Intricate Environment Research Articles

Improved Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks for Complex Scene Mask-Wearing Detection

<p indent=0mm>To solve the problem about low accuracy of mask wear detection under complex lighting and face lean conditions, a method of mask wear detection under intricate environment using efficient convolutional neural network is proposed, which uses pre-training such as hard negative mining to learn more samples of face feature, utilize multi-task convolutional neural networks (MTCNN) to estimate the possibility of face information, and get accurate face location. With attention mechanism in feature pyramid network, enhancing the weight of key points on human face, employing efficient neural network detection will be wore on mask-wearing detection as a simple binary classification problem. Under the environment of TensorFlow platform, not only data training, data preprocessing, but also the contrast experiment with AIZOO method are completed. A data set containing with 816 images is collected, marked and trained. During the data preprocessing, images are set as fixed size to reduce the amount of computation and promote the detection speed. Then, image enhancement algorithm is used to conduct distortion processing to improve the robustness of this model. On this basis, MTCNN is used to detect the face information in pictures, modify and normalize all data, then put them into neural network and the trained model to detection. The experimental results show that under complex conditions such as complex lighting and face tilt, the accuracy can reach 83% and 91% respectively, which means can accurately detect whether wearing a mask.

Thermal Comfort in Places of Worship within a Mediterranean Climate

This paper investigates the relationship between the actual thermal comfort levels measured according to EN 16798-1 standard and the expected thermal comfort of attendees in five parish churches throughout 2018. This is carried out through statistical analysis of qualitative research based on questionnaire responses from church goers and quantitative research based on indoor measured data. This investigation includes the gathering of scientific data relating to temperature and relative humidity together with statistical data through thermal sensation surveys (TSSs). Thus, this study provides first-hand information about occupants’ diversities of thermal sensations and dynamic behaviour adaptations to the intricate environment within churches. Results determine that a significant correlation exists between the actual thermal comfort levels measured according to EN 16798-1 standard and the expected thermal comfort perceived by the church attendees in most of the parish churches under review. Analysis of the sources of discomfort and suggestions made by the occupants revealed that passive design measures contribute towards improved indoor thermal conditions, reduced energy demand and lower carbon emissions. This information provides assurance for optimised decision-making methods, used to generate accurate solutions for policy-makers, architects and engineers, with an understanding of practical applications of passive measures for places of worship. Moreover, the paper provides insight on indoor comfort levels in places of worship within a Mediterranean context, which is insufficiently addressed by scholars at a global level.

The Role of Information Retrieval in the Diagnostic/Decision making Process within the Medical Appointment: A Review of the Literature

ABSTRACT Information retrieval/memory recall by patients/carers within the medical appointment is reported to be of paramount importance to the diagnostic/decision-making process within the medical appointment and hence to the outcome of the medical encounter itself. The rationale behind this paper (second in a series of papers) is to delve into the current literature to ascertain the pervasiveness of long-term information retrieval/memory recall concepts within this intricate environment, including the disease states in which patient information retrieval/memory recall research has been conducted, affording an analysis of research activities in order to identify the gaps in knowledge that currently exist. A rigorous systematic process detected 49 papers that clearly consider information retrieval/memory recall events within the medical appointment. Content analysis was conducted using a Concept-Centric Matrix in conjunction with open-coding techniques, giving rise to the detection of 227 concepts, which were subsequently assembled into 63 categories. Our analysis reveals the prevalence of long-term information retrieval/memory recall concepts, and the disease states that have conducted patient information retrieval/memory recall research (within the medical appointment) reported in writings over the past 43 years. Additionally, we have advanced our conceptual model of memory recall/information retrieval within the elicitation phase of the medical appointment, which we first presented in an earlier paper . The current paper is of significance as it facilitates an augmented understanding of information retrieval/memory recall (and the importance of same to the diagnostic/decision-making process and to patient outcomes, within the medical appointment. Furthermore, the exploration serves to highlight a number of IS research opportunities.

