Introduction Of New Technologies Research Articles

THE NEED TO INTRODUCE DIGITAL PASSPORTS FOR INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

In the modern world, in order to produce competitive products, it is no longer enough to remain at the same level. Modern challenges of the economy involve the introduction of new technologies in the production process, ensuring the introduction of new technological solutions, the process of managing the industrial and human potential of the organization. To this end, the national project «Digital Transformation» is being implemented, the implementation of which is ensured by the Strategy for Digital Transformation of the Manufacturing Industries. As part of this strategy, industrial enterprises create a digital passport, which should ensure the process of monitoring innovation activities, the timely provision of the necessary state support, as well as the exchange of modern advanced technologies for digital transformation. On the GISP information portal, the Ministry of Industry and Trade will monitor and analyze import substitution and the implementation of the best available domestic solutions, assess the level of digitalization and publish information on best practices and advanced solutions. The use of a digital passport will allow enterprises to receive additional funding for the production of new competitive and high-precision products. The need to create a digital passport and a common digitalization system is obvious, however, it will take a lot of time and effort to implement the project. The article provides a rationale for the main aspects of the introduction of modern technologies.

Evaluation of economic efficiency of introduction of the acoustic freezing process in the frozen meals production

The present article presents an evaluation of economic efficiency of the introduction of meals acoustic freezing. Based on the initial data, like the amount of investments, the volume of products and the main competitive advantages of the technology under consideration, the main economic indicators were calculated. It has been proved that the introduction of new technology will increase the organization’s revenue due to its capability to increase the selling prices for frozen meals with new quality properties. The profitability of the new production line accounted for 11%. The payback period for implementation of this technical solution will be less than 2.5 years. It has been proved that the technology of meals freezing with application of acoustic effects is cost-effective.

Factors influencing sustainable employment of persons with acquired brain injury (ABI) or spinal cord injury (SCI): A qualitative study evaluating the perspective of health and work professionals.

The number of persons with acquired brain injury (ABI) or spinal cord injury (SCI) who leave the labor market early despite successfully return to work post-injury, demonstrates the challenge for them to remain employed. Evidence on how enabling and hindering factors influence daily work across the lifespan and how they affect employment-related services is scarce. Professionals directly involved in work integration can add to this evidence through their experiential knowledge. To identify and explore the factors that enable or hinder sustainable employment for persons with ABI or SCI from the perspective of health and work professionals. We conducted 23 semi-structured interviews with professionals in Switzerland, directly involved in work reintegration and retention of persons with ABI or SCI. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed. Participants identified three main themes related to the concept of "sustainable employment". First, the value and impact of initial work integration; an early, multidisciplinary, person-centered work integration, with the early involvement of employers is ideal. A good match between the worker and the workplace is sought. Second, critical factors for long-term sustainable work: the main risks for persons with ABI are changing supervisors, workplace restructuring and the introduction of new technologies, while deteriorating health and the occurrence of secondary health problems are the greatest risk for persons with SCI. Third, the relevance of knowledge, experience and attitudes of professionals; Knowledge of the consequences of an ABI or SCI, the legal basis and the social security process, and the attitude of professionals towards the injured worker were considered important. From the professional's perspective, enabling and hindering factors for sustainable employment in the long-term are fundamentally very similar for persons with ABI and SCI. But different physical, mental and neuropsychological effects call for individually adapted measures. While persons with SCI primarily require ongoing medical care, conscious management of changes in the workplace is critical for persons with ABI. For both groups, an easily accessible counseling and support service should be established for work-threatening problems in the long-term. Furthermore, diagnosis-specific training programs for professionals of employment-related services and disability management should be developed.

Features of the Model of Control and Supervisory Activities in the Context of Public Administration Development Mechanisms in Russia: Constitutional Law Context

