Intracanal Calcium Hydroxide Research Articles

Evaluation of the effect of calcium hydroxide and endodontic irrigants on the push-out bond strength of fiber post - an in vitro study.

BackgroundIn recent years, fibre-reinforced composite posts have been proposed for the restoration of root filled teeth as an alternative to pre-fabricated posts or metal dowels.Aims and objectivesThe aim of the study was to analyze the effect of endodontic irrigants used for removal of calcium hydroxide on the push-out bond strength of fiber posts to root canal dentin.MethodsForty human permanent single-rooted mandibular premolars with relatively straight roots were taken and access cavities were prepared and biomechanical preparation done using Rotar Y protaper file till size F2. The samples were divided into Experimental group and Control group. In Experimental groups Intracanal dressing of calcium hydroxide was removed by 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA (Group1), MTAD (Group II) and Qmix (Group III). Control group did not receive Intracanal calcium hydroxide dressing. Canals were obturated using size F2 protaper gutta-percha points and AH plus sealer. After storage for 24 hours, post space was prepared. Forty Tenax fiber post (Coltene) were cemented with Rely X U200 resin. The roots were then transversally sectioned into 3 slices of 1mm thickness corresponding to cervical, middle and apical third. The slices obtained were subjected to micro-push-out bond strength test using a universal testing machine. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA test. P value of .05 was considered as statistically significant level.ResultsThe mean push-out bond strength values for controls, NaOCl/EDTA, MTAD and QMIX group at cervical third were 10.17, 15.84, 20.39 and 20.98 whereas at apical third 4.78, 8.85, 11.66 and 12.10.ConclusionQmix showed higher push-out bond strength values followed by MTAD and NaOCl/EDTA. All the groups showed lowest push-out bond strength values in the apical third followed by middle and the maximum in the cervical region.

The effect of intracanal calcium hydroxide and MTA obturation on inflammatory external root resorption

The effect of intracanal calcium hydroxide and MTA obturation on inflammatory external root resorption

Evaluation of Intracanal Calcium Hydroxide Removal with Different Techniques: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Intracanal calcium hydroxide removal with different techniques. Seventy-five freshly extracted, non-carious, single canalled lower first premolars, having anatomic characteristics similar to each other, extracted for the orthodontic purpose were collected. After the root canal preparation, Calcium hydroxide was placed into the working length using lentulo spiral instrument till the medicament was visible at the apex. The specimens were segregated into three groups; Group 1: Rotary Files, Group 2: EndoVac system and Group 3: Ultrasonics. The evaluation was done with SEM in the coronal and apical third of the roots with a magnification of 1000x. The statistical analysis was done using statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) software, version 20.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant statistically. Maximum removal of Ca(OH)2 was analyzed in the EndoVac system (2.90 ± 0.12) followed by the rotary files (1.76 ± 0.26) and least was seen with Ultrasonics (1.32 ± 0.14). The p-value of 0.001 was seen between the coronal and apical third with the EndoVac system which is statistically significant. The significant difference statistically was observed between Rotary Files vs. Ultrasonics at apical third and with the EndoVac system vs. Ultrasonics at coronal third as well as at the apical third with p-value 0.001. It can be concluded that the EndoVac technique was effective in removing Ca(OH)2 medicament from the coronal and apical third of the root canal significantly. Calcium hydroxide removal before the obturation was of priority as the Ca(OH)2 remnants have a negative impact of the ability for sealing the obturation material. Therefore, having a complete knowledge regarding the effective technique is much important.

Antimicrobial properties of calcium hydroxide dressing when used for long-term application: A systematic review.

This review aims to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of calcium hydroxide against endodontic pathogens when used for 7 days or longer. A systematic electronic literature search was performed in the PubMed, Embase and EBSCO Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source databases using appropriate key words to identify investigations written in the English language that examined the association between the contact time of intracanal calcium hydroxide dressing and its antimicrobial properties. There were no exclusions based on study design. The search yielded 6993 publications. After duplicate removal, 5913 publications were identified and 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that the antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide for contact times ranging between seven and 45 days is comparable. Two studies demonstrated contradictory findings when exposure was extended to more than 45 days. Future studies are warranted to investigate and optimise calcium hydroxide application for longer periods and identify the potential benefits of its use in clinical settings.