The Use of Microfabrication Techniques for the Design and Manufacture of Artificial Stem Cell Microenvironments for Tissue Regeneration.

The recapitulation of the stem cell microenvironment is an emerging area of research that has grown significantly in the last 10 to 15 years. Being able to understand the underlying mechanisms that relate stem cell behavior to the physical environment in which stem cells reside is currently a challenge that many groups are trying to unravel. Several approaches have attempted to mimic the biological components that constitute the native stem cell niche, however, this is a very intricate environment and, although promising advances have been made recently, it becomes clear that new strategies need to be explored to ensure a better understanding of the stem cell niche behavior. The second strand in stem cell niche research focuses on the use of manufacturing techniques to build simple but functional models; these models aim to mimic the physical features of the niche environment which have also been demonstrated to play a big role in directing cell responses. This second strand has involved a more engineering approach in which a wide set of microfabrication techniques have been explored in detail. This review aims to summarize the use of these microfabrication techniques and how they have approached the challenge of mimicking the native stem cell niche.

Multiple techniques point to oxygenic phototrophs dominating the Isopora palifera skeletal microbiome

The limestone skeleton of Scleractinian corals is a complex and intricate environment consisting of an array of ecological microniches, which harbour a vast microbial community. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated that endolithic microbes play a variety of important ecological roles. Here, we use a combination of metabarcoding of the small subunit rRNA genes, microscopy and spectrophotometry to characterize the endolithic community of the coral Isopora palifera, one of the most common reef builders of the Great Barrier Reef. While a previous study suggested that the Isopora skeleton was dominated by anoxygenic phototrophs, our data show an abundance of chlorophyll a, highlighting the presence of oxygenic photosynthetic endolithic microbes. Proteobacteria, Bacteriodetes, Actinobacteria and Spirochaetes were consistently found, and the bacterial community was similar in shallow and deeper skeletal micro-samples. The micro-eukaryotic community was dominated by endolithic green algae, and the protist Labyrynthula, found at previously unreported high relative abundance.

Partial Color Photo Processing Method for Components Based on Image Enhancement Technology

Computer vision is currently playing an increasingly important role in automatically identifying the character of the image processing technology as research hotbed in the field of smart computing, OCR, face recognition, fingerprinting, biometric recognition, and so forth. Content‐based image recovery, video recovery, multimedia collection, watermarking, games, film stunts, virtual reality, e‐commerce, and other apps are available all round. The color pictures of parts taken by industrial cameras depend on computer performance and the intricate environment, and in particular, on the whole resolution image display, a lot of CPU resources are needed. Some details cannot be shown completely at the same time. If the image is not sufficiently clearly visible, methods for image processing like improvement, noise reduction, and interpolation must be used to improve color photo clarity. This article, based on the OpenCV platform, uses frequency domain filters, median filters, Fourier transform, and other image improvement technologies to remove image noise in order to enhance the quality of local photos from industrial cameras’ components. Finally, clear and available image information is obtained in different experimental methods, which check the application of image enhancement technology to image rebuilding. Finally, the performance of the proposed method in terms of CPBD value, definition Q value, and operation time is compared, which shows that the proposed method has obvious advantages in the above performance.

Resilience Microgrid as Power System Integrity Protection Scheme Element With Reinforcement Learning Based Management

The microgrid is a solution for integrating renewable energy resources into the power system. However, overcoming the randomness of these nature-based resources requires a robust control system. Moreover, electricity market participation and ancillary service provision for the utility grid are other aspects, although intensify microgrid penetration makes its environment interactions more complex. Reinforcement learning is a technique vastly applied to such an intricate environment. Hence, in this paper, we deployed deep deterministic policy gradient and soft-actor critic methods to solve the high-dimensional, continuous, and stochastic problem of the microgrid's energy management system and compared the performance of two methods. Additionally, we developed the microgrid interactions with the utility grid as a participant of system integrity protection schema responding promptly to the utility grid protection requirements based on its reliable available resources. Moreover, we applied actual data of Gasa Island microgrid in Korea to prove the efficiency of proposed method.

