Introduction Of Blockchain Research Articles

Inventory pledge financing decisions based on a permissioned blockchain by controlling fraudulent risk

Inventory pledge financing (IPF) is a crucial financing way for small and medium-sized enterprise (SMEs). But banks are reluctant to finance SMEs due to fraudulent risk in practice. This paper discusses the application of blockchain in IPF, particularly its impact on mitigating fraud risks. Utilizing game theory models, we illustrate how the finance and operation decisions of participants, along with supply chain efficiency, are influenced by the introduction of blockchain. Meanwhile, equilibrium outcomes are analysed and numerical study is given. Our analysis reveals that under certain conditions, blockchain integration can lead to reduced loan interest rates, lower wholesale prices, increased order quantities by buyers, and enhanced supply chain efficiency. Lastly, we develop a protocol to demonstrate the transfer of digital warehouse receipt on a permissioned blockchain to avoid fraudulent risk. This study provides a theoretical foundation, and a guidance for decisions-making in blockchain-enabled IPF schme.

Blockchain and sustainable finance: Enhancing transparency and efficiency in green investments

The study aimed to analyse the possibilities of using blockchain technology to increase transparency and efficiency in sustainable finance. The application of blockchain technologies and environmental and social practices in the context of sustainable finance was analysed, emphasising implementation and prospects in Kyrgyzstan. Blockchain, as an innovative decentralised data recording technology, provides a high level of security, transparency and immutability, which renders it particularly valuable for the financial sector. The study highlighted how blockchain can improve international transfer processes, increase the transparency of financial transactions and simplify the management of smart contracts, and noted existing challenges such as scalability and legal issues. The role of blockchain technologies in sustainable finance, especially in the field of green investments, was highlighted as an important aspect of the study. The introduction of blockchain in areas such as green project financing and social initiative management can help increase investor confidence and improve investment performance. Financial technology is also central in shaping new approaches to finance and investment, facilitating access to capital through crowdfunding and person-to-person (P2P) lending platforms. The introduction of environmental and social practices in financial institutions of the Kyrgyz Republic demonstrates the growing attention to corporate responsibility and sustainable development, despite the initial stage of their implementation. On international stage, successful projects such as the use of blockchain to track supply chains, green bonds and carbon credit management demonstrate the potential of technology to improve the transparency and efficiency of sustainable finance. These examples can be used by Kyrgyzstan in developing and implementing domestic blockchain and environmental and social initiatives, contributing to more sustainable economic growth and attracting international investment

Formation of a financial management system in the development industry based on digital financial technologies

Subject. The article considers the financial management system in the context of the use of digital financial technologies. Objectives. The main goal of the study is to create new financial management tools for use in construction to improve the efficiency of transaction control based on digital FinTech. Methods. The study attempts to analyze the potential possibility of creating a financial management system in construction projects, based on solutions generated by FinTech and implemented in construction, using the Blockchain technology. Results. The introduction of Blockchain will help all construction project participants to safely make transactions without the involvement of third parties, based on a smart contract. The proposed approach enables stakeholders (real estate buyers) to control the remaining financial obligations between interested parties, i.e. participants in business transactions. The main result is the presentation of new tools for a decentralized financial management system that reduce the risks of losses in operational and financial activities of the developer, and this is extremely important in conditions of external market volatility. Conclusions. This study presents provisions that substantiate the potential possibility of using new tools for a decentralized financial management system based on digital financial technologies that reduce the developer’s risks.

ІНТЕГРАЦІЯ БЛОКЧЕЙН-ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У СИСТЕМУ УПРАВЛІННЯ КАДРОВИМ ПОТЕНЦІАЛОМ МЕДИЧНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ

The article is devoted to the topical issue of applying blockchain technologies in managing the personnel potential of medical institutions. The authors emphasize the importance of using secure technologies that will prevent hacking communities from accessing confidential personal data, especially in the medical field, where comprehensive information about most citizens is concentrated.
 Despite the significant advantages of blockchain, this technology has been sporadically implemented in Ukraine, particularly in the medical sphere. Most scientific works focus on the advantages and disadvantages of using blockchain in other industries, while its applications in managing the personnel potential of medical institutions are insufficiently covered.
 The aim of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of using blockchain technology in the personnel management system of medical institutions. The article identifies several areas of blockchain application in personnel management of medical facilities: forming a database of patients assigned to specific medical professionals, creating databases of medical achievements, systematizing information about advanced medical practices, managing databases on the professional development of medical staff, optimizing internal communication systems, and improving decision-making algorithms. The advantages, disadvantages, opportunities, and threats of using blockchain in this area are discussed in detail. The risks of implementing the technology in wartime conditions are analyzed separately.
 The introduction of blockchain in managing the personnel potential of medical institutions is a promising direction, which will contribute to the consolidation of data on the professional career development of medical staff, optimization of internal communication systems, improvement of managerial decision-making, and more. The further prospect of using this technology requires the development of effective algorithms for its implementation, taking into account possible risks and challenges.