Impact of Intracanal Calcium Hydroxide or Triple Antibiotic Paste on Bond Strength of Root Canal Sealers: An In Vitro Study

Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the effects of intracanal treatments with calcium hydroxide (CH) or triple antibiotic paste (TAP) on bond strength of a calcium silicate-based sealer (MTA Fillapex) and an epoxy resin- based sealer (MM Seal). Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted maxillary central incisors were prepared with a rotary system to size 40. The specimens were randomly divided into two groups, which received either intracanal CH or TAP. After rinsing, the teeth in each group were further divided into two additional groups, which were obturated with gutta percha and either the MTA Fillapex or MM Seal root canal sealer. Then, slices were obtained from three sections of the canal (coronal, middle, and apical). A push-out test was performed to measure the bond strength between the root canal dentin and the sealer. Results: The push-out bond strengths of the root canal sealers were significantly affected by the type of intracanal medicament. Both the sealers showed bond strengths that were nearly two-fold higher after TAP application than after CH application, and these results were independent of the position along the canal. Conclusions: The use of TAP rather than CH improves the bond strength of calcium silicate- and epoxy resin-based sealers throughout the root canal.

An in vitro study: Evaluation of intracanal calcium hydroxide removal with different file systems

Background: Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is the most commonly used intracanal material; it needs to be removed in entirety before obturation. Several techniques have been used for the same including use of various hand and rotary files. Aim: This study was carried out to compare the efficacy of Hand K files and single and multiple rotary file system in removal of Ca(OH)2. Methodology: Distobuccal root of 45 maxillary molars were selected on the basis of specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were divided into three groups - Group 1 (H and K file), Group 2 (HERO Shaper), and Group 3 (One Shape). Biomechanical preparation (BMP) was carried out as per the manufacturer's instructions; 2.5% sodium hypochlorite was used as the irrigant and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as the penultimate irrigant. Ca(OH)2powder was mixed with normal saline to obtain a paste; canals were filled with this paste using a Lentulo spiral and were sealed. After 7 days, Ca(OH)2was removed, using the same file system as that used for BMP. Samples were sectioned longitudinally and evaluated under a stereomicroscope. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out using one-way analysis of variance test. Results: HERO Shaper displayed better removal of Ca(OH)2than One Shape and Hand K file. Moreover, removal was better in the middle third of canal than apical third. Conclusion: Multiple rotary file system (HERO Shaper) is more effective in removal of Ca(OH)2than the single file system (One Shape)

Effect of Intra-Canal Calcium Hydroxide Remnants on the Push-Out Bond Strength of Two Endodontic Sealers.

Introduction:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intra-canal calcium hydroxide (CH) remnants after ultrasonic irrigation and hand file removal on the push out bond strength of AH-26 and EndoSequence Bioceramic sealer (BC Sealer). Methods and Materials:A total of 102 single-rooted extracted human teeth were used in this study. After root canal preparation up to 35/0.04 Mtwo rotary file, all the specimens received CH dressing except for 34 specimens in the control group. After 1 week, the specimens with CH were divided into 2 groups (n=34) based on the CH removal technique; i.e. either with ultrasonic or with #35 hand file. Then specimens were divided into two subgroups according to the sealer used for root canal obturation: AH-26 or BC Sealer. After 7 days, 1 mm-thick disks were prepared from the middle portion of the specimens. The push out bond strength and failure mode were evaluated. Data were analyzed by the two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests. Results:The push out bond strength of both sealers was lower in specimens receiving CH. These values were significantly higher when CH was removed by ultrasonic (P<0.05). The dominant mode of failure in all subgroups was of mixed type except for the BC Sealer specimens undergoing CH removal with hand file which dominantly exhibited adhesive mode of failure. Conclusion:CH remnants had a negative effect on the push out bond strength of AH-26 and BC Sealer. Ultrasonic irrigation was more effective in removing CH.

Effectiveness of NaviTip FX on Intracanal Calcium Hydroxide Removal

La presencia de hidroxido de calcio post-irrigacion compromete la limpieza y la permeabilidad de la pared de la dentina durante el tratamiento endodontico. El objetivo deste estudio fue evaluar la eficacia de la canula de irrigacion Navitip Fx en la eliminacion de hidroxido de calcio intracanalicular. Veintidos dientes unirradiculares humanos fueron divididos aleatoriamente de acuerdo con la canula de irrigacion, despues de la eliminacion del hidroxido de calcio, en grupos: G1- Navitip; G2- Navitip FX, ambos con n= 9; asi como los grupos de control positivos y negativos, con n= 2. Las muestras fueron analizadas bajo microscopia electronica de barrido, con magnificacion de 500x. La diferencia entre los grupos fue analizada con la prueba t de Student (p 0,01). En el tercio apical, el grupo G2 presento mejor limpieza en comparacion con el grupo G1 (p= 0,0007). En el tercio medio, no se observaron diferencias entre los grupos. La canula de irrigacion Navitip FX muestra una mayor eficiencia en la eliminacion de la medicacion hidroxido de calcio en comparacion con Navitip canula en el tercio apical del canal.