Design Analysis of Reciprocating Piston for Single Cylinder Internal Combustion Engine

In this study, CAD model was developed for reciprocating piston of an IC engine using SOLIDWORKS (2017 version) modelling tool and was simulated at a speed of 600-3000 RPM. Reaction forces and linear velocity at different combustion time, thermal stresses, equivalent strains, resultant and displacement on the piston were determined. At an engine speed of 3000 RPM and 224NM torque, maximum displacement of 8.03x10-1mm, maximum equivalent strain of 2.152x10-2 and maximum thermal stress of 24.465N/mm^2. The maximum thermally induced stress value fell below the yield strength (460 N/mm^2) of the low alloy steel piston material, indicating that the material still has the capacity to accommodate stresses and deformations before its yield strength is exceeded. It was observed that the higher the engine speed, the higher the reaction forces and resultant displacements on the piston. The highest deformation value was recorded as 13,004.927 N/mm^2 which occurred at the point where the piston pin and one end of the connecting rod interlocks. Specific attention should be given to the selection of piston material and the intricate environment it operates, as it serves as the heart of a given IC engine.

A Product Quality Monitor Model With the Digital Twin Model and the Stacked Auto Encoder

With the development of intelligent manufacturing and computer science, the system of equipment in the workshop has become more and more complex. In the intricate environment, the state of device changes constantly, which could affect the accuracy of methods since they cannot adapt the changing context. Recently, Digital Twin (DT) has received great focus among academic world and industrial world, which provides a new normal form for solving problems. In this paper, the structure of DT is discussed and a DT and Stacked Auto Encoder (SAE) Based Model is proposed to monitor the product quality. Based on the classical structure of DT, the digital model of DT is further divided into two parts, a task-achieved part and a self-update part. The former that comprises an encoder network that is a part of SAE and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based classifier could check whether products are qualified. And a decoder network, another part of SAE, and a parameters-update rule make up the self-update part that could detect the accuracy of the task-achieved part and retrain the neural networks as the accuracy is poor. Furthermore, a new loss function is put forward as a training criterion in order to magnify the tiny difference between input data and result. In order to emulate the changing environment, the experimental data are collected at two different points in time. The data are then input to the proposed model and two other traditional methods to test the ability of accuracy and the adaptability for changing context. The comparisons show that the proposed method has got improvements, especially in where the effect of working environment is significant.

Multi Robot Path Planning Based on Cuckoo Search and With PSO Algorithm in the Complex and the Unknown Environment

For an efficient operation of and autonomous robots or agents optimization of the path is an essential feature. In my proposed paper I will discuss about the CS Algorithm its parameter analysis and how it is applied on the mobile robot in an intricate environment with numerous amount of static obstacles. Taking the concept from the flight behavior of the cuckoo this meta-heuristic algorithm is designed.[1] We will show the different parameters of traversing by agents in terms of coverage, time, movement and energy between its targets and obstacles, based on these parameter we can identify the target seeking behavior and obstacle avoidance of the robot, then the comparison will be made between path planning with PSO algorithm and Cuckoo search[2] algorithm depending on various parameter analysis. With the help of both the algorithm which is the Cuckoo Search and PSO algorithm we will try to show how robot avoids the obstacle and proceed towards the target, when the robot reaches its goal we shall be able to justify that it has followed the smooth optimal trajectory within the frame or the desired environment.

