Chronic Disease Management Interventions Research Articles

Enhancing caregiver resilience: A systematic review of interventions for chronic disease management

Introduction: Caregivers of patients with chronic diseases (PwCD) devote a substantial amount of energy to the care of their PwCD. This study aimed to review interventions fostering resilience in caregivers of PwCD. Methods: A systematic review of literature published either through databases Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Magiran, and SID or Google Scholar search engine was undertaken. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA review guidelines. Results: Ten studies were included in this review. Quantitative data provides empirical support for the advantages of psychoeducation, mindfulness-based intervention, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based intervention, and strengthening family coping resources approach, supportive-educational program based on COPE (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced) model and commitment therapy. Seven out of ten included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Conclusion: The present review revealed that psychoeducation, mindfulness-based intervention, CBT-based intervention, strengthening family coping resources approach, supportive-educational Program based on COPE model, and commitment therapy may promote resilience amongst the caregivers of PwCD. Although, it remains unclear which specific intervention would be the most efficacious in improving resilience. Additional rigorous clinical trials are necessary to fortify the current limited evidence base for interventions targeting caregiver resilience.

The Role Of Machine Learning In Transforming Healthcare: A Systematic Review

This systematic review explores the transformative role of machine learning (ML) in healthcare, focusing on its applications in disease diagnosis, personalized medicine, healthcare operations, and patient monitoring. By analyzing 167 peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2024, the review highlights how ML algorithms have significantly improved early disease detection, treatment personalization, and operational efficiencies in healthcare settings. Findings reveal that ML-powered diagnostic tools, especially deep learning models, demonstrate accuracy levels comparable to human experts in areas like cancer detection. Additionally, ML models tailored for personalized medicine have shown promise in optimizing treatment protocols based on genetic profiles, reducing adverse reactions and improving patient outcomes. In healthcare operations, ML applications have streamlined hospital resource management, enhanced workflow efficiency, and reduced administrative burdens through predictive analytics and natural language processing (NLP). Moreover, ML-driven remote patient monitoring systems have enabled proactive interventions for chronic disease management. Despite these advancements, challenges related to data privacy, algorithmic transparency, and regulatory compliance persist. Addressing these barriers is critical for realizing the full potential of ML in healthcare, ensuring ethical deployment and equitable access. The review concludes by emphasizing the need for robust regulatory frameworks and further research to enhance the integration of ML technologies into clinical practice.

Validity And Reliability Of Digital Health Education On Diabetic Foot Care Based On Health Belief Model Among Type Ii Diabetic Patients

The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of digital health education on diabetic foot care among type II diabetic patients using the Health Belief Model (HBM). A total of 30 participants were recruited from local diabetes clinics to receive digital health education focused on diabetic foot care practices. To ensure the validity and reliability of the assessment tools, we employed multiple methods. Content validity was established through expert reviews, while construct validity was examined using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), which confirmed a good factor structure aligned with the HBM constructs. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency, which showed acceptable values ranging from 0.67 to 0.84, and test-retest reliability with Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) ranging from 0.74 to 0.78. The results indicate that the digital health education program significantly improved the participants' understanding and practices related to diabetic foot care. These findings underscore the potential of digital education interventions for chronic disease management, particularly for enhancing self-care behaviors in diabetic patients. Future studies should consider larger sample sizes to further validate these tools and results. Overall, this study provides evidence supporting the effectiveness of digital health education for diabetic foot care and validates the reliability and validity of the instruments used.

Impact of community-based multidomain preventive health program on healthcare utilisation among elderly persons in Singapore: a propensity score matched and difference-in-differences study

ObjectivesAgeing populations present substantial challenges for healthcare systems. Community-based health worker (CHW) interventions for promoting healthy ageing and preventing/managing non-communicable diseases have gained considerable attention in recent years. This study...

About the Editor: Stephanie L. Fitzpatrick, PhD: Behavioral and Social Care Interventions for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management

About the Editor: Stephanie L. Fitzpatrick, PhD: Behavioral and Social Care Interventions for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management

Combating Chronic Disease with Barbershop Health Interventions: A Review of Current Knowledge and Potential for Big Data.