The analysis made it possible to identify a number of current features of the Russian model of control and supervisory activities that are significant in the context of constitutional law. The first involves building a modern domestic model of control and supervisory activities based on a fully updated legislative foundation. The second includes the focus on the full-fledged formation of the service and partner model of control and supervisory activities (in fact, it acts as generic feature defining the meaning and having value-semantic, axiological significance and explained through a whole group of interrelated features of the Russian model of regulation and development of control and supervisory activities). The third means expanding the use of a risk-based approach as one of central principles of organization of control and supervisory activities (a full-fledged interested feedback from business and the expert community constitutes an invaluable tool in determining risks). The fourth refers to the focus on the priority of a preventive approach in implementation of control and supervisory activities (non-responding to the damage caused, but a proactive position, expressed in ensuring prevention of any possible damage to protected values; it serves as a priority and deserves further development of mechanisms facilitating its broad implementation). The fifth means active digitalization of control and supervisory activities and ensuring openness (accessibility) of information. The sixth involves constant focus on the introduction of new technologies and approaches to organizing control and supervisory activities. The author demonstrates a number of important steps that are advisable to encourage positive development of the features of the domestic model. It is emphasized that at the new stage of the reform of state control (supervision) and municipal control, development of new scientifically and practically grounded approaches to the implementation of specific mechanisms and tools that will result in uncovering the potential of the partner and service model of control and supervisory activities in the Russian Federation will be in great demand.

Review of Responsiveness and Sustainable Concepts in Cellular Manufacturing Systems

Cellular manufacturing systems are widely used due to their advantageous capability of combining the flexibility of the job-shop and the productivity of the flow-shop. In recent years, the reduction of the product life cycle, variation in demand products, and introduction of new technologies, have driven the manufacturing companies to improve responsiveness, thus reducing the cellular manufacturing life cycle with a focus on re-designing the cells. Another issue concerns the sustainability of the manufacturing systems due to the introduction of energy costs in the design model of cellular manufacturing systems. This study is an overview of the more recent works on design approaches to improve the responsiveness and the models to support the sustainability of cellular manufacturing systems. The analysis of the literature review highlights the main findings and suggests future development paths considering the open problems in this field.

Analysis of the state of the tourism and recreation sphere of the northern territory and the direction of its sustainable development (on the example of the Nizhnevartovsk Municipal District of the Khanty-Mansiysky Autonomous Region – Yugra)

Subject of research: the state of the tourist and recreational sphere of the Nizhnevartovsk region of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug Yugra.
 Purpose of research: to develop promising areas for the sustainable development of the tourism industry in the northern territory in the face of reduced competition from foreign operators and the closure of external destinations.
 Methods and objects of research: statistical, comparative, strategic analysis were used as the main methods of scientific research.
 Main results of research: the conclusions based on the results of the assessment of the tourist and recreational sphere of the Nizhnevartovsk region are to identify positive aspects and problems of the development of the industry, develop directions for the sustainable development of tourism in the Nizhnevartovsk region: modernize the existing infrastructure (including roadside infrastructure), improve the quality of services provided, stimulate the growth of the number of investment projects in this area; digitalization of the industry, the introduction of new technologies and the promotion of the regional tourism product to the district and interregional market.

The Enterprise's Willingness to Use Remote Monitoring Technology Under the Background of Green Operation and Service-Oriented Manufacturing

The current development of remote monitoring technology (RMT) has become increasingly mature. The key to implementing this technology lies in the user's willingness to use it. In order to study the influencing factors of using RMT in green operation and service-oriented manufacturing enterprises, based on organizational behavior, this exploration discusses the reasons that affect the introduction of new technologies into enterprises from the perspectives of perceived risk, conformity and technology acceptance. Moreover, a series of data is obtained through the questionnaire and the results are obtained by analyzing the data. Suggestions to improve the use of RMT in enterprises are put forward. The results show that technology itself, external environment and organizational characteristics can all affect the decision-making of enterprises on new technology.

Хирургическая коррекция стрессового недержания мочи: множество способов при отсутствии стандартной техники

Stress urinary incontinence is a common pathology among middle-aged and older women that significantly reduces the quality of life. According to numerous data, despite the introduction of new technologies in the surgery for stress urinary incontinence, the results of treatment remain unsatisfactory, and addressing the problem of urinary incontinence in women is still one of the priority tasks in modern urogynecology. The article presents general information about the causes of this condition, ultrasound diagnostic approach, advantages and disadvantages of sling operations as the most common method of surgery for stress urinary incontinence. Technical specifications for synthetic sling placement are discussed. Key words: treatment, sling tension, stress urinary incontinence

Improving the accounting and categorization of tools of agriculture in the conditions of economic modernization

The integration of a country into the global economy necessitates the production of products that conform to international standards. Achieving this requires the modernization of production processes, the introduction of new technologies, and the re-equipment of facilities. The data presented reveals that during the period of 2018-2022, JSC “GALLA-ALTEG” incurred significant expenses due to the write-off of fixed assets that were rendered unusable, which amounted to 25% of the total fixed assets. The joint-stock company also accumulated unused capital assets, which exceeded 1% of the total fixed assets. To address this issue, the company invested 74% of its main equipment budget to purchase and lease new equipment, replacing outdated machinery. Notably, in 2022, the company acquired a new grain processing technology, worth 9,770,353 thousand sums, resulting in increased production of high-quality, cost-effective products. This modernization has proven to be a wise investment, leading to a reduction of production costs by 15%.

