Introduction Of Ammonia Research Articles

Pyrazines formed in model glycerin-water systems

The composition of alkylpyrazines formed in nine model reactions between glucose, ammonia, and an amino acid in glycerin containing 7% water was studied by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In the glycerin-water system more alkylpyrazines were formed than in water alone. The introduction of ammonia was shown to increase the number and amounts of alkylpyrazines formed in the model systems. Depending on the specific amino acid, 10 to 23 alkylpyrazines were formed.

Ammonia absorption from the intestine in adult cockerels

1. 1. Two ml of 2 mM ammonium acetate solution was introduced into 10 cm chicken intestinal sack having Meckel's diverticulum in the middle part. 2. 2. After the introduction, blood ammonia concentration in the mesenteric vein draining the sack reached a maximal increase within 5 min and returned to the initial level in 30 min. The difference of ammonia concentration between cardiac and mesenteric venous blood also showed a similar tendency. 3. 3. About 91% of the ammonia introduced into the intestinal lumen disappeared in 30 min. 4. 4. Amino acid metabolism in intestinal tissue appears to be affected by the introduction of ammonia into the intestinal lumen.

Catalytic and infrared demonstrations of the effect of hydrogen spillover on a gel of silica

A silica aerogel was prepared by hydrolysis of tetramethylsilane in methanol and evacuated; it was used with the resulting O-CH/sub 3/ surface groups or after calcination to convert these groups into OH groups. It was activated by hydrogen spillover during hydrogen treatment at 430/sup 0/C in contact with platinum-alumina catalyst as previously described for alumina activation The hydrogen taken up by the silica (900 sq m/g) was approx. 1.4 cc/g at 200/sup 0/C. The silica was then active for the hydrogenation of ethylene to ethane in excess hydrogen at 200/sup 0/C, and the catalyst was not deactivated by evacuation at 200/sup 0/C, exposure to air at 25/sup 0/-400/sup 0/C, or the introduction of ammonia. If the silica with spilled-over hydrogen was evacuated, it catalyzed the reaction of benzene in excess hydrogen to ethane via an acetylene intermediate; if the spilled-over hydrogen was not evacuated, a small amount of cyclohexane and cyclohexene, corresponding to the amount of hydrogen spillover, were also formed. In the absence of hydrogen, only acetylene was formed from benzene. The reactions of 1,3-cyclohexadiene corresponded to those of benzene, but 1,4-cyclohexadiene yielded only acetylene in the presence or absence of hydrogen. The surface species generated by hydrogen spillovermore » were studied by IR spectroscopy.« less

A-Si : H produced by high-temperature thermal decomposition of silane

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon has been deposited by a new technique of thermal decomposition of silane from a hot tungsten or carbon foil heated to about 1600 °C. Initial measurements indicate that the resulting films have a fairly high photoresponse. Introduction of ammonia along with silane is seen to enhance the photoconductivity quite significantly.

A simulation experiment of photochemical reactions in the mesosphere.

An ionospheric simulation experiment has been performed in a large vacuum chamber. The chamber is filled with NO and other gases including N2, O2, CO2, NH3 and H2O in the pressure range of 10-2 Torr. A lamp which produces photons at 1236 and 1165A by means of microwave discharge in krypton is utilized as an ionization source.In addition to 30+ large quantities of the water cluster ions 55+, H3O+·(H2O)2, 73+, H3O+·(H2O)3 and 91+, H3O+·(H2O)4 were observed when nitric oxide and water were present. This closely approximates the condition of the terrestrial D region. After long periods of UV irradiation 74+ and 104+ ions grow in intensity. These ions are tentatively identified as NO+. N2O and NO+·NO·N2O. In addition the series 18+, 36+, 54+ and 72+ is detected which can be labeled NH4+, NH4+·(H2O), NH4+·(H2O)2 and NH4+·(H2O)3. These same species of ions are observed with the introduction of ammonia into the chamber. Presumably both N2O and NH3 are products of the photolysis.