A Cognitive Workload Identification using EEG Power Spectrum

Now a days, Electroencephalography (EEG) is popular to monitor human’s cognitive workload. EEG signals are delicate to the variation in cognitive load in various fields including observing cognitive workload for the intricate environment of military chores. Earlier to acquire the EEG signals high-cost EEG systems were used which bounds their use but now a day’s low-cost headsets are available to capture EEG which makes it a promising set-up to measure cognitive workload. EEGs are initially preprocessed to reflect the artifacts present in it. After preprocessing, signals are ready for further processing. The power spectral density corresponds to the power distribution of EEG signal in the frequency domain which is used to assess the changes in the pattern of the brain. This paper discusses the present progress of research in cognitive workload identification and identifies the techniques associated with the cognitive workload. This proposed research gives the analysis of EEG signal power spectrum density (PSD) during resting state and cognitive workload activities of a human. With power spectral analysis of the EEG signal, seven statistical parameters have been calculated (minimum, maximum, mean, median, mode, standard deviation and range) have been calculated Analysis showed that the in cognitive workload, PSD has significantly changed if compared to the resting state.

Evolution of Political Branding: Typologies, Diverse Settings and Future Research

Political branding has developed into an established and vibrant sub-discipline of political marketing. Indeed, political branding research continues to push boundaries by critically applying consumer based branding theories, concepts and frameworks to the political environment. Recently, political branding scholars have segmented research into different categories such as corporate, candidate, leader, local-regional, internal or external in orientation. Despite this development, there continues to be limited research on alternative or different typologies of political brands. This study reaffirms political branding as a distinct area of research and discusses how political brands can be conceptualised and operationalised. Further, drawing on seven empirical and conceptual papers, which focus on different typologies of political brands from a range of international contexts including Canada, USA, Iceland, Indonesia and India, we reflect on the current political branding environment. We conclude that there are multiple relationships and numerous interconnected political brands, which represent an intricate environment or ecosystem. This study offers academics and political actors guidance on how to conceptualise political brands and provides a starting point to map out the ecosystems of political brands. Finally, this study provides explicit calls for further research in political branding.

Three-dimensional rotational angiography in congenital heart disease: Present status and evolving future.

Three-dimensional rotational angiography (3D-RA) enables volumetric imaging through rotation of the C-arm of an angiographic system and real-time 3D reconstruction during cardiac catheterization procedures. In the field of congenital heart disease (CHD), 3D-RA has gained considerable traction, owing to its capability for enhanced visualization of spatial relationships in complex cardiac morphologies and real time image guidance in an intricate interventional environment. This review provides an overview of the current applications, strengths, and limitations of 3D-RA acquisition in the management of CHD and potential future directions. In addition, issues of dosimetry, radiation exposure, and optimization strategies will be reviewed. Further implementation of 3D-RA will be driven by patient benefits relative to existing 3D imaging capabilities and fusion techniques balanced against radiation exposure.

Recent Advances of Membrane-Cloaked Nanoplatforms for Biomedical Applications.

In terms of the extremely small size and large specific surface area, nanomaterials often exhibit unusual physical and chemical properties, which have recently attracted considerable attention in bionanotechnology and nanomedicine. Currently, the extensive usage of nanotechnology in medicine holds great potential for precise diagnosis and effective therapeutics of various human diseases in clinical practice. However, a detailed understanding regarding how nanomedicine interacts with the intricate environment in complex living systems remains a pressing and challenging goal. Inspired by the diversified membrane structures and functions of natural prototypes, research activities on biomimetic and bioinspired membranes, especially for those cloaking nanosized platforms, have increased exponentially. By taking advantage of the flexible synthesis and multiple functionality of nanomaterials, a variety of unique nanostructures including inorganic nanocrystals and organic polymers have been widely devised to substantially integrate with intrinsic biomoieties such as lipids, glycans, and even cell and bacteria membrane components, which endow these abiotic nanomaterials with specific biological functionalities for the purpose of detailed investigation of the complicated interactions and activities of nanomedicine in living bodies, including their immune response activation, phagocytosis escape, and subsequent clearance from vascular system. In this review, we summarize the strategies established recently for the development of biomimetic membrane-cloaked nanoplatforms derived from inherent host cells (e.g., erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and exosomes) and invasive pathogens (e.g., bacteria and viruses), mainly attributed to their versatile membrane properties in biological fluids. Meanwhile, the promising biomedical applications based on nanoplatforms inspired by diverse moieties, such as selective drug delivery in targeted sites and effective vaccine development for disease prevention, have also been outlined. Finally, the potential challenges and future prospects of the biomimetic membrane-cloaked nanoplatforms are also discussed.

