the dictionary. Central Europe appears as a cultural space with a chequered history, an unsettled world ruled by instability and devoid of security, but enriched by multiculturalism and multilingualism. The Dictionary of the 20th Century Central-European Novel may be regarded as a natural sequel to the anthology volumes in the ‘Third Europe’ series, coordinated bv Adriana Babeți and Cornel Ungureanu: Central Europe. Neuroses, Dilemmas, Utopias (1997) and Central Europe. Memory, Paradise, Apocalypse (1998). By its scientific rigour and compelling style, the dictionary proves to be not only a useful working tool for academics, researchers and students, but also a possible handbook for any student of literature.

Assessing Computer Literacy and Socioreligious Perspectives among First-Year Cadets in International Maritime Education at Maritime Institute Jakarta (STIP Jakarta)

This academic research delves into the critical examination of the computer literacy and socioreligious perspectives of first-year cadets enrolled in the International Maritime Education programme at Maritime Institute Jakarta (STIP Jakarta). The study focuses on 200 randomly selected cadets who represent a diverse range of cultural and linguistic backgrounds within Indonesia. As future global officers, these cadets are integral to the maritime sector's international landscape and are expected to communicate fluently in English, adhering to the standards set by the International Maritime Organization's International Maritime Education and Training (IMO-STCW) guidelines. The research is centred on the first semester cadets, freshly graduated from senior high school, enrolled in three majors: Nautical, Technical, and Port and Shipping Management. These majors collectively contribute to the production of qualified seamen, deck officers, and engine officers. The investigation employs qualitative research methods and descriptive analysis to comprehend the cadets' competences in computer literacy. The focal point is the introductory study of computer science and maritime technology tailored for the Nautical and Technical majors. Moreover, the research incorporates an examination of the socioreligious dimensions influencing the cadets' perspectives on their educational journey. Given that the cadets hail from diverse regions of Indonesia, they bring with them a rich tapestry of linguistic and cultural practices, utilising both Bahasa Indonesia and their traditional languages in their daily lives. The study aims to understand how these socioreligious factors intertwine with their academic pursuits and adherence to international standards. In conclusion, this research contributes to the broader discourse on maritime education by providing insights into the intersection of computer literacy, socioreligious perspectives, and international competencies among first-year cadets. The findings are expected to inform educational strategies and policies to better prepare cadets for the evolving demands of the global maritime industry.

„Tolna vármegye német községeit három csoportban meglátogatni szándékozom…”

The following report was written by György Steuer, Government Commissioner for Germans in Hungary (1922–1929) during his first year in office. His task at that time was to draw up proposals for the Prime Minister for the treatment of Germans in Hungary. The report on his tour in the German villages of the Völgység can be an important source on the local situation of the German village population in the early 1920s. Th e source provides us a kind of snapshot from below on the social and cultural conditions of the German villages of the district, furthermore, it give us insight on their mentality and local socio-political movements. We may see all of this, of course, through the lens worn by Steuer – honed to the focal points indicated in the introductory study. Seeing through Steuer’s eyes, it is also clear that, in addition to economic issues, the school question was at the centre of discussions during the visits of the government commissioners. Also, Steuer did not directly detect the presence of Reichsdeutsch (alldeutsch) in the municipalities, but only referred to it in general, unspecific remarks. Th is further shows how important it is to find sources and aspects of the study of Hungarian–German coexistence, that do not focus attention exclusively on the history of the confl icts, since these were not the fundamental determinants of the events of everyday life.

Developing a nutrition education model based on local wisdom for adolescents to prevent Stunting in the early stage: a preliminary study

Anemia among adolescents in Indonesia has increased since 2007 until now, as well as worldwide. Anemia had affected their growth and development, along with cognitive abilities, making them susceptible to infectious diseases. Cognitive ability is closely related to the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of adolescents as internal factors. This study was an introductory study in the development of nutrition education based on local wisdom for adolescents with anemia as early prevention. A qualitative study was conducted in October 2020 in Cirebon District, West Java. The participants consisted of 10 people (eight stakeholders and two experts). Data were collected through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with instruments as a guide in collecting information data. Data were recorded with the subject's consent, transcribed word for word, and analyzed based on the listed theme by the researcher. Results from the survey stated that using digital development 4,0 learning models will be applied through blended learning and integrated into students' extracurricular activities, using a variety of learning methods and media according to adolescents' development. Thus, this study involved various government sectors to apply the nutrition education model in schools through government policies. Furthermore, it may become a preventive measure for adolescents with anemia.