Single- versus two-visit pulpectomy treatment in primary teeth with apical periodontitis: A double-blind, parallel group, randomized controlled trial.

Reduction of the bacterial populations to levels compatible with periradicular tissue healing is the primary microbiological goal of the endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis. The number of visits required to treat teeth with apical periodontitis represents one of the most debatable issues in endodontics. The objective of this study was to compare and evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcome of single- versus two-visit pulpectomy treatment in primary teeth with apical periodontitis at the end of 6-month healing period. A parallel group, double-blind, randomized controlled trial was carried out in 64 children aged 4-8 years. Nonvital primary teeth with apical periodontitis with enough coronal structure were selected. Sixty-four children were assigned randomly into two groups (32 children each) by block randomization, and allocation concealment was done with closed envelop method. Group I underwent single-visit pulpectomy followed by obturation with zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE). Group II underwent conventional two-visit pulpectomy with intracanal calcium hydroxide, followed by obturation with ZOE. Postoperative clinical and radiographic evaluation was carried out at 1, 3, and 6 months after the end of the treatment. The data were analyzed by Wilcoxon's signed rank test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Friedman test. There was no statistically significant difference in clinical and radiographic outcomes in both the groups at the end of 6-month healing period. Single-visit pulpectomy can be considered as a viable option for the treatment of primary teeth with apical periodontitis.

Salvaging the Mutilated Internally Resorbed and Perforated Maxillary Incisor-One Year Six Months Follow-Up.

A 28-year-old male patient reported with the chief complaint of hollowing and discoloration of upper front teeth. The teeth were traumatized 10-12 years back [Table/Fig-1a]. Patient had undergone root canal treatment of 21 seven years back. Root canal of 12 was accessed elsewhere two days before the patient reported to the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics at Hitkarini Dental College and Hospital, Jabalpur, India. [Table/Fig-1a,b]: (a) Pre-operative picture showing hollowed and discoloured 11 and discoloured 21 and pre-operative IOPA radiograph revealed Internal resorption in 11, iatrogenic lateral perforation in 12, incomplete obturation in 21. On intraoral examination, there was a draining sinus, in relation to carious 11. Periodontal examination revealed a clinical probing depth of 5 mm in relation to 11, measured with Naber’s probe. Intraoral periapical radiograph revealed internal resorption in 11, iatrogenic lateral perforation with 12, incomplete obturation of 21[Table/Fig-1a]. Endodontic treatment of 11, 12 and re-treatment of 21 followed by flap debridement along with placement of MTA and PRF at the perforation site was planned. First phase included Tooth 11: After complete removal of infected dentin and irrigation with sodium hypochlorite. Working length was radiographically determined. Intracanal calcium hydroxide paste was placed and access cavity was sealed with Cavit temporary filling material. On recall examination next week, the sinus opening disappeared. The calcium hydroxide was flushed out and canal was irrigated with normal saline. After drying the canal with paper points, sectional obturation was performed using 60 (2%) master cone by vertical compaction with appropriate sized hand plugger, using AH-Plus sealer. After sectional obturation a fiber post was cemented with a core buildup material [Table/Fig-1b]. Tooth 12: Pulp was extirpated after modification of access cavity. The canal was cleaned and shaped. Tooth was obturated with gutta percha using lateral compaction method [Table/Fig-1b]. Tooth 21: Complete removal of gutta purcha was done using rotary re-treatment files and H file. After cleaning and shaping, ortho grade obturation was done with 70 (2%) master cone with lateral compaction [Table/Fig-1b]. Patient was recalled for 2nd phase of treatment. Full thickness mucoperiosteal flap was reflected extending from middle of the canine region of 1st quadrant to distal of lateral incisor of 2nd quadrant. The perforation site was exposed [Table/Fig-2a, 2b]. [Table/Fig-2a,f]: (a),(b) Mucoperiosteal flap raised and perforation site exposed. All the granulation tissue was curetted. The surgical field was cleaned, dried and MTA was placed at the site of perforation [Table/Fig-2c]. Intravenous blood was collected and PRF was prepared in a centrifugation machine [Table/Fig-2d]. After which PRF was placed on the surgical field [Table/Fig-2e]. The mucoperiosteal flap was repositioned and simple interrupted sutures were given using absorbable vicryl suture. Post-operative care was explained to the patient, with instructions to report back after a week for checkup [Table/Fig-2f]. After one month, fixed crowns were placed. Follow-up recall demonstrated satisfactory healing [Table/Fig-3b-3e,3g,3h]. Periodontal examination revealed reduction in clinical probing depth of 5 mm to 3 mm in relation to 11, measured with Naber’s probe. [Table/Fig-3a,f]: Preoperative IOPA radiograph and picture, recall IOPA radiograph and picture b) one month, c) six months, d), g)one year demonstrating 3mm probing depth, e), h)one year six months.

