Intravenous Fluid Infusion Research Articles

An apparatus for the intravenous infusion of fluids into unrestrained cattle during long periods.

An apparatus for the intravenous infusion of fluids into unrestrained cattle during long periods.

Growth of various bacteria in a variety of intravenous fluids

The growth of a variety of commonly encountered bacterial pathogens in several commercially available intravenous infusion fluids was studied. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Mima polymorpha. Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis in concentrations of 104 – 105 colony-forming units/ml were placed in commercially available solutions of 0.9% sodium chloride, Ringer’s lactate, dextrose 5% in Ringer’s lactate, and dextrose 5% in water. The number of viable microorganisms was determined at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours and examined at both 23 C and 37 C. Populations of gram-negative bacilli generally increased by two logs in 24 to 48 hours, both at 23 and 37 C, while gram-positive cocci remained stationary or died off. Tonicity, pH and available nutrients appeared to play major roles in survival and growth, while temperature was less important. Dextrose 5% in water appeared to be the most hostile to bacterial growth, while 0.9% sodium chloride. Ringer’s lactate and dextrose 5% in Ringer’s lactate appeared to be more conducive to growth. In the event of contamination, it is concluded that physicians and pharmacists should expect to encounter primarily gram-negative bacilli; by 48 hours, considerable concentrations of contaminating bacteria can be expected; and despite bacteria concentrations of 106 colony-forming units/ml, no turbidity of fluid will be noted.

Monitoring the critically III patient with the aid of a digital computer

A comprehensive system, including a digital computer, has been developed for intensive monitoring of critically ill patients. Hemodynamic, respiratory, metabolic and electrocardiographic variables are monitored. An automatically operated sample controller is used to facilitate pressure monitoring, flushing of catheters, calibration of pressure transducers and withdrawal of blood samples for blood gas and lactate analyses. The data is displayed in digital, textual and graphic form at the bedside. Physicians, nurses and technicians may enter and retrieve numerical and textual data and initiate procedures. Infusion of intravenous fluids is accomplished with the use of peristaltic pumps under computer control, in response to changes in hemodynamic parameters. A multivariate index of the likelihood of patient survival is computed and displayed in real time. Clinical staff are alerted to significant changes in the values of the automatically monitored variables by a multivariate alarm system.

Therapeutic implications of interaction of gentamicin and penicillins.

Summary The inactivation of gentamicin serum in and intravenous infusion fluids by various penicillins and cephalosporins has been investigated. At therapeutic concentrations no significant inactivation occurred in serum at 37°C, but in the infusion fluids large therapeutic doses of carbenicillin and ampicillin produced a rapid fall in measurable gentamicin concentrations at room temperature. It is nevertheless concluded that the in-vitro inactivation of gentamicin is not a contraindication to the combined use of gentamicin and a penicillin or cephalosporin antibiotic in the treatment of serious sepsis, provided that they are not mixed in intravenous infusion fluids. Where large doses of a penicillin are being administered by continuous intravenous infusion it is recommended that gentamicin should be given by intramuscular or "bolus" intravenous injection.

Therapeutic implications of interaction of gentamicin and penicillins

Summary The inactivation of gentamicin serum in and intravenous infusion fluids by various penicillins and cephalosporins has been investigated. At therapeutic concentrations no significant inactivation occurred in serum at 37°C, but in the infusion fluids large therapeutic doses of carbenicillin and ampicillin produced a rapid fall in measurable gentamicin concentrations at room temperature. It is nevertheless concluded that the in-vitro inactivation of gentamicin is not a contraindication to the combined use of gentamicin and a penicillin or cephalosporin antibiotic in the treatment of serious sepsis, provided that they are not mixed in intravenous infusion fluids. Where large doses of a penicillin are being administered by continuous intravenous infusion it is recommended that gentamicin should be given by intramuscular or bolus intravenous injection.

Intestinal secretion after intravenous fluid infusion in small bowel obstruction

Intestinal secretion after intravenous fluid infusion in small bowel obstruction

FILM review of the month: Intravenous Fluid Infusion: Basic Theory and Practice

"FILM review of the month: Intravenous Fluid Infusion: Basic Theory and Practice." Hospital Topics, 47(8), p. 85

Repair of a Spontaneously Perforated Umbilical Hernia Occurring in Laennec's Cirrhosis and Followed by Intravenous Infusion of Ascitic Fluid

Summary A patient had spontaneous perforation of an umbilical hernia associated with decompensated Laennec's cirrhosis with ascites; successful surgical repair was accomplished under general anesthesia. Abdominal paracentesis was performed, and reinfusion of the fluid intravenously was accomplished without difficulty. A slight rise in the patient's temperature was the only untoward effect. Because of the small amount of fluid reinfused, no conclusions as to beneficial effects can be drawn, but the simplicity of the procedure should encourage further investigation of its merits.

SYSTEMIC CANDIDA TROPICALIS INFECTION TREATED WITH AMPHOTERICIN.

THIS report describes the clinical course and laboratory studies of a case of systemic Candida tropicalis infection successfully treated with amphotericin.Case ReportAn 18-month-old girl contracted proved Haemophilus influenzae meningitis, which responded to treatment with chloramphenicol, tetracycline, penicillin and streptomycin. The convalescent course was satisfactory until the 6th day, when shock developed, responding to intravenous infusion of fluids, epinephrine and steroids. Yeast was identified in the urine, and nystatin (Mycostatin) was initiated by mouth. On the 8th day malaise, vomiting and fever developed. No subdural-fluid collection was detected, and cerebrospinal-fluid examinations on the 5th and 7th days showed decreasing . . .

Ascitic fluid infusion. A method and apparatus for the treatment of ascites.

INTRAVENOUS INFUSION of autogenous ascitic fluid in the treatment of cirrhotic ascites was first employed in 1911 by Gallup. 1 Since that time it has been utilized to a limited extent by several investigators. Renewed interest during the past few years has been evidenced by Britton, 2 and Yamahiro and Reynolds. 3 The concept of prolonged continuous and simultaneous paracentesis and intravenous infusion of unmodified autogenous ascitic fluid was introduced by one of us in 1961. 4 This procedure combines the benefits of abdominal paracentesis with restoration of the blood volume towards normal, and conservation of electrolytes and serum proteins. The purpose of this paper is to describe the use of a disposable plastic apparatus which was recently developed for this procedure. The simplicity of the procedure should allow its use in any hospital. Apparatus The apparatus consists of a plastic bag with a capacity of approximately 500 ml, a

Changes in heart rate on intravenous infusion in dogs with chronic cardiac denervation.

Discussion and conclusionsIn all cases, an increase in heart rate resulted from intravenous infusion of fluid into dogs with chronic cardiac denervation, the increments ranging from 4 to 31 beats per minute. In those cases in which it was measured, right atrial pressure increased; in individual experiments, the increase in pressure was proportional to the volume infused. In the experiments with dextran, the maximal increase in right atrial pressure preceded the maximal increase in heart rate by intervals ranging from 4 to 54 minutes. Part of this wide variation was explained by the fact that the peak of the increase in rate often was approached so slowly that it was difficult to locate it precisely in relation to the time axis. In the experiments with saline, there was a clearly defined lag of 2 1/2 minutes in the example shown in Fig. 1, but in the others the small degree of cardiac acceleration made it impossible to decide if a lag was present. Similarly, a lag between the maximal increase in venous pre...

Autogenous ascitic infusion in the management of the cirrhotic surgical patient.

OPERATIONS UPON PATIENTS with ascites carry an operative risk greater than that of similar procedures upon patients suffering from the same basic disease but free of ascites. Removal of the ascites either preoperatively or at laparotomy results in hemodynamic changes and loss of water, electrolytes and protein which not infrequently lead to vascular collapse, hepatic decompensation, and other metabolic complications. If the fluid is not aspirated preoperatively, respiratory function may be impaired. Furthermore, uncontrolled leakage of the fluid during an abdominal operation and through the incision postoperatively enhances the possibility of infection. Interest has been renewed recently in the treatment of medically refractory, cirrhotic ascites by simultaneous abdominal paracentesis and intravenous infusion of unmodified autogenous ascitic fluid. 1-3 Metabolic studies during 13 such procedures have been reported. 4 It has proved to be a safe, simple, and efficacious adjunct to the management of this problem. It produces a prompt

Intravenous infusion of ascitic fluid.

The medical management of cirrhotic ascites has improved greatly during the past few years. There remains, however, a group of patients who either respond slowly or not at all to the most active medical program. In these individuals it is frequently advisable and necessary to remove fluid from the abdomen by paracentesis. Unfortunately, such treatment has been far from satisfactory. If small amounts of fluid are withdrawn, relief is only partial and often of short duration. On the other hand, if the abdomen is emptied, large amounts of body protein are wasted in individuals who can ill afford the loss. In addition, this procedure is frequently followed by reformation of ascites, hyponatremia, hypovolemia, and occasionally hepatic coma.⁸The present report describes the results obtained following the simultaneous withdrawal and continuous intravenous administration of unmodified autogenous ascitic fluid in patients with cirrhotic ascites. It is our impression that this method

CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION IN THE RAT, AND THE EFFECT ON THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS OF THE CONTINUOUS INFUSION OF GLUCOSE

A method is described for the continuous intravenous infusion of fluids in the unanesthetized rat. When rats were infused continuously with glucose solutions for 6–14 days the total amount of islet tissue was greatly increased, as compared to that of saline-infused controls. This increase was evident also when considered in relation to pancreas weight or body weight.

CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION IN THE RAT, AND THE EFFECT ON THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS OF THE CONTINUOUS INFUSION OF GLUCOSE

A method is described for the continuous intravenous infusion of fluids in the unanesthetized rat. When rats were infused continuously with glucose solutions for 6–14 days the total amount of islet tissue was greatly increased, as compared to that of saline-infused controls. This increase was evident also when considered in relation to pancreas weight or body weight.

GROWTH OF BACTERIA IN INTRAVENOUS INFUSION FLUIDS

GROWTH OF BACTERIA IN INTRAVENOUS INFUSION FLUIDS