A Sliding-Window T-S Fuzzy Neural Network Model for Prediction of Silicon Content in Hot Metal

Iron making in blast furnace is one of the most complicated industrial processes, especially in its dynamics, inertial properties and multi-scale availabilities. Over the years, researchers have been using silicon content to judge the temperature and the conditions within the blast furnace due to the complexity in measuring the actual status that results from extreme temperatures and intricate environment. Addressing these limitations, a sliding-window Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy neural network(SW-TS FNN) model is proposed to predict the silicon content in hot metal. Through the sliding of a proper width of the sliding-window, the train data for T-S fuzzy neural network(FNN) model can be updated at desired time increments, giving the latest prediction of silicon content. Compared to a simple T-S FNN model on the prediction of silicon content, this SW-TS FNN model shows great improvement at hit rate and mean-square error.

Chapter 38 - Neurologic manifestations of major electrolyte abnormalities

The brain operates in an extraordinarily intricate environment which demands precise regulation of electrolytes. Tight control over their concentrations and gradients across cellular compartments is essential and when these relationships are disturbed neurologic manifestations may develop. Perturbations of sodium are the electrolyte disturbances that most often lead to neurologic manifestations. Alterations in extracellular fluid sodium concentrations produce water shifts that lead to brain swelling or shrinkage. If marked or rapid they can result in profound changes in brain function which are proportional to the degree of cerebral edema or contraction. Adaptive mechanisms quickly respond to changes in cell size by either increasing or decreasing intracellular osmoles in order to restore size to normal. Unless cerebral edema has been severe or prolonged, correction of sodium disturbances usually restores function to normal. If the rate of correction is too rapid or overcorrection occurs, however, new neurologic manifestations may appear as a result of osmotic demyelination syndrome. Disturbances of magnesium, phosphate and calcium all may contribute to alterations in sensorium. Hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia can lead to weakness, muscle spasms, and tetany; the weakness from hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesemia can impair respiratory function. Seizures can be seen in cases with very low concentrations of sodium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphate.

A ‘PNG’ Study into Racial Difference In Contemporary Service Delivery Practices

The people of Papua New Guinea (PNG) and Australia have established linkages through a history of colonisation, Christianity, corporate capitalism and development. This creates an intricate and complex environment within PNG which social relations and interactions occur, between, expatriates, especially Australians, and PNG people. A nuanced understanding of these interactions as they relate to perceived differences in service delivery is likely to generate insights into contemporary understandings of racial differences, colonial legacies and how PNG can ‘develop’ in to a modern society. At issue for PNG people delivering and receiving service, is how differences in service delivery can sometimes translate into debilitating or inequitable interactions.&lt;br /&gt;As part of my honours thesis, I am undertaking a study based on the narrative accounts of PNG people in Cairns (Australia), Port Moresby and Lae (PNG) about their experience of PNG-expatriate interactions within the context of contemporary urban service delivery and business operations. Through the study, specific accounts will highlight the perceptions of the narrators and their remembered actions. At issue will be perceptions that Australian and other expatriates receive better or different service then the PNG narrator.&lt;br /&gt;Undertaking this research as a Papua New Guinean, working specifically with PNG participants will have specific implications on the research process, and on my role as dually, a PNG person and researcher. This research will involve understanding perceptions of PNG people as told to a PNG researcher. I want to explore (i) how being an identified Papua New Guinean impacts research process; (ii) how being an identified researcher documenting the accounts of a known cohort, impacts participant narrative and story-telling; and (iii) the ways being an identified PNG researcher can contribute to the discussion/debate surrounding indigenous research methodologies and the implications of this for PNG specific research. Academics and institutions recognise indigenous methods in undertaking indigenous specific research. PNG people have an identity that is not easily defined as an indigenous identity, given PNG’s unique colonial and post colonial recognition of land ownership and associated forms of local power. Through this paper, I wish to discuss the implications of this in understanding what it means to be PNG, in undertaking PNG specific research.

