Introduction Of Intelligent Transport Systems Research Articles

ПОДХОД К ОЦЕНКЕ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ И ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЭФФЕКТОВ ОТ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ

A methodology for assessing the socio-economic and environmental effects from the introduction of intelligent transport systems is described, a distinctive feature of which is the consideration of dynamic forecasting of indicators

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ТРАНСПОРТНЫМИ ПОТОКАМИ НА МАГИСТРАЛЬНОЙ УЛИЦЕ В Г. ПАВЛОВСК

Today, on the scale of small and medium-sized cities, there are certain problems associated with the introduction of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). Despite the existence of the same transport problems that characterize all cities in the Russian Federation today without exception, in cities with a low population size the introduction of new traffic management tools is not fully implemented, which is primarily due to the economic component of this type of activity. In such a case, a necessary measure is to develop alternative methods and approaches to eliminate existing traffic problems. In order to consider the traffic situation in one of the problematic areas of the city with a low population size, a study of the main street was carried out and measures to improve the management efficiency were proposed, taking into account the economic component.

The Digital Revolution of the Transportation Industry

The article points out that the digital transformation of transport refers to the transition to electronic document management, the introduction of intelligent transport systems and vehicles, the implementation of the «single window» mechanism and digital logistics. The article concludes that the implementation of the goals of digitalization will require large-scale integration of Internet technologies in the transport industry, which will ultimately improve the quality of transportation and reduce its costs.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ НА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНЫМИ СИСТЕМАМИ

The article discusses the issues of introducing innovative technologies into the railway management system. The object of the study is the efficiency of management of railway systems. The subject of the research is innovative technologies and their impact on the effectiveness of railway systems management. The purpose of the work is to conduct a theoretical analysis of the impact of innovations on the efficiency of railway systems management and, using the example of large foreign railway systems, to determine the main factors of innovation efficiency. The scientific novelty of the presented work lies in the analysis of foreign experience in the development of effective management tools for railway systems in the context of innovation. The paper concludes that the future of the railway industry directly depends on the degree of its digitalization and technologization, the introduction of intelligent transport systems and active integration into the global space of innovative development.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ ГОРОДСКОЙ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ПУТЕМ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ АДАПТИВНЫХ СИСТЕМ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ДОРОЖНЫМ ДВИЖЕНИЕМ

The article is devoted to the prospects of improving the quality of traffi c in the junction of the urban street and road network through the introduction of intelligent transport systems, especially automatic traffi c control systems (ATCS). The paper analyzes the problems of implementing intelligent transport systems in urban conditions, taking into account the current regulatory framework. The classifi cation of local automated traffi c control systems according to the adaptability of traffi c light regulation to the changing parameters of traffi c fl ows is given. For the decision of a problem of practicability of introduction of ACSDS, the technique including construction of imitation models for more exact forecasting of eff ect of introduction of local ACSDS on the considered site of an urban street-road network is off ered. The application of the methodology is demonstrated on the example of the intersection of Engels Avenue and Suzdal Avenue in St. Petersburg. Two variants of the organization of control of phases of traffi c light objects are analyzed: static and adapted according to the time of day. The infl uence of ADCS implementation on average speed of vehicles and characteristics of traffi c jams in the junction in question was estimated based on simulation modeling in PTV Vissim. In accordance with the analysis, the prospects of introducing adaptive local ACSDS in the considered transport junction are described

Methodological Approaches to Providing State Support for Development of Public Urban Passenger Transport

The article, based on the analysis of the existing methods for selection of constituent entities of the Russian Federation to be provided with federal support in modernization of the rolling stock of public urban passenger transport and introduction of intelligent transport systems within the framework of the national project «Safe and High-Quality Highways», highlights main approaches and principles used by the federal authorities as guidelines when making decision on the public state support of the activity planned by the regions in the field of urban transport development. The adequacy of these approaches is considered for cases when state support for public urban passenger transport should be provided on an emergency basis (in particular, under the conditions of a sharp decrease in passenger traffic and ticket revenue due to anti-epidemic measures), proposals are formulated to update these approaches.