Environmental challenge of landslide in geothermal areas: an introductory study

Landslides in geothermal areas are one of the environmental challenges that are attributed to their volcanic and hydrothermal systems. However, the inventory of landslides in geothermal areas remains considerably limited. This may implicate pitfalls, where characterisation of historical events is an essential practice in disaster risk management. Accordingly, this exploratory study aims to characterise landslide events in 19 geothermal areas with historical landslides. This introductory study was sourced from electronic news, scientific publications, and authoritative institutions. The collected records were cross-examined and integrated into comparable attributes. The resulting characteristics display the physical features, environmental factors, and mitigation measures as follows: (1) landslides commonly occur in small to extremely large volumes. However, serious tolls may be caused even by small-to modest-sized landslides. (2) Landslides may not be preceded by triggering factors but by their gradually weakened environment. (3) Although there are scattered sources and unclear information related to underreported landslides and understudied mitigation, respective authorities conduct rapid measures following the landslide event. Correspondingly, it is highly recommended to further improve and establish a landslide inventory database in geothermal areas that constitutes a more comprehensive overview for better risk management.

Keterampilan Berbicara pada Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Siswa Kelas I SDN Bhayangkari

The purpose of this preliminary study is to explain how the teacher's role in improving the speaking skills of grade I students of SDN Bhayangkari. This research method is descriptive research. The research techniques used in this research are qualitative and quantitative. The implementation time of this introduction was carried out on October 25, 2022 until completion. This introductory study involved grade I students of SDN Bhayangkari and one teacher or homeroom teacher. The results of the observation showed that students were able to carry out speaking skills very well. From the test results, twenty students received excellent scores. The improvement of students' speaking skills has five roles of a teacher, namely the teacher motivates students' skills, the teacher as a facilitator, provides opportunities for students to perform, learning methods, and learning media that are suitable for improving students' speaking skills.

Környezet és humántudomány

Environmental Humanities has emerged as a discipline that seeks to explore aspects of ecological relations that have not been analysed (or are not possible to be analysed) by the natural sciences. ™The enquiry carried out in this particular field must be done by using the toolkit of the humanities in order to gain a better understanding of the current ecological problems. Th™e paper aims to provide an overview of this field of research with special attention to exploring its historical antecedents and presenting its basic philosophical concepts. It also identifies the most important publications of the field and refers to textbooks, studies, and the system of journals. ™is introductory study tries to open up the discourse on the possibilities offered by the humanities that can contribute to solving (or soothing) the above mentioned environmental issues.

FEATURES OF THE CREATION OF THE MACLURA TRICUSPIDATA (CARRIÈRE) BUREAU COLLECTION PLANTING IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE KHOROL BOTANICAL GARDEN

An introductory study of Maclura tricuspidata (Carrière) Bureau in the Khorol Botanical Garden is shown. It is singled out as an important stage of the creation of a collection plantation, which is used to establish the degree of stability of the species in new conditions of growth and the prospects of its distribution and cultivation both in the research region – in the Poltava Region, and in the natural and climatic zone - the Forest Steppe of Ukraine.
 It is noted that in the process of developing plants, seeds soaked for one day were sown in a nursery with a substrate of one part of the soil and two parts of river sand, where the soil fertility was about 40%, and the growth during the growing season was 15–20 cm. After growing, the seedlings were grafted by the method of improved copulation and split into the varieties ‘Che Seedless’, ‘Norris’ and pollinator. Grafting was done in the root neck, which allowed the seedling to be transplanted to a permanent place of growth in a botanical garden with a depth of 15 cm at the site of grafting into the soil in order to preserve varietal characteristics in case of loss of the aerial part of the plant due to damage by frost with critical sub-zero temperatures for the species.
 The expediency of protecting the root system from the effects of low temperatures in the cold season, when the lower part of young plants and the circle around the stem are covered with a thick layer of fallen leaves, and with this agrotechnical method, the soil around the root system does not freeze to depth, which has a positive effect on the state of wintering - plants do not freeze.
 For visual identification by external features of the M. tricuspidata samples available in the collection, photofixation of the leaves, linear measurements of the leaf blade and spines as lateral elements of the shoot, and description of the shape of the leaf blade were made.
 In this way, a collection plantation of M. tricuspidata was established using the varieties of foreign selection ‘Che Seedless’, ‘Norris’, their pollinator and seedling form. Further enrichment of the collection with a variety of introductory material will contribute to the successful implementation of selection research tasks on the selection of local resistant forms.