Community-based participatory research (CBPR) using barbershop interventions is an emerging approach to address health disparities and promote health equity. Barbershops serve as trusted community settings for health education, screening services, and referrals. This narrative mini-review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding CBPR employing barbershop interventions and explores the potential for big data involvement to enhance the impact and reach of this approach in combating chronic disease. CBPR using barbershop interventions has shown promising results in reducing blood pressure among Black men and improving diabetes awareness and self-management. By increasing testing rates and promoting preventive behaviors, barbershop interventions have been successful in addressing infectious diseases, including HIV and COVID-19. Barbershops have also played roles in promoting cancer screening and increasing awareness of cancer risks, namely prostate cancer and colorectal cancer. Further, leveraging the trusted relationships between barbers and their clients, mental health promotion and prevention efforts have been successful in barbershops. The potential for big data involvement in barbershop interventions for chronic disease management offers new opportunities for targeted programs, real-time monitoring, and personalized approaches. However, ethical considerations regarding privacy, confidentiality, and data ownership need to be carefully addressed. To maximize the impact of barbershop interventions, challenges such as training and resource provision for barbers, cultural appropriateness of interventions, sustainability, and scalability must be addressed. Further research is needed to evaluate long-term impact, cost-effectiveness, and best practices for implementation. Overall, barbershops have the potential to serve as key partners in addressing chronic health disparities and promoting health equity.

Impact of a Nurse-Led Chronic Disease Management Intervention Model on Quality of Care and Satisfaction of Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

Objective: To explore the impact of a nurse-led chronic disease management model on the quality of care and satisfaction of maintenance hemodialysis patients. Methods: 72 patients who received maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) from June 2021 to March 2022 were selected to undergo the nurse-led chronic disease management model. The hemodialysis indexes, nutritional status, and the occurrence of adverse events were assessed after 24 weeks of the intervention, and patients’ satisfaction was investigated and analyzed. Results: Comparing pre-intervention and after 24 weeks of intervention, urea reduction rate and urea clearance were improved but not statistically different (P > 0.05), but β2-microglobulin was significantly reduced compared with pre-intervention (P < 0.05); after 24 weeks of intervention, the effect of decreasing blood calcium, parathyroid hormone, and potassium levels was not obvious (P > 0.05), and the level of blood phosphorus decreased significantly compared with pre-intervention (P < 0.01), albumin and hemoglobin levels were increased and better than before intervention (P < 0.05); after 24 weeks of intervention, the incidence of intradialytic hypotension and hypertension was lower than before intervention (P < 0.05), and the total incidence of complications was significantly lower than before intervention (P < 0.01); there was no significant difference in the Self-Depression Scale scores after 24 weeks of intervention (P > 0.05), and Self-Anxiety Scale scores were significantly lower and better than before intervention (P < 0.01). Patient satisfaction was greatly improved, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The chronic disease management intervention model led by specialized nurses is conducive to improving the psychological state and nutritional status of dialysis patients, enhancing the adequacy of dialysis for patients, reducing the incidence of related complications, and ultimately achieving the purpose of improving the quality of life of patients, which has significant clinical value.

Evaluating A Multicomponent Chronic Disease Management Pilot Intervention among Korean Patients with Hypertension and Diabetes.

A local clinic-based chronic disease management intervention including care planning, education about disease management, monitoring, and evaluation of the achievement of objects was introduced in Korea in 2019. We evaluated the effect of the intervention on medication adherence in patients with hypertension and diabetes. In 2019, a one-year retrospective case-control group study design was performed using data from the National Health Insurance Service in Korea. Propensity score matching was used to control for selection bias. Medication adherence, calculated by medication possession rate, was the dependent variable. We conducted multivariate logistic regression analyses to examine the association between participation in the intervention and medication adherence, adjusting for covariates. A control group was set as a reference for participation in the full/partial component intervention. The proportions of participants in the full component intervention in the experimental group were 43.2% and 42.6% for patients with hypertension or diabetes, respectively. Both these groups tended to be more medication adherent than their counterparts (hypertension OR: 1.23, 95% CI 1.03-1.45, diabetes OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.24-2.17). Institutionalizing a comprehensive chronic disease management program using multidisciplinary teams in the primary care context is crucial. Also, it is necessary to refine reimbursement payment systems.