Digital Twins in the Intelligent Transport Systems

Traffic management problems in any city are acute. Previously, this problem was solved by control centers, now such centers require modernization based on digital twins and artificial intelligence. The introduction of Intelligent Transport Systems allows solving the main problems of the transport network and effectively developing it. In this article, the cases of ITS implementation are analyzed, a reference model of the services of such a system is developed.

Prospects and opportunities for using foreign experience for the development of intellectual transportation systems in Ukraine

The study aims to determine the prospects and possibilities of using foreign experience for the development of intelligent transport systems in Ukraine. The article deals with the history of the emergence of intelligent transport systems in the world. We have investigated the prerequisites and promising directions for developing the global market of intelligent transport systems: traffic management, road safety, and supervision; cargo management; automotive telematics; parking management; automated vehicles. The main players in the field of business in this market have been identified. It is systematized for the adaptation of countries that are developing due to the features of the European ITS architecture, the US ITS architecture, the Japanese national ITS architecture, which are designed to improve the lives of citizens. Variants of using information and navigation systems in the framework of European projects on the example of cities are proposed. In the example of the European Union, the stages of implementation of the ITS architecture are considered, and how this affects the congestion of roads in large cities. The creation of a unified architecture of ITS allows you to control: the level of transport safety in transport and road traffic; energy consumption and environmental impact; networks of logistics systems for passenger service and cargo handling; management of transport, road construction, and repair works, parking places, collection of road tolls, equipment for improving personal services of road users. We have substantiated the necessity of using an integrated approach to improve the digitalization and intellectualization of transport systems, taking into account their advantages and disadvantages, has been substantiated. Conceptual approaches to the digitization of transport are generalized, closely related to logistics IT systems and the network of local roads. The theoretical basis of the level of intellectualization of the Ukrainian transport systems in comparison with foreign ones has been studied, the expediency of the possibility of developing this sphere in Ukraine with the implementation of the project "Transparent infrastructure" has been proved. The organizational and economic principles of the use of intelligent transport systems of the countries of the world for solving a wide range of problems have been determined: transmission of information in real-time for travelers, namely, traffic schedules, information on delays; entrance fee for the passage of vehicles to the area of the city; accident management; an electronic collection of duties. The legislative framework and the National Transport Strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030 are considered. The real results of the development of transport systems that are already being implemented in Ukrainian cities are displayed. A network of "smart roads" will be built in Ukraine. To implement this task, high-quality fiber-optic communications are needed, which will pass along the roads, which will allow the introduction of intelligent transport systems. The use of the world's leading experience in the implementation of intelligent transport systems is strategic for Ukraine, determines its competitiveness in the world market, and meets the requirements of integrating the national transport network into the Trans-European transport network.

Definition of perspective scheme of organization of traffic using methods of forecasting and modeling

In the environment of highly developed urban agglomerations, one of the main problems arises - inability of the road network to reach a high level of motorization. The introduction of intelligent transport systems allows solving this problem, but the main issue in their implementation remains open: to what extent this or that method of improving the transport network will be effective and whether it is able to solve the problem of vehicle growth especially for the long-term period. The main goal of this work was the development of an approach to forecasting the increase in the intensity of traffic flow for a long-term period using the population and the level of motorization. The developed approach made it possible to determine the projected population and, taking into account the level of motorization, to determine the growth factor of the traffic flow intensity, which allows calculating the intensity value for a long-term period with high accuracy. The analysis of the main methods for predicting the characteristics of the transport stream is performed. The basic values and parameters necessary for their use are established. The analysis of the urban settlement is carried out and the level of motorization characteristic for the given locality is determined. A new approach to predicting the intensity of the traffic flow has been developed, which makes it possible to predict the change in the transport situation in the long term in high accuracy. Calculations of the magnitude of the intensity increase on the basis of the developed forecasting method are made and the errors in the data obtained are determined. The main recommendations on the use of the developed forecasting approach for the long-term functioning of the road network are formulated.