Management of Dentoalveolar Trauma in Late Mixed Dentition

Dentoalveolar trauma leading to intrusion and lateral luxation of maxillary lateral and central permanent incisor in late mixed dentition phase is reported. The laterally luxated central incisor tooth was splinted for 3 weeks. Endodontic treatment of the same with intracanal calcium hydroxide dressing and subsequent obturation with gutta-percha was accomplished after splint removal. The intruded lateral incisor was kept under observation to allow spontaneous re-eruption. Clinical and radiographic follow-up to 9 months revealed satisfactory periodontal healing of the repositioned maxillary central incisor and passive re-eruption of intruded lateral incisor. The central incisor was esthetically restored and mouthgaurd was fabricated to prevent future injuries to the dentition.

Intra-canal calcium hydroxide removal by two rotary systems: A comparative study.

Aim:The presence of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in the root canal interferes with the apical root canal sealing and may result in periapical lesions in the long run. The present study was aimed to compare the efficacy of two rotary systems of Race and Mtwo in the removal of Ca (OH)2 aqueous-based from distobuccal canals of human maxillary molars.Materials and Methods:A total of 44 distobuccal root canals of human maxillary molars were randomly distributed into two groups of 20 canals each and two control groups. Specimens in each group were instrumented with similar master apical rotary (MAR) and flexible files according to the manufacture's guidelines. The Ca (OH)2 paste was placed in canals using # 20 lentulo and radiographs were taken from the two dimensions. The roots were incubated for 1 week at 37°C and 100% humidity and Ca (OH)2 was removed from canals by MAR, afterward. Then, the roots were longitudinally split in halves by diamond disk and chisel without entering the root canals. Photos were taken from the canals’ walls by a stereomicroscope with × 10 magnification. Next, according to a defined scoring system, photos were scored by four endodontists, so that scores 1 and 2 (nonvisible remnants or scattered remnants of Ca(OH)2) were considered as acceptable and scores 3 and 4 (distinct mass or densely-packed mass of Ca(OH)2) were regarded as nonacceptable.Results:The obtained findings indicated that in coronal, middle, and apical portions of the root canal, 45, 60, and 65% of Mtwo specimens and 40, 50, and 55% of specimens prepared by the Race system acquired an acceptable score (1 and 2), respectively. Moreover, the results showed no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05).Conclusions:Both Mtwo and Race rotary systems with acceptable removal efficiency (score 1 and 2) were similarly able to remove Ca(OH)2

Aspectos técnicos envolvidos na remoção da medicação intracanal de hidróxido de cálcio

The search for an effective method of microbial control has been a constant concern in endodontics. The aim of this literature review was to discuss the technical aspects related to the removal of intracanal calcium hydroxide. As an adjunct to sanifi cation and microbial control, calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] intracanal medication is more suitable in cases of pulp necrosis and chronic periapical lesions. However, it is not easily removed from the root canal, and its residue can affect the interface quality of the endodontic fi lling, especially when a resin sealer is used. The removal effi cacy of Ca(OH)2 medication has been investigated using several products and techniques, such as auxiliary chemicals, recapitulation with memory instrument and passive ultrasonic activation. The literature unanimously recognizes the persistence of residues with all the reported methods, particularly in the apical third, and ultrasonic activation has shown the best results in the removal of Ca(OH)2 medication.