Smokers with Multiple Chronic Disease Are More Likely to Quit Cigarette.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the presence of chronic medical conditions and cessation among U.S. adults who use combustible tobacco. We hypothesized that having chronic medical conditions would be associated with a higher likelihood of successfully quitting combustible tobacco. We utilized longitudinal data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, using data from Waves 1 to 6. Only current daily smokers were included in our analysis. The independent variable was the number of chronic medical conditions, defined as zero, one, or two or more. The outcome was becoming a former smoker (quitting smoking). Using multivariate regression analyses, we assessed the association between the number of chronic conditions and tobacco cessation over the six waves. We controlled for potential confounding variables, including demographic factors and socioeconomic status. Our analysis revealed a significant association between the number of chronic medical conditions and the likelihood of quitting smoking. Specifically, individuals with two or more chronic conditions exhibited a greater probability of quitting smoking compared to those with no chronic conditions. The results remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders. Multiple chronic medical conditions may act as a catalyst for smoking cessation among U.S. adults. This suggests that the presence of multimorbidity, defined as multiple chronic disease diagnoses, may serve as "teachable moments," prompting significant health behavior changes. These findings highlight the potential for leveraging chronic disease management and healthcare interventions to promote tobacco cessation, particularly among individuals with multiple chronic conditions.

Digital Health Interventions in Older Adult Populations Living With Chronic Disease in High-Income Countries: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

Globally, around 80% percent of adults aged 65 years or older are living with at least 1 chronic disease, and 68% percent have 2 or more chronic diseases. Older adults living with chronic diseases require greater health care services, but these health care services are not always easily accessible. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented changes in the provision of health care services for older adults. During the COVID-19 pandemic, digital health interventions for chronic disease management were developed out of necessity, but the evidence regarding these and developed interventions is lacking. In this scoping review, we aim to identify available digital health interventions such as emails, text messages, voice messages, telephone calls, video calls, mobile apps, and web-based platforms for chronic disease management for older adults in high-income countries. We will follow the Arksey and O'Malley framework to conduct the scoping review. Our full search strategy was developed following a preliminary search on MEDLINE. We will include studies where older adults are at least 65 years of age, living with at least 1 chronic disease (eg, cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diabetes), and residing in high-income countries. Digital health interventions will be broadly defined to include emails, text messages, voice messages, telephone calls, video calls, mobile apps, and web-based platforms. This scoping review is currently ongoing. As of March 2023, our full search strategy has resulted in a total of 9901 records. We completed the screening of titles and abstracts and obtained 442 abstracts for full-text review. We are aiming to complete our full-text review in October 2024, data extraction in November 2024, and data synthesis in December 2024. This scoping review will generate evidence that will contribute to the further development of digital health interventions for future chronic disease management among older adults in high-income countries. More evidence-based research is needed to better understand the feasibility and limitations associated with the use of digital health interventions for this population. These evidence-based findings can then be disseminated to decision-makers and policy makers in other high-income countries. DERR1-10.2196/49130.

A randomized multicenter trial of a chronic disease management intervention for decompensated cirrhosis. The A ustra l ian L iver F a i lur e (ALFIE) trial.

Improving the care of decompensated cirrhosis is a significant clinical challenge. The primary aim of this trial was to assess the efficacy of a chronic disease management (CDM) model to reduce liver-related emergency admissions (LREA). The secondary aims were to assess model effects on quality-of-care and patient-reported outcomes. The study design was a 2-year, multicenter, randomized controlled study with 1:1 allocation of a CDM model versus usual care. The study setting involved both tertiary and community care. Participants were randomly allocated following a decompensated cirrhosis admission. The intervention was a multifaceted CDM model coordinated by a liver nurse. A total of 147 participants (intervention=75, control=71) were recruited with a median Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score of 19. For the primary outcome, there was no difference in the overall LREA rate for the intervention group versus the control group (incident rate ratio 0.89; 95% CI: 0.53-1.50, p =0.666) or in actuarial survival (HR=1.14; 95% CI: 0.66-1.96, p =0.646). However, there was a reduced risk of LREA due to encephalopathy in the intervention versus control group (HR=1.87; 95% CI: 1.18-2.96, p =0.007). Significant improvement in quality-of-care measures was seen for the performance of bone density ( p <0.001), vitamin D testing ( p <0.001), and HCC surveillance adherence ( p =0.050). For assessable participants (44/74 intervention, 32/71 controls) significant improvements in patient-reported outcomes at 3 months were seen in self-management ability and quality of life as assessed by visual analog scale ( p =0.044). This CDM intervention did not reduce overall LREA events and may not be effective in decompensated cirrhosis for this end point.