The Impact of Technological Innovation on Dentistry.

Technology has revolutionized the way dentists are able to treat their patients. These technological advances have paved the way for the creation of virtual patient models utilizing these 3-dimensional intra-oral patient models, cone bean computer tomography (CBCT) radiograph scans, extraoral 3-dimensional scans, and jaw motion tracings to create a patient-specific model. These models are advantageous in planning surgical treatments by providing 3-dimensional views of vital anatomical structures to accurately identify the location, size, and shape of a structure or defect in order to plan accordingly. Virtual augmentation of either hard tissue (bone) and/or soft tissue (i.e., gingiva) can also be accomplished.Technology has allowed the capture of the dynamic motions of the jaw and combined them with the virtual patient to develop permanent restorations in harmony with the patient's orofacial complex. With the introduction of new technology in the realm of digital dentistry, patient care is being brought to a new and higher level. This creates a level of more optimal care that a dentist can deliver to patients.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ СИСТЕМ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ ТА ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

Digital transformations in the economy are rapid in nature and affect all its components and cause changes in almost all business processes, including managerial ones. This article examines the impact of digitalization and innovation on enterprise management systems. The prerequisites for the transformation of management systems in modern conditions have been defined and the prospects for carrying out these changes have been established. The authors analyzed theoretical approaches to management in the conditions of digitalization and identified the main principles on which modern management systems should be based: flexibility and adaptability; innovativeness and creativity; digital transformation and data analysis; focusing on customer needs; teamwork and a horizontal approach in management; continuous training and development of personnel. In the process of research, a number of problems related to the transformation of these systems were identified, in particular: insufficient qualification of personnel; lack or limited financial resources; insufficient management support and integration with existing systems; non-acceptance of planned changes by the company's personnel; imperfect organization of the implementation process, etc. The authors also proposed ways to solve these problems and described the role of technology in increasing the efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises. The article describes subsystems that are components of modern management systems and proved their effectiveness, as well as an algorithm for the transformation of these systems in the conditions of digitalization, and innovative development of enterprises is proposed. The tools for implementing relevant changes are: automation of business processes, introduction of new technologies, construction of digital communication channels with clients, data integration, creation of an innovative culture at the enterprise, ets. Identified the fact that process of building modern management systems, requires problem-oriented approach, the constant updating and improvement of digital technologies and the growth of opportunities for virtualization of business processes. The authors of the article made the conclusion about the importance and necessity of improving management systems in modern conditions and outlined directions for further development of the researched issue.

Mathematical model of collision process of seeder coulter with stones

The article presents the results of scientific-theoretical research on the development of mathematical modeling of the process of collision of the seeder coulter with stones and the introduction of new technologies for sowing seeds of agricultural crops on stony soils to improve the performance of seeding units.

Особливості формування системи реінжинірингу бізнес-процесів підприємств з використанням цифрових технологій

The article researches the processes of reengineering business processes of enterprises, as well as the digital transformation of business processes, its role and importance in the activity of the enterprise, consideration and practical application of approaches to their optimization and reengineering. Reengineering is defined as a fundamental rethinking and restructuring of a business to improve important indicators such as cost, quality, service level, speed of work, finance, marketing, information system construction, etc. The formulated goal of reengineering, which is that all sides of the business work efficiently and the entire system of interactions is designed to achieve maximum effect. It should be noted that business process reengineering is the most fundamental and consists of four business process improvement methods. It is also often referred to as process innovation because its success depends largely on the innovation and creativity of the process improvement team. The main factors that can lead to the successful implementation of reengineering are identified, namely: management readiness for changes, understanding and faith in the final result, as well as a reasonable assessment of the risks associated with the implementation of the program. The digital transformation of business processes is considered, which can become an important step in increasing business efficiency and competitiveness. In particular, digital transformation can help an enterprise reduce costs, improve efficiency and product quality, establish interaction and cooperation between different departments and employees, and ensure competitiveness in the market. The content and optimization process of business process reengineering when applying digital transformation at the enterprise was formed, which involves not only the introduction of new technologies, but also the revision and optimization of outdated business processes.