ЛІЗИНГ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙ: ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ТА СТРАТЕГІЇ

Amid the spread of the global crisis and the shortage of financial resources, innovation is becoming one of the most important elements in ensuring survival and growth in the market. Therefore, leasing as one of the options for raising capital plays an important role in the innovative development of enterprises. The article considers the use of leasing as a tool for stimulating innovation in business and analyzes the impact of leasing relations on the development of enterprises and increasing their competitiveness. The research shows that today the leasing services market is characterized by a variety of leasing forms, models of leasing agreements and a diverse system of legal forms regulating the functioning of the leasing mechanism. The main stages of the leasing mechanism include: selection of the leased asset, selection of the lessor, conclusion of the lease agreement, payment of the lease fee under the agreement, use of the leased asset and termination of the lease agreement. The use of leasing has a positive impact on the operations of enterprises by reducing costs, improving productivity and product quality, accelerating the turnover of assets, and improving profitability. Due to the involvement of leasing companies in the process of innovation and their integration into the formation of innovative infrastructure, the issue of developing and expanding tools for the implementation of innovative leasing is important. Innovative leasing is distinguished by its uniqueness and high level of specialization of the equipment that is the object of leasing. We consider innovative leasing to be an effective and promising tool for technical modernization and innovation. Increasing the level of technological equipment in the leasing services market will help to expand the leasing portfolio, including attracting new types of assets. Considering innovative approaches to the provision of leasing services, in particular, the introduction of blockchain and other advanced technologies, it is obvious that such initiatives will have a significant positive impact on the competitiveness of leasing. The main advantage of innovative leasing is that it helps to respond more quickly to market changes and, if necessary, to quickly update the company's innovation strategies.

Selling mode choice and blockchain adoption in an e-commerce platform with information disclosure

Many e-commerce platforms, such as Amazon and JD.com, consider product information disclosure as a crucial retail strategy. However, due to potential consumer distrust in the disclosed information, these platforms may employ blockchain technology to validate the information and alleviate consumers’ doubts. This study presents a game-theoretical model to investigate the interaction among the manufacturer’s choice of selling mode, the platform’s decision regarding blockchain adoption, and information disclosure strategies in the presence of information asymmetry. Optimal pricing and information disclosure strategies are derived, and the impact of various parameters on the equilibrium results is analyzed. We find that the consumers’ privacy concerns and blockchain implementation costs both have negative effects on the equilibrium retail price, disclosed information amount and profits of the manufacturer and platform. Moreover, we also find that the introduction of blockchain has different effects on a platform’s pricing and information disclosure strategies depending on the market size. In addition, conditions are identified under which the manufacturer selects the optimal selling mode and the platform makes an optimal decision on blockchain adoption. The findings demonstrate that the cost of consumers’ privacy concerns and the commission rate play significant roles in determining the equilibrium selling mode selection and blockchain adoption strategies.

Edge Trusted Sharing: Task-Driven Decentralized Resources Collaborate in IoT

6G is committed to providing a fully connected world. The deployment and application of 6G technology in the Internet of Things (IoT) can efficiently collaborate IoT resources and realize resource sharing, which mainly encourages IoT development. However, due to the lack of trust between IoT resources, security and privacy become the main challenges. As an emerging technology, blockchain can solve the trust-absence issues and provide more benefits, but the introduction of blockchain also brings problems for IoT resource collaboration and sharing. This article first proposes a blockchain-enabled edge resource sharing (BEERS) architecture by combining blockchain and edge computing technology. Then, based on a typical resource sharing and collaboration scenario, the joint optimization problem of resource scheduling and task assignment (JRSTA) is constructed. We decompose JRSTA into a primal problem and a master problem and design a greedy-based task assignment (GBTA) algorithm to solve the primal problem. Based on the GBTA algorithm, the resource scheduling and task assignment (RSTA) algorithm is developed. Next, we design a layered parallel edge resource scheduling and task assignment (LPRSTA) mechanism to improve practicability. Finally, we analyze the security and the performance of our proposed architecture and algorithms. The results show that the proposed architecture can support the secure collaboration of IoT resources, and the proposed algorithm can achieve effective resource scheduling and task assignment.