Exploring the characteristics of conversational agents in chronic disease management interventions: A scoping review.

With the increasing global burden of chronic diseases, there is the potential for conversational agents (CAs) to assist people in actively managing their conditions. This paper reviews different types of CAs used for chronic condition management, delving into their characteristics and the chosen study designs. This paper also discusses the potential of these CAs to enhance the health and well-being of people with chronic conditions. A search was performed in February 2023 on PubMed, ACM Digital Library, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore. Studies were included if they focused on chronic disease management or prevention and if systems were evaluated on target user groups. The 42 selected studies explored diverse types of CAs across 11 health conditions. Personalization varied, with 25 CAs not adapting message content, while others incorporated user characteristics and real-time context. Only 12 studies used medical records in conjunction with CAs for conditions like diabetes, mental health, cardiovascular issues, and cancer. Despite measurement method variations, the studies predominantly emphasized improved health outcomes and positive user attitudes toward CAs. The results underscore the need for CAs to adapt to evolving patient needs, customize interventions, and incorporate human support and medical records for more effective care. It also highlights the potential of CAs to play a more active role in helping individuals manage their conditions and notes the value of linguistic data generated during user interactions. The analysis acknowledges its limitations and encourages further research into the use and potential of CAs in disease-specific contexts.

A PILOT FAMILY COACHING INTERVENTION FOR PEOPLE WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AND A FAMILY MEMBER

Abstract Type 2 diabetes is a common chronic condition in later life that requires substantial lifestyle changes. Most diabetes management occurs at home with the help – and sometimes hindrance – of family members. Although coaching has become a common strategy in healthcare to supplement diabetes education, few interventions have prepared family members to be coaches, despite the documented benefit of including family members in chronic disease management interventions. The overall goal of our pilot intervention was to develop and test a family coaching approach to enhance patients’ diabetes self-management while preserving relationship quality and both individuals’ well-being. Participants were recruited from local diabetes education classes and through provider referrals, and included 20 dyads in the intervention group (patient Mage=59.12) and 20 dyads in the control group (patient Mage=57.06). The intervention, involving 5 interactive group sessions (in-person or virtual) led by a facilitator, covered evidence-based material developed by the investigators on diabetes education and coaching strategies. Behavioral, clinical, emotional, and relational metrics were assessed via a survey at baseline, post-intervention, and 3 months later; intervention participants also completed a program evaluation survey and participated in a focus group. Survey findings revealed some positive effects for diabetes self-management behaviors, no effects for short-term clinical markers, negative effects for emotional well-being, and both positive and negative effects for relational well-being. Participants reported being satisfied with the program overall; they indicated learning a lot and having a positive experience. A translation and cultural adaptation of this program for Spanish-speaking populations is currently underway.

Community nursing interventions for chronic disease management

Chronic illnesses present a hurdle in the field of healthcare in community settings. This review of existing literature delves into the role of community nursing interventions when it comes to managing diseases. It sheds light on their effectiveness challenges and potential areas for improvement. Chronic diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular conditions, and respiratory ailments contribute substantially to both mortality rates and morbidity levels. They also place a burden on healthcare systems. Community nursing interventions play a role in addressing these diseases in underserved and rural communities. These strategies include programs, self-management initiatives, home visits, telehealth services, and coordinated care. Research indicates that these approaches have been successful in improving outcomes and reducing the burden, on healthcare systems. To fully maximize the benefits of these interventions we need to overcome obstacles that come our way. Issues such as staffing shortages, the need for training among nurses involved in community care, and the seamless integration of technology must be addressed to optimize their effectiveness. To further advance the field of community nursing interventions for disease management, future research should focus on developing strategies to overcome these challenges effectively. In addition to evaluate the long-term impact of community nursing interventions to understand how effective they are.