Algorithm for Risk Assessment in the Introduction of Intelligent Transport Systems Facilities

Abstract Introduction of intelligent transport systems (ITS) facilities is a complex and time consuming process. It requires developing various ITS architectures, a clear definition of tasks (needs of the user) and compilation of databases. In order to avoid negative results of introduction of ITS projects, a new approach in designing ITS, taking into account all possible risks of each stage of designing and introducing ITS facilities, becomes a priority. The paper proposes an algorithm for risk assessment during introduction of ITS projects. A risk management system is required for identification, grouping and analysis of major risks of ITS, as well as for developing the ways to mitigate possible risks.

ВНЕДРЕНИЕ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫХ ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СИСТЕМ (ИТС) В РФ

The article presents some of the most urgent problems of the country´s transport infrastructure, and one of the ways to solve them, the main advantages of the introduction of intelligent transport systems in the Russian Federation in relation to road transport, also presented the priority goals and objectives of the ITS and their impact on the needs of society and the economy.

Methodology for Field Operational Tests of Automated Vehicles

Over the past decade a large number of Field Operational Tests (FOT) have been conducted to test Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) in real traffic conditions with thousands of drivers. In order to ensure scientifically sound studies a FOT methodology was developed in the FESTA project. Currently we are on the brink of a new series of large scale FOTs, testing automated and autonomous vehicles. A common FOT methodology serves the following purposes: (1) to ensure that a systematic and scientific approach is taken by FOTs, (2) to enable the assessment of the impact of large-scale introduction of ITS on safety, mobility, efficiency and environment, (3) to be able to compare results of different FOTs, and (4) to build a community and facilitate knowledge exchange. FESTA focuses strongly on the drivers of vehicles, and the changes in their behaviour when driving a vehicle that is instrumented with new systems. In FESTA, it is recommended that driving with an ITS is compared with driving without it (the baseline). However, what will be the focus of the new FOTs? And what will be the main research questions these FOTs will address? And what is the baseline? Three types of focus can be distinguished; centred on the user, the vehicle or the context. In this paper we discuss the requirements for a methodology that addresses these three types of focus. We investigate how the current FOT methodology may be adapted or may need to be completely changed. Special attention is given to the type of data that is needed for baselines and for answering research and impact questions.

A method to assess and plan applications of ITS technology in Public Transport services with reference to some possible case studies

The paper deals with ITS (intelligent transport systems) for public transport (PT) services management, as key component of the wider “smart mobility” concept.It is mainly a methodological contribution and describes the risks and motivations for which the introduction of ITS in PT could result (partially or completely) unsuccessful since some of the planned objectives are not achieved in terms of performance, cost savings and user/citizen benefits. This can be caused by an overestimation of the role and positive impacts of technology of some component and by poor user requirements analysis carried out in feasibility phase. In fact, functionalities of ITS should be defined according to the specific objectives of PT Operators or Authorities and adapted to the specific operational scenarios and organization contexts in which the system must work. It is further shown that ITS are generally made up by some subsystems and the overall performance is the result of interaction between them.The paper firstly analyses the current technology scenario for urban mobility and transport, and underlines that the technology alone may be often insufficient to cope with transport services requirements; secondly, highlights the key role of the feasibility study and user requirements analysis for singling out the sub-systems making up the overall system and for the design of technical, functional and operational specifications for any ITS application. Finally, some relevant possible case studies in order to show composition of some ITS applications, encountered problems and how to cope them are described and discussed.

IMPROVEMENT OF SATELLITE POSITIONING SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE THE MANAGEMENT OF FACILITIES FOR CARGO COMPLEXES

An outline of the organization and operation of freight transport systems using satellite positioning system objects. We present the basic algorithms of individual elements and benefits of the introduction of intelligent transport systems.