Decentralized E-KYC Blockchain Network for Central Bank

Abstract: Know Your Customer or KYC processes are the backbones of a financial institution’s anti-money laundering efforts. KYC processes are mandatory in most of Europe and India. Almost all countries have their own process for identifying and keeping a record of their citizens like the USA has Social Security Protocol. According to current estimates, the amount of KYC spending rose to up to $1.8 Billion in 2021 on a global level. Despite the importance of the process, KYC continues to operate inefficiently. KYC processes are labor-intensive and time-consuming tasks. It is estimated that 80% of KYC efforts go in gathering information and processing while only 20% of efforts are evaluating and monitoring focused. This centralization of data is causing an inefficient KYC process and creating issues like :- Misidentification of fraudulent data , Inability of tracking customers, customers entering fake data(address, age etc) , delayed processing time and very high cost of processing. Reimagining KYC Using Blockchain Technology will enable seamless and secure data exchange at a fraction of the cost. A decentralized blockchain network will Facilitate near real-time data exchange. Blockchain when used with other technologies can indicate great potential to help organizations reduce the cost and time linked with the KYC process. The introduction of blockchain in KYC brings data on a decentralized network which also has its own pros like distributed data collection ,higher operational efficiency , validation of accuracy of the information. The customer will build their profile on the DCT KYC network. There are multiple options to store the data like Centralized encrypted servers, DCT platforms like IPFS(Interplanetary File System). Customers will perform transactions with Financial Institutions by giving them access to users profile( restricted non-appendable access),Using hashing and cryptographic processes the data would safely be called and returned to the DCT network . Thus making sure the whole process is immutable .

Strategy Analysis of Fresh Agricultural Enterprises in a Competitive Circumstance: The Impact of Blockchain and Consumer Traceability Preferences

Blockchain technology allows fresh agricultural enterprises to share records stored on the chain, and the technology can benefit information management systems, such as decentralization and transparency. This study uses game theory to examine a blockchain introduction strategy for fresh agricultural enterprises in a competitive environment, considering consumer traceability preferences. We establish a pricing decision model in traditional and blockchain traceability modes and identify optimal solutions. Additionally, we analyze the impact of the blockchain introduction strategy, consumer preferences, and blockchain influence factor on optimal pricing decisions. The results indicate that the introduction of blockchain could improve the profits of enterprises under certain conditions. Moreover, consumer traceability preferences and the blockchain influence factor could significantly affect the blockchain introduction strategy. We also discover that when the blockchain influence factor meets a certain range, introducing blockchain technique in the traceability system could shift demand from traditional enterprises to blockchain enterprises. The total market demand for blockchain enterprises under the blockchain traceability mode will increase, whereas that of traditional enterprises under the blockchain traceability mode will decrease. Both consumer traceability preferences and the blockchain influence factor could significantly affect optimal pricing. Finally, some management suggestions are provided for the traceability of fresh agricultural enterprises based on the research conclusions.

A review of sustainability concerns in the use of blockchain technology: Evidence from the agri-food and the pharmaceutical sectors

Blockchain is an evolving technology with promising applications in various sectors. The introduction of blockchain in the industry has the potential to provide a significant competitive advantage, even though it still is in the early stages of its adoption, particularly in supply chains. The implementation of blockchain technologies affects all the operational aspects of a production and supply chain system, including its sustainable performance. In these terms, there is a raising of concerns regarding the impact of the integration of blockchain on the economic viability of the organization, the total environmental footprint that results from its use, and the social matters regarding its control, safety assurance, and governance. The scope of this paper is to identify the implications of the integration of blockchain technologies in the industry concerning the three main pillars of sustainability.

블록체인 기반 부동산 거래정보플랫폼 구축의 핵심요인에 관한 연구*

Blockchain is a technology that can achieve innovation in the real estate field and ensure transparency, reliability, security, convenience, and efficiency of real estate transaction platforms. However, countries such as the UK and Sweden and blockchain-based real estate transaction platforms including Ubiquity, QuantmRE, Meridio, ATLANT, and Propy are still in the pilot test stage. It is time to revitalize researches because the developments of the pilot project in Jeju Island in 2019 and blockchain-based real estate transaction platforms since 2020 were suspended. This study aimed to understand key factors to construct blockchain-based real estate transaction platforms in consideration of domestic conditions and contribute to enhancing feasibility and efficiency of their realization and implementation. Therefore, a research model expanding the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), which was used to figure out key factors for new technologies. Then the SPSS was used for multiple regression analysis of the platforms to identify some factors such as ‘performance expectation’ and ‘social impact’ which could have a positive effect on accepting blockchain in real estate transaction platforms. In other words, in order to revitalize blockchain-based real estate transaction platforms, it is necessary to make an accurate understanding and an innovative development of blockchain. This study advocated enhancement of awareness for convenience and reliability through the introduction of blockchain. For the purpose, this study explained solutions including promotion, discovery of successful cases, innovative minds of decision-makers and managers, and sufficient human resources.