Торгово-экономические и научно-технические связи США и СССР в годы разрядки (Обзор российских исследований 1972–2022 гг.)

Russian historians, political scientists and experts in the field of international relations theory have been developing the topic of interaction between the USSR and the USA in the economic, scientific and technical field during the years of detente in bilateral relations for 50 years. Nevertheless, to date, the experience of working together within the framework of a large-scale research agenda in various fields of science, accumulated by scientists of the two countries, has not been properly evaluated. This review attempts to assess the place of these contacts in the structure of the Soviet-American detente and to characterize the main stages of the evolution in Russian historiography of this problem. An important provision for understanding the specifics of the scientific and technical context of the Soviet-American detente is that the differences in approaches of Moscow and Washington to the formation of bilateral relations as a whole were most clearly manifested in this very direction. The obvious discrepancy between the goals of the parties, as well as their different understanding of the essence of detente as a special state of bilateral relations, led to the fact that its results were limited, and the process itself was short. A cross-cutting, unifying element of Russian research on this topic for almost 50 years has been the fixation on the opened but missed opportunities for scientific and technical cooperation between superpowers during the period of relative warming of relations. This motive does not allow us to explain why, against the background of somewhat inflated expectations of Soviet politicians and intellectuals, American and European contemporaries pointed out the USSR lagging behind in the development and introduction of new technologies into production in the second half of the 1970s, and, as a result, its vulnerable position in the bargaining process. The question is left unanswered as well: should the temporary rise of the U.S.–Soviet economic, scientific and technical cooperation be considered a natural stage in the development of international relations, or was it a historical anomaly, an optional by-product of the Cold War? It is noted that each stage of the development of Russian historiography was associated with the expansion of the source base, however, since the publication of the last major works in the 1990s – early 2000s, access to available documentary resources on this subject has significantly expanded. The authors conclude that new archival documents, as well as the increasing role of high technologies and breakthrough discoveries in the modern foreign policy process, encourage additional study on the problems of bilateral American-Soviet scientific and technological cooperation in the 1970s.

KAZAKHSTAN AND CHINA IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC OIL AND GAS COOPERATION

This article analyzes the project and investment participation of Chinese companies in the oil and gas industry of Kazakhstan, with special attention paid to the development of economic cooperation and energy dialogue between the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). The risks, prospects for the development of the energy dialogue and its impact on economic cooperation are identified. The article reflects the current state of oil and gas companies with the participation of Chinese capital in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the prospects and risks of attracting Chinese investment in the industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan are identified. Mutual desire to maintain stability and geographical proximity have become prerequisites for close strategic relations between the two countries. In conclusion, the result of the infusion of Chinese investments into the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan is noted, this is a contribution to GDP, exports of goods, employment of the population. Chinese investments create jobs. Cooperation between Chinese companies and partners of the Republic of Kazakhstan contributes to the introduction of new technologies, knowledge and practices.

Анализ структуры рынка сельскохозяйственного машиностроения в контексте политики поддержки АПК

One of the factors in the growth of productivity in the agricultural sector is the development of agricultural engineering. The need for import substitution and the introduction of new technologies indicate the need to change industrial policies in the field of agricultural engineering. One of the factors for increasing the effectiveness of industrial policy is the use of sectoral structural analysis. The authors refined the system of indicators for assessing the industry market based on the analysis of dynamic indicators. To conduct an empirical study, a sample of agricultural engineering enterprises for 2000-2020 was formed. Industry analysis was carried out on the basis of coefficient and statistical analysis. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the substantiation of the model of the relationship between sectoral competitive analysis and industrial policy measures. The proposed theoretical model shows that the system of industrial policy measures and their effectiveness directly depend on the market structure. Based on a consistent analysis of the relationship between industrial policy and the structural analysis of the industry, the stages of sectoral structural analysis were formulated and a model for the formation of industrial policy in the industry market was proposed. It is shown that a «buyer’s market» has formed in the industry, while the industry is investment unattractive. Directions for adjusting industrial policy in the field of agricultural engineering were determined: reducing information asymmetry and stimulating demand for agricultural machinery. The proposed model for the formation of the state industrial policy is not exhaustive but can be considered as complementing the already established model of supporting domestic agricultural engineering.