Simulation Analyses of the Influence of Route and Travel Demand Properties on Traffic Assignment under the Travel Time Information

In recent years, the solution of road-traffic problems made shift to policies of software side such as utilization of information and communication technology from policies of hardware side such as construction and improvement of roads under the severe finance situations in Japan. Lifestyles of people have been changing greatly by the progress of information technology, and users' needs for road-traffic have been diversified with increase of users through information terminals such as cellular phones or internet. An introduction of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) is expected the effect such as relaxation of traffic jams or shortening of travel time by provision of the detailed and the prior information. As one of the ITS policies, we can pick up the travel time information provision. The travel time information provision have been provided through radio or internet. Many studies have been done about these effect, but we considered that don't have a definite conclusion. We have to analyze the relationship between drivers' reaction behavior and the change of network performance after received information in order to provide the traffic information service that can accommodate to the various needs of users. In this study, we analyze the variations of route condition and formation process of drivers' perceived travel time in the case where travel behavior is repeated under the stochastic travel demand with and without the provision of travel time information, and we examine the influence of the provision of travel time information on travel behavior and network performance. For this purpose, we construct a simulation model of traffic assignment for a simple road network, and we consider the simulation results by changing the route property and the stochastic travel demand property.JEL classification: R15, R41

交通需要の日間変動下での所要時間知覚形成を考慮した情報提供効果の分析

Users of cellular phones and Internet increase with rapid development of information and communication technology, and lifestyles of people have been changing greatly. The policies that utilize information and communication technology have proceeded in the field of road traffic systems. The introduction of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) made shift to policies of software side such as information provision of route guidance from policies of hardware side such as construction and improvement of roads under the severe finance situations in Japan. We think that the relationship between ITS and people will be more deepened in the near future.Internet and cellular phones have become popular in people life, and various types of road traffic information have been provided by them. Drivers' demand for traffic information has been diversified by the development of information technology. It is necessary for us to construct the information provision service system that can meet the needs of users. However, when drivers receive the travel time information, all drivers do not necessarily behave according to the information. We think that drivers decide the planned route by their subjective judgments on travel time. In addition, it is pointed out that the provision of traffic information does not necessarily improve the efficiency of traffic states. Therefore, we have to grasp the mutual relationship between the reaction of drivers who receive travel time information and the change of network performance.In this study, by using the traffic assignment simulation in a simple road network, we analyze the variation of road traffic condition and the process in which users' travel time perception distribution is formed when drivers repeat travel behavior over a given period with and without the provision of route travel time information under the day-to-day travel demand variation.As a result, it was found that the parameters of drivers' route travel time perception distributions are converged to constant values, and that the standard deviations of route travel time perception distributions in the case of information provision are smaller than those in the case without information provision.JEL classification : R15, R41

Driver visual allocation and the introduction of intelligent transport systems

The introduction of intelligent transport systems may affect the driver's ability safely to control the vehicle by distracting him/her from the roadway. These systems must therefore be evaluated to ascertain whether they impose an unreasonable demand on the driver. This paper discusses issues surrounding the use of visual allocation measures for the evaluation of driver information systems in a road trail setting. It explores their value in differentiating between different levels of imposed visual demand. An investigation was made of the visual demand and subjective mental workload resulting from the use of a congestion warning device, an in-car entertainment system and driving without these (the control). The results of the study suggest that the congestion warning device imposed significantly greater visual demand and subjective mental workload than either the in-car entertainment system or the control condition. Difficulties in comparing empirical data with other reported work are highlighted.

Clear road ahead?

Intelligent transport systems (ITS) offer a solution to some of the problems that plague Britain's busy highways. ITS are characterised by the three features of communication, integration and information. The authors discuss the problems faced by the transport network and the role that could be played by ITS in overcoming the problems. In particular the authors discuss implementation of change required by introduction of ITS. Several initiatives, enabled by new technologies, are seeking to deal with these issues and to deliver working solutions that will influence transport and travel during the next 10-20 years. These are: Urban Traffic Management Control, ITS City Pioneers, MATTISSE system, Highways Agency Traffic Control Centre, Road Traffic Advisor project, and road user charging trials.