A survey paper on blockchain and its implementation to reduce security risks in various domains

Every technology with its powerful uses has issues connected to it and security is at the top of it. As for the changing environment, the world has been shifting to Virtual Reality, the new coming world seems to be the internet and blockchain technology which is more powerful than others and has its applications in every field, be it quantum computing, internet of things, security or others. This survey paper covers the blockchain and its security in different fields of sciences and technology. We begin with the introduction of blockchain and then discuss its structure. After that security issues have been highlighted which include attacks and their behavior in quantum computing, internet of things, cloud computing. Furthermore, we have discussed the most common types of attacks and the SRM model of blockchain followed by the conclusion.

Evolution of Digital Payment Systems and a Breakthrough

This analytical study examines the evolution of digital payment systems and the use by financial institutions and fintech companies in line with the changing user needs, along with the evolutionary developments in information technologies. It also makes a comparative analysis of digital payment platforms that are popularly used all over the world, e.g. PayPal, GooglePay, Wise. The introduction of the first ATM in 1967, the first contactless credit card payment in 1999, the introduction of blockchain in 2009, the emergence of GoogleWallet in 2011 and the introduction of Visa Click-to-pay in 2020 may be defined as the milestones of digital payment systems. Digital payment systems can be broadly classified as smart cards, online payments, mobile applications, blockchain transfers and biometric authentication. All payment systems in the world are generally shaped according to user needs. The exponential growth of e-commerce and the increasing influence of market regulators also contribute to shaping the future of payment systems. A decentralized monetary management is envisioned by the transition to a cashless economy, the emergence of new online financial institutions, and the adoption of blockchain and cryptocurrencies. It is concluded that the evolution of digital payment systems will expand convenience, refund, convergence, cross-border and time limitless transaction. With the increasing adoption of digital payment systems by all spenders, there is a clear transition towards a cashless economy. The current arguments in academic and professional platforms about the future of digital systems predict that by the 2050s, physical money will be completely out of circulation and these currencies will be replaced by virtual currencies that can easily be transferred over number of digital platforms.

The role of blockchain for food safety and market efficiency

It is well known that the introduction of Blockchain in the agri-food sector represents a digital innovation aimed at increasing business income through the reduction of production inputs (and therefore of production costs expressed at constant prices) and/or the increase of output (increase in the quantity produced and therefore in revenues expressed at constant prices). According to Schumpeter, innovation and entrepreneurship mainly depend on innovative people, their skills and knowledge. In fact, digital innovation is always aimed at increasing the competitiveness of the company and can concern an improvement in technical and economic efficiency. On an existing company structure, efficiency concerns an optimization of the variable production factors to be used in the production process (reduction of variable costs: example quantity of water used; quantity of fertilizers to be used according to seasonal trends; quantity of pesticides to be used) which have repercussions on the structure of the cost of production and therefore positive effects on the net income of the entrepreneur. In the present study after examining the economic theory of innovation, through the theory of value examined why agri-food companies should adopt innovations such as the Blockchain. The study highlights that digital innovations can be implemented by entrepreneurs according to company size and with a view to increasing the value of production and that the affirmation of innovation requires long periods of time.

How to reward the Web: The social dApp Yup

With the advent of blockchain technology, new Online Social Networks (OSNs) were proposed under the name of Blockchain Online Social Media (BOSM). Among the most well-known BOSMs, the introduction of blockchain is geared towards providing a decentralised social platform, together with an auditable and transparent rewarding system. While some current BOSMs have gathered a large set of dedicated users, they can hardly fight against the hegemony of the most well known centralised platforms, such as Twitter or Facebook. Yup tries to overcome this issue by proposing a rewarding system that can integrate with existing platforms. Its rewarding system keeps track of any piece of content uniquely identified by an URL, so its usage is not restricted to OSNs only. Given its unique approach, its rewarding system represents an important case study that, to the best of our knowledge, is not covered in the literature. In this paper, we close this gap by presenting the rewarding system provided by Yup and understanding its implications on the social activity of the users. Our analyses uncover that the voting activity favours the creation of echo chambers, and that the rewarding system is unfair. Additionally, we identify some limitations that can help design new rewarding systems.

Design and Application of Legally Valid Payment Templates Based on Linking Contracts.