Study on the Transition to True North in Air Navigation

The paper is an introductory study on the possible transition from Magnetic North reference to True North reference in air navigation, as envisaged by the International Association of Institutes of Navigation’s AHRTAG Group. The use of the Magnetic Field of the Earth as a direction reference in aviation is explained briefly. Magnetic North is an unstable and irregular directional reference that aviation manages well, but with significant costs. The unpredictability and uncertainties of the Magnetic Field of the Earth might be critical in the future, especially in the case of reversal of the magnetic poles, or incipient reversal. The paper puts forward the case for calculating the probability of such a catastrophic event, with a view to engaging further expert research in the geomagnetic phenomena. The purpose of such a probability estimate would be for the aviation decision makers to determine whether contingency planning might be required or not. Furthermore, the paper analyses the adoption of True North in maritime navigation as a possible model.

Evaluating the Impact of Cross Border Tourism and People to People Contact on the Regional Cooperation in South Asia: A Study of India and Bangladesh

ABSTRACT In these early decades of the 21st century, one of the most severe difficulties facing citizens worldwide is the task of peacefully coexisting with others in all spheres of personal and public life. This study explores whether cross-border tourism enhances the regional cooperation between the two South Asian countries of India and Bangladesh. The mediating role of people-to-people contact is also investigated. A total of 265 completed questionnaire sets, using convenient sampling, were collected through an online survey. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) approach were used to put the suggested model through its steps and provide empirical support for the hypotheses. The results indicate that the expansion of cross-border tourism, bilateral trade, and people-to-people contact between India and Bangladesh has a favorable effect on their cross-border cooperation. The findings also show that cooperation between the countries is attributed to people-to-people contact in combination with cross-border tourism. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is an introductory study to uncover the vital significance of cross-border tourism in bridging the nations through cross-border tourism by incorporating people-to-people contact. The findings have ramifications for policymakers, planners, and government authorities attempting to enhance people-to-people communication for improved diplomatic connections.

Application of the Global Reporting Initiative Standards and Sustainability Disclosure Performance: An Analysis of the Largest Chinese Companies Listed in Hong Kong

Abstract In the wake of rising demand for corporate social responsibility, international organizations have been set up for establishing sustainability reporting standards. The standards issued by the global reporting initiative (‘GRI’) have become the most prevalently referred to sustainability reporting standards across the globe. Even though some research studies have investigated the impact of applying the GRI Standards on sustainability reporting performance, few studies have focused on companies listed in Hong Kong, an international financial center. The purpose of this article is to examine the extent to which Hong Kong-listed companies have applied the GRI Standards and how such practice has affected their sustainability disclosure quality. As an introductory study on this subject in Hong Kong, the current research focuses on the 100 largest Hong Kong-listed Chinese companies. This study shows that the rate of applying the GRI Standards among the sample companies has fluctuated in a narrow range over the past five years, and the sustainability reporting performance of companies which apply the GRI Standards outperformed their peers not applying the GRI Standards. Furthermore, the results indicate that government ownership and industry have an impact on the sample companies’ preference for referring to the GRI Standards.

Pengaruh Arus Kas, Laba, Arus Kas Investasi, Arus Kas Operasi dan Arus Kas Pendanaan (Literature Review Manajemen Keuangan)

An investor in investing always expects high stock returns. Therefore, investors must be able to assess which companies have good performance. Stock returns are a matter of great concern to investors considering the level of profit that investors will enjoy from their investments. Financial reports, especially those related to information on changes in cash flows, accounting profit, investment cash flows, funding flows and operating cash flows are important information that investors can use to assess company performance. This study aims to determine whether the information for investors to make investment decisions is reflected in the stock returns to be obtained. This study is also intended to determine which performance measures have the most significant influence on stock returns. Information that is often used by investors in considering investment decisions in increasing stock returns is net income, cash flow, funding and operating cash flow. Writing this article aims to build a hypothesis of the influence between variables to be used in further research. This article discusses the effect of stocks on cash flow, accounting profit, operating cash flow, investment cash flow and funding cash flow, an introductory literature study on financial management.

Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Current Ratio, Debt Equity Ratio, Debt Asset Ratio, Dan Perputaran Modal Kerja Terhadap Return On Asset

Previous research or relevant research is very important in a research or scientific article. Previous research serves to strengthen the theory and phenomenon of the relationship or influence between returns on assets. This article reviews the factors that influence the current ratio, debt equity ratio, and debt asset ratio in an introductory financial management literature study. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the disclosure of Return on Assets, namely: current ratio, debt equity ratio, debt-asset ratio, and working capital turnover. Samples were selected using purposive sampling method and samples that met the criteria. This study uses the classical assumption test, model feasibility test, multiple regression analysis and statistical t test. These results indicate that the variable current ratio and debt equity ratio have an effect on return on assets, while the debt-asset ratio and working capital turnover variable have no effect on return on assets.