КОНЦЕПЦІЯ ПРОГРАМУВАННЯ ТРЕНУВАЛЬНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ СПОРТСМЕНІВ

The modern system of training athletes is conditioned by the development and introduction of new technologies into the training process, on the basis of which purposeful training effects are carried out. The purpose of the researchis to develop conceptualprovisions for programming the training process of athletes in the annual macrocycle based on a systematic analysis. Research methods: analysis and generalization of literary sources and Internet data, hypothesis and assumptions, historical method, systematic approach. Research results and conclusions. On the basis of theoretical research methods, the concept of programming of training process athletes in the macrocycle has been developed. The concept is determined by: the calendar of competitions, target settings, phased development of sports form. In accordance with this, programs of structural formations of the training process are developed. The development of these programs is determined by the components of training effects, which allows for the purposeful formation of immediate, delayed and cumulative training effects. Programs of structural formations of the training process are developed in a hierarchical sequence - from individual training tasks to the macrocycle.

Mammalian embryo culture media: now and into the future

For over 70 years, since the culture of the first mammalian embryo in vitro, scientists have undertaken studies to devise and optimise media to support the manipulation and culture of gametes and embryos. This area of research became especially active in the late 1970s onwards following the successful birth of the first human in vitro fertilised embryo. This review summarises some of the key advances in mammalian embryo culture media over time based on a greater understanding of the biochemical milieu of the reproductive tract. It highlights how learnings from studies in mice and agricultural species have informed human culture media compositions, in particular the inclusion of albumin, growth factors, cytokines, and antioxidants into contemporary culture media formulations, and how these advances may then in turn help to inform and guide development of in vitro culture systems used in other arenas, in particular agriculture. Additionally, it will highlight how the introduction of new technologies, such as timelapse, can influence current trends in media composition and usage that may see a return to a single step medium.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ДЕТЕРМІНАНТ ВПЛИВУ НА МЕХАНІЗМ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ КРИПТОВАЛЮТ В УМОВАХ СВІТОВОЇ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ НЕВИЗНАЧЕНОСТІ

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the determinants affecting the mechanism of functioning of cryptocurrencies in the context of global economic uncertainty. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the history, essence and mechanism of functioning of cryptoassets, and also examines the principle of Blockchain technology and the process of cryptocurrency mining. It is found that the profitability of mining is assessed taking into account such factors as electricity costs, hardware requirements and remuneration for mining, which provides valuable information about the economic feasibility of this activity. The authors analyze the main cryptocurrencies and their capitalization, and identify the main trends in the crypto markets. Based on the foundation of understanding the basic mechanics of cryptocurrencies, the study identifies and examines the key determinants that affect their functioning. Thus, internal and external factors of influence on cryptocurrencies were identified. The former include supply and demand, while the latter include economic, macrofinancial, political, technological, and social factors. The analysis of these factors revealed a complex network of influences that shape the cryptocurrency market, emphasizing the interaction between global economic uncertainty and the behavior of digital assets. It was found that while traditional assets can lose their stability in times of global instability, interest in the digital currencies under study is growing rapidly, and the introduction of new technologies allows to eliminate the existing weaknesses of cryptocurrencies. To ensure an exhaustive determination of the determinants of action, the chronology of events and news that affected the cryptocurrency market from 2018 to 2023 was studied. This visual representation made it possible to identify key changes in the development vector, including: the actions of the US Federal Reserve System, the war in Ukraine (which provoked a number of crises) and stricter regulation of Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies in general. Conclusions are drawn about the need to expand the analysis of the impact of the regulatory framework on the cryptocurrency market and to develop a comprehensive methodology for assessing the factors that affect cryptocurrencies. Keywords: cryptocurrencies, global economic uncertainty, determinants, factors, Bitcoin, Blockchain.

Asset Administration Shell as an interoperable enabler of Industry 4.0 software architectures: a case study

In recent years, the discipline of Digital Transformation in manufacturing companies turned out to be a hot topic of research debate, which allowed the design and introduction of new technologies and tools able to exploit the potential of the data produced by the shop floor assets. This increased interest in data generation and management has however highlighted a crucial issue about the lack of standardised models and structures to share these data and ensure interoperability. Among the several concepts proposed by the recent initiatives devoted to solving or mitigating this issue, Asset Administration Shell (AAS) is increasing in popularity, given its potential in providing standardised and modular information about the assets and events represented. This paper deals with a demonstration of the easiness of integration of AAS in pre-existing software architecture, allowing higher flexibility and a better understanding of the ongoing processes: a production line has been indeed entirely represented with modular AAS metamodels and it has been used to feed a Digital Model representing the line configuration. The use case proposed proves the effectiveness of the obtained solution when used for virtual commissioning operations.