Smart contracts are widely employed in many industries as a result of the high-quality development of science and economic technology, as well as the introduction of blockchain, which can automatically conduct retrieval, verification, and payment tasks. Smart contracts as an emerging topic, particularly the study of smart legal contracts, must remain forward-looking, and the smart contract sector cannot wait for the legal status of smart contracts to be resolved before advancing. The relative lag of the law becomes unavoidable due to the unassembled and unpredictable character of the law and thus its legislation. In this paper, we explore the incorporation of smart contracts into the scope of legal regulation, the construction of a series of systems for smart contracts, and the prognosis of smart contracts in terms of contract logic, arbitration process, and formal verification from the current law. Furthermore, a smart contract payment template based on semantic-aware graph neural networks is proposed to address the traditional smart contract vulnerability detection payment template method's low detection accuracy and high false alarm rate, as well as the neural network-based method's insufficient mining of bytecode-level smart contract features. Experiments comparing the method described in this research to comparable methods reveal that the strategy proposed in this study improves all types of indicators significantly.

The Impact of Blockchain Application on the Qualification Rate and Circulation Efficiency of Agricultural Products: A Simulation Analysis with Agent-Based Modelling.

In the context of COVID-19, the circulation of agricultural products is increasingly important for the nutrition and health of people. With the changing needs of society and the advancement of technology, the agricultural product circulation system needs to undergo corresponding changes to adapt to the modern fast-paced social system. Blockchain technology couples with the circulation of agricultural products, as its technical features, such as immutability and a distributed ledger database, ensures the speed and stability of the key information circulation process of agricultural products. The research goal of this paper was to clarify the influence of blockchain technology on the qualification rate and circulation efficiency for agricultural products. Based on the main characteristics of blockchain technology and a summary of domestic and foreign theoretical research, this paper simulated the impacts of blockchain technology on the agricultural product circulation system. The results revealed that blockchain technology can improve the qualification rate of agricultural products and thereby ensure their quality and safety. The introduction of blockchain increased the qualification rate by nearly 30%. Moreover, blockchain technology significantly enhanced the efficiency of the agricultural product circulation system, thereby greatly promoting economic benefits. The introduction of blockchain increased circulation efficiency by nearly 15%. Finally, the introduction of blockchain technology can effectively promote the governance level and reduce the supervision costs of the agricultural product circulation system. Through simulation analysis, we found that blockchain technology has a positive impact on both the qualification rate and circulation efficiency for agricultural products. These findings enrich research into the application of blockchain technology in the management and circulation of modern agricultural products.

The Game Analysis of Information Sharing for Supply Chain Enterprises in the Blockchain

The problems of additional inventory costs and inaccurate demand estimation caused by information asymmetry has severely damaged the profits of all participants and restricted the overall development of the supply chain. New technologies and ideas are urgently needed to solve these problems. The blockchain technology is widely accepted as a disruptive technology and a powerful tool to resolve information asymmetry with its advantage in decentralization, transparency, traceability, confidentiality, immutability, etc. The introduction of blockchain into the information system will effectively promote supply chain collaboration by facilitating information sharing among enterprises at various nodes. The paper builds a consortium chain model suitable for supply chain information sharing, uses evolutionary game theory to analyze the strategy changes and influencing factors in the information sharing choices of supply chain participants, and finally verifies the correctness of the results through MATLAB simulation.

The Role of Blockchain in E-Governance and Decision-Making in Project and Program Management

This paper discusses the impact of e-governance powered by blockchain in the project and program management industry. With the rise in technological innovations, many countries have turned to e-governance for efficiency in service delivery, transparency, and decision-making. E-governance backed by blockchain technology entails improving the public services provision by implementing structures of information and communication technologies. There are many challenges with the traditional project management approach that causes organizations and its stakeholders’ cost and time. Thus, the introduction of blockchain has given many organizations a new approach to adopt in order to eliminate the challenges associated with the typical project management approach. In spite of the cutting-edge technology of blockchain and its broad applications in program management and e-governance, there are still many challenges that restrain its adoption on a broader scale. The research discusses the challenges of the blockchain deployment in the program management field and e-governance in private and government sectors and it highlights the efforts put by both sectors to make use of the technology. Also, the research covers the opportunities and the advantages of a blockchain adoption in various segments. The paper uses various case studies in the UAE, in both private and government sectors, and a qualitative research approach was implemented. The case studies were on government entities such as Smart Dubai and the Ministry of Health Prevention and also private entities like DP World and Emirates NBD. The paper concludes with recommendations and solutions on how to maximize the benefit of blockchain in the program management industry and how it is improving the decision-making process.

Digital transformation of the banking system with the introduction of blockchain

Digital transformation of the banking system with the introduction of blockchain