Development and Functionality of a Parsimonious Digital Food Frequency Questionnaire for a Clinical Intervention among an Indigenous Population

Nutrition-related chronic diseases are a major problem among Indigenous populations. Appropriate dietary intake assessment tools are needed for nutritional surveillance and intervention; however, tools designed to measure the habitual dietary intake of Indigenous persons are largely lacking. We developed a digital food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to measure habitual consumption among Australian Aboriginal adults and support personalized nutrition counseling. The primary contributors to energy, select nutrients, and inter-person variation (83 food groups) were identified from nationally representative 24 h recall (24HR) data, and they accounted for &gt;80% of the total intake and inter-person variation of the nutrients of interest. Based on community input, a meal-based FFQ format was adopted, with a main food/beverage list of 81 items and the capacity to report on &gt;300 additional items via the digital platform. The nutrient database was based on the Australian Food and Nutrient Database. Data for the first 60 study participants (70% female; median age: 48 years) were used to assess the FFQ’s utility. The participants’ median [IQR] reported energy intake (10,042 [6968–12,175] kJ/day) was similar to their median [IQR] estimated energy expenditure (10,197 [8636–11,551] kJ/day). Foods/beverages on the main FFQ list accounted for between 66% and 90% of the participants’ reported energy and nutrient intakes; the remainder came from participant-selected extra items. The digital FFQ platform provides a potentially valuable resource for monitoring habitual dietary intake among Aboriginal adults and supporting chronic disease prevention and management interventions.

Resting state functional connectivity changes following mindfulness-based stress reduction predict improvements in disease control for patients with asthma

BackgroundThe staggering morbidity associated with chronic inflammatory diseases can be reduced by psychological interventions, including Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR). Proposed mechanisms for MBSR’s beneficial effects include changes in salience network function. Salience network perturbations are also associated with chronic inflammation, including airway inflammation in asthma, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting approximately 10% of the population. However, no studies have examined whether MBSR-related improvements in disease control are related to changes in salience network function. MethodsAdults with asthma were randomized to 8 weeks of MBSR or a waitlist control group. Resting state functional connectivity was measured using fMRI before randomization, immediately post-intervention, and 4 months post-intervention. Using key salience network regions as seeds, we calculated group differences in change in functional connectivity over time and examined whether functional connectivity changes were associated with increased mindfulness, improved asthma control, and decreased inflammatory biomarkers. ResultsThe MBSR group showed greater increases in functional connectivity between salience network regions relative to the waitlist group. Improvements in asthma control correlated with increased functional connectivity between the salience network and regions important for attention control and emotion regulation. Improvements in inflammatory biomarkers were related to decreased functional connectivity between the salience network and other networks. ConclusionsIncreased resting salience network coherence and connectivity with networks that subserve attention and emotion regulation may contribute to the benefits of MBSR for patients with asthma. Understanding the neural underpinnings of MBSR-related benefits in patients is a critical step towards optimizing brain-targeted interventions for chronic inflammatory disease management.

Acceptability of Online Yoga Among Individuals With Chronic Conditions and Their Caregivers: Qualitative Study.

The online delivery of yoga interventions rapidly expanded during the COVID-19 pandemic, and preliminary studies indicate that online yoga is feasible across multiple chronic conditions. However, few yoga studies provide synchronous online yoga sessions and rarely target the caregiving dyad. Online chronic disease management interventions have been evaluated across conditions, life spans, and diverse samples. However, the perceived acceptability of online yoga, including self-reported satisfaction and online delivery preferences, is underexplored among individuals with chronic conditions and their caregivers. Understanding user preferences is essential for successful and safe online yoga implementation. We aimed to qualitatively examine the perceived acceptability of online yoga among individuals with chronic conditions and their caregivers who participated in an online dyadic intervention that merged yoga and self-management education to develop skills (MY-Skills) to manage persistent pain. We conducted a qualitative study among 9 dyads (>18 years of age; individuals experiencing persistent moderate pain) who participated in MY-Skills online during the COVID-19 pandemic. The intervention consisted of 16 online, synchronous yoga sessions over 8 weeks for both dyad members. After the completion of the intervention, participants (N=18) participated in semistructured telephone interviews for around 20 minutes, discussing their preferences, challenges, and recommendations for improved online delivery. Interviews were analyzed by using a rapid analytic approach. MY-Skills participants were, on average, aged 62.7 (SD 19) years; were primarily women; were primarily White; and had a mean of 5.5 (SD 3) chronic conditions. Both participants and caregivers reported moderate pain severity scores (mean 6.02, SD 1.3) on the Brief Pain Inventory. The following three themes were identified related to online delivery: (1) participants indicated a preference for the intervention to be in person rather than online because they were distracted in the home setting, because they felt that in-person yoga would be more engaging, because the yoga therapist could physically correct positions, and because of safety concerns (eg, fear of falling); (2) participants indicated good acceptability of online MY-Skills delivery due to convenience, access, and comfort with being in their home; and (3) recommendations for improving online delivery highlighted a need for additional and accessible technical support. Both individuals with chronic conditions and their caregivers find online yoga to be an acceptable intervention. Participants who preferred in-person yoga did so due to distractions in the home and group dynamics. Some participants preferred in-person corrections to ensure correct positioning, while others felt safe with verbal modifications in their homes. Convenience and access were the primary reasons for preferring online delivery. To improve online delivery, future yoga studies should include specific activities for fostering group engagement, enhancing safety protocols, and increasing technical support. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03440320; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03440320.

Advancing Racial Health Equity Through Family-Focused Interventions for Chronic Disease Management.

Advancing Racial Health Equity Through Family-Focused Interventions for Chronic Disease Management.

Telemedical Interventions for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Management: Umbrella Review.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a growing epidemic, with a heavy associated economic burden. Education, physical activity, and pulmonary rehabilitation programs are important aspects of the management of COPD. These interventions are commonly delivered remotely as part of telemedicine interventions. Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of these interventions. However, these reviews often have conflicting conclusions. We aim to conduct an umbrella review to critically appraise and summarize the available evidence on telemedicine interventions for the management of COPD. In this umbrella review, the MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to May 2022 for systematic reviews and meta-analyses relating to telemedicine interventions for the management of COPD. We compared odds ratios, measures of quality, and heterogeneity across different outcomes. We identified 7 systematic reviews that met the inclusion criteria. Telemedicine interventions used in these reviews were teletreatment, telemonitoring, and telesupport. Telesupport interventions significantly reduced the number of inpatient days and quality of life. Telemonitoring interventions were associated with significant reductions in respiratory exacerbations and hospitalization rates. Teletreatment showed significant effectiveness in reducing respiratory exacerbations, hospitalization rate, compliance (acceptance and dropout rate), and physical activity. Among studies that used integrated telemedicine interventions, there was a significant improvement in physical activity. Telemedicine interventions showed noninferiority or superiority over the standard of care for the management of COPD. Telemedicine interventions should be considered as a supplement to usual methods of care for the outpatient management of COPD, with the aim of reducing the burden on health care systems.

An umbrella review of the literature on the effectiveness of goal setting interventions in improving health outcomes in chronic conditions

Purpose To identify the contexts in which goal setting has been used in chronic disease management interventions and to estimate the magnitude of its effect on improvement of health outcomes. Methods The strength of evidence and extent of potential bias in the published systematic reviews of goal setting interventions in chronic conditions were summarized using AMSTAR2 quality appraisal tool, number of participants, 95% prediction intervals, and between-study heterogeneity. Components of goal setting interventions were also extracted. Results Nine publications and 35 meta-analysis models were identified, investigating 25 health outcomes. Of the 35 meta-analyses, none found strong evidence and three provided some suggestive evidence on symptom reduction and perceived well-being. There was weak evidence for effects on eight health outcomes (HbA1c, self-efficacy, depression, anxiety, distress, medication adherence, health-related quality of life and physical activity), with the rest classified as non-significant. Half of the meta-analyses had high level of heterogeneity. Conclusion Goal setting by itself affects outcomes of chronic diseases only to a small degree. This is not unexpected finding as changing outcomes in chronic diseases requires a complex and individualized approach. Implementing goal setting in a standardized way in the management of chronic conditions would seem to be a way forward. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION The link between goal setting and health outcomes seems to be weak. Some levels of positive behavioural change could be of benefits to patients as seen by improved self-efficacy, patients’ satisfaction and overall quality of life. Systematic and consistent application of personalized goal-oriented interventions considering patient’s readiness to change could better predict improved outcomes. Incorporation