2P1-P01 カメラによる点検作業のための全方位照明システムの試作

A prototype of an omnidirectional luminaire consists of a hyperboloid mirror and a LED ring illuminance has been developed and evaluated. Our prototype luminaire can assist a camera with wide field of view when it is used for an inspection in a dark and intricate environment. In this paper, we evaluate our prototype to reveal its feature by measuring illuminance and comparison with standard LED ring illuminance.

Sedation assessment in a mobile intensive care unit: a prospective pilot-study on the relation of clinical sedation scales and the bispectral index.

IntroductionThe critically-ill undergoing inter-hospital transfers commonly receive sedatives in continuation of their therapeutic regime or to facilitate a safe transfer shielded from external stressors. While sedation assessment is well established in critical care in general, there is only little data available relating to the special conditions during patient transport and their effect on patient sedation levels. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the feasibility and relationship of clinical sedation assessment (Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS)) and objective physiological monitoring (bispectral index (BIS)) during patient transfers in our Mobile-ICU.MethodsThe levels of sedation of 30 pharmacologically sedated patients were evaluated at 12 to 17 distinct measurement points spread strategically over the course of a transfer by use of the RASS and BIS. To investigate the relation between the RASS and the BIS, Spearman’s squared rank correlation coefficient (ρ2) and the Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient (τ) were calculated. The diagnostic value of the BIS with respect to the RASS was investigated by its sensitivity and positive predictive value for possible patient awakening. Therefore, measurements were dichotomized considering a clinically sensible threshold of 80 for BIS-values and classifying RASS values being nonnegative.ResultsSpearman’s rank correlation resulted to ρ2 = 0.431 (confidence interval (CI) = 0.341 to 0.513). The Kendall’s correlation coefficient was calculated as τ = 0.522 (CI = 0.459 to 0.576). Awakening of patients (RASS ≥0) was detected by a BIS value of 80 and above with a sensitivity of 0.97 (CI = 0.89 to 1.00) and a positive predictive value of 0.59 (CI = 0.45 to 0.71).ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that the BIS-Monitor can be used for the assessment of sedation levels in the intricate environment of a Mobile-ICU, especially when well-established clinical scores as the RASS are impracticable. The use of BIS is highly sensitive in the detection of unwanted awakening of patients during transfers.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13054-014-0615-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Femtosecond Transient Absorption Study of Supramolecularly Assembled Metal Tetrapyrrole–TiO2 Thin Films

Photoexcited electron injection and back electron transfer dynamics of metal tetrapyrrole bound to TiO2 nanoparticle surfaces via the metal–ligand axial coordination approach have been investigated using femtosecond pump–probe transient spectroscopic technique. The employed metal tetrapyrroles include zinc and magnesium metalated meso-tetraarylporphyrins having halogen substituents on the peripheral aryl groups, perfluorinated zinc phthalocyanine derivatives, and zinc naphthalocyanine. The employed metal tetrapyrroles covered absorption at different portions of the visible and near-IR region of the spectrum with excited-state reduction potentials ranging between −0.61 eV and −1.34 V, that is, having energy higher than the TiO2 conduction band edge (−0.57 V vs NHE). Two linkers, pyridine and phenylimidazole, have been employed to visualize electronic coupling between the dye and metal oxide surface for optimal electron injection and back electron transfer dynamics. In agreement with the previously reported photocurrent generation of dye-sensitized solar cells constructed using this self-assembly approach (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 14646), spectral evidence for electron injection from the excited metal tetrapyrrole to the TiO2 nanoparticle in the form of a tetrapyrrole radical cation has been obtained. The time profile of the π-cation radical of tetrapyrroles revealed the occurrence of ultrafast electron injection (time constant = 470–700 fs), while the back electron transfer processes were found to be complicated due to the intricate environment of the metallotetrapyrrole–TiO2 interface.