Evaluation of Triple Antibiotic Paste Removal by Different Irrigation Procedures

IntroductionRegenerative endodontics aims to re-establish a functional pulp-dentin complex. First, the root canal system is disinfected primarily by irrigants and medicaments. Triple antibiotic paste (TAP), a commonly used intracanal medicament, has been shown to be directly toxic to stem cells at concentrations greater than 0.1 g/mL. Thus, its complete removal is a crucial step in regenerative endodontic procedures. We hypothesized that currently used irrigation techniques do not completely remove TAP from root canal system. MethodsTAP was radiolabeled by the incorporation of I125, and calcium hydroxide (Ultracal; Ultradent, South Jordan, UT) was radiolabeled with Ca45. The intracanal medicaments were placed into standardized human root segments and incubated for 28 days at 37°C. Then, canals were irrigated with EndoActivator (Dentsply, Tulsa, OK), passive ultrasonic irrigation, EndoVac (SybronEndo, Coppell, TX), or a syringe/Max-i-Probe needle (Dentsply Rinn, Elgin, IL) using a standardized irrigation protocol in a closed system. Radioactivity levels (counts per minute values) were measured for each tooth before and after the irrigation protocols. Furthermore, the canals were sequentially enlarged and dentin samples collected and evaluated for radioactivity. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc testing (P < .05). ResultsApproximately 88% of the TAP was retained in the root canal system regardless of the irrigation technique used (no difference among groups). Furthermore, approximately 50% of the radiolabeled TAP was present circumferentially up to 350 μm within the dentin. Conversely, up to 98% of the radiolabeled intracanal calcium hydroxide was removed, and most residual medicament was found present in the initial 50 μm of dentin. ConclusionsCurrent irrigation techniques do not effectively remove TAP from root canal systems, possibly because of its penetration and binding into dentin. However, calcium hydroxide is effectively removed with significant less residual presence.

Management of foreign object in the root canal of central incisor tooth

There are several reports describing the impaction of foreign objects into the exposed pulp chambers and canals by patients, especially children as they often have the habit of inserting foreign objects in the oral cavity. These objects will become a potent source of infection.This case report describes the retrieval of a foreign object impacted into the root canal of a 12-year-old male patient who was referred to the endodontic specialty clinic at Taibah University College of Dentistry. The patient's chief complaint was a pain in the upper left central tooth. Clinical examination revealed a complicated enamel-dentin fracture with a large caries cavity. A periapical radiographic image showed a radiopaque object in the root canal system. Stainless steel Hedstrom files were used to retrieve the object from the canal. Following a proper cleaning and shaping of the root canal system, an intra-canal calcium hydroxide dressing was placed for 1 week. The root canal system was then filled with sealer and gutta-percha using the lateral compaction technique and the tooth received an aesthetic restoration.

Irreversible local sequelae of inadvertent extrusion of calcium hydroxide intra-canal medication: a case report

Calcium hydroxide is a highly alkaline bacteriocidal intra-canal medicament. We present the case of a patient who developed anaesthesia of upper lip and cheek on the right side of her face following the placement of intra-canal calcium hydroxide medicament into tooth 16 and the inadvertent extrusion of this paste. A route, along which the paste tracked, is proposed to account for the neural changes. The clinical presentation, radiographic investigations, treatment is outlined and discussed. The mechanism of toxicity of the paste is reviewed.

Mineral trioxide aggregate root canal filling of traumatized immature tooth

An 8-year-old female patient reported to the dental clinic seeking a help to save her traumatized maxillary left central incisor. The tooth had been treated with a temporary filling by a general dentist. The coronal tooth structure was intact, discolored, and a temporary filling was placed on the access opening. She gave a history of trauma about 3 years back. An intraoral periapical radiograph revealed an open apex and dentin bridge in the middle of the root canal. The root canal and the access opening were filled with very poor filling. The tooth was managed successfully by conservative means using intracanal calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament, followed by mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) filling. The access opening was filled with glass ionomer and composite resin restoration. One year and 6-month follow-up demonstrated a clinically asymptomatic and adequately functional tooth, with radiological signs of apical regeneration.

Effect of Occlusal Reduction on Postoperative Pain in Teeth with Irreversible Pulpitis and Mild Tenderness to Percussion

IntroductionPain management after root canal treatment is a very important issue in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of occlusal reduction on postoperative pain in teeth with irreversible pulpitis and tenderness to percussion. MethodsFifty-four posterior vital teeth with sensitivity to percussion requiring endodontic treatment were included in this study. After administration of local anesthesia, the root canals were instrumented, and an intracanal calcium hydroxide dressing was placed. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups of 27 each. In 1 group the occlusal surface was reduced (OR group), whereas in the other group the occlusal surface was not modified (no occlusal reduction, NOR group). Each patient was asked to record their postoperative pain on a visual analogue scale with 4 categories at 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, 1 day, and then daily for 6 days after this treatment. Data were analyzed by t test, Cochran Q, χ2, and Mann-Whitney tests. ResultsForty-six patients returned the visual analogue scale forms. There was no significant difference in postoperative pain between the 2 groups (P > .05) after root canal preparation and calcium hydroxide dressing. ConclusionsOcclusal surface reduction did not provide any further reduction in postoperative pain for teeth with irreversible pulpitis and mild tenderness to percussion compared with no occlusal reduction.

Effect of irrigants using ultrasonics on intracanal calcium hydroxide removal – an in vitro comparative evaluation

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of various irrigating solutions on calcium hydroxide (Apex cal and RC cal) removal with the use of ultrasonics. Methods: The root canals of 120 single-rooted maxillary central incisors were prepared using the stepback technique. The teeth were decoronated and split longitudinally. After filling, the two halves of roots were reassembled with sticky wax and each group was further divided into four subgroups according to the irrigating solution: Smear Clear, 10% citric acid, 5% EDTA and 3% NaOCl. Evaluation for cleanliness was done under a microscope with ×12.5 magnification. Statistical analysis was done with Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney tests at 5% level of significance. Results: There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) for calcium hydroxide (Apex Cal and RC Cal) removal by different irrigants. There were more residues in the apical groove than in the coronal groove (p<0.05). Conclusions: When the different irrigants were compared at coronal and apical levels, Smear Clear and citric acid were more effective in calcium hydroxide removal than EDTA and NaOCl.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Iranian and Korean Injectable Intracanal Calcium Hydroxide on Candida albicans, In vitro

: Background: Candida albicans is one of the mouth normal flora which may cause failures in endodontics. The resistance of C. albicans to intracanal medicaments such as calcium hydroxide could reduce success rate root canal treatments .Objectives: Due to recivening some reports regarding resistance of C. albicans to calcium hydroxide from different parts of the world, the aim of this study was to evaluate anti candidal effects of Iranian and Korean made injectable calcium hydroxide and to compare the results.Materials and Methods: In the present research, the antifungal effects of calcium hydroxide on seven clinical isolates and one standard strain of C. albicans were evaluated. For this evaluation, two methods were used including: inhibition zone and colony count. In all experiments distilled water and clotrimazole were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. In order to evaluate the effects of exposure time of calcium hydroxide on C. albicans growth, 30” , 5’ , 1 and 24 hours of incubation periods were applied. In addition, to evaluate role the effect of calcium hydroxide concentration samples with saturated, 1/10, 1/100 and 1/1000 dilutions and also a saturated one were used.Results: According to inhibition zone method, the mean diameters of C. albicans for Iranian and Korean made calcium hydroxide and clotrimazole were 17, 13 and 22 mm, respectively. Iranian and Korean calcium hydroxide did not show any anti candidal effects. By colony counting method, it was found that in longer exposure time, Iranian and Korean calcium hydroxide have more anti candidal effects , but no significant difference was observed between the two. Saturated and all other dilutions of calcium hydroxide base material indicated a significant statistical difference in anti candidal effect after 24 hours exposure in comparison with other periods.Conclusions: The Current study, confirmed that the inhibitory effect of Iranian and Korean calcium hydroxide on C. albicans, up to 24 hours is within low range . Higher concentrations of base calcium hydroxide, showed greater inhibition zone on C. albicans . Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:The results of present study indicated uncomplete compatibility of susceptibility of C. albicans strains to calcium hydroxide, therefoe, it seems continious evaluation is necessary in different geographical region. Please cite this paper as:Rafiei N, Eftekhar B, Rafiei A, Pourmahdi Borujeni M, Zarrin M. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Iranian and Korean Injectable Intracanal Calcium Hydroxide on Candida albicans, In vitro. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2012;5(3):470-3. DOI: 10.5812/jjm.3409 Copyright© 2012 Kowsar Corp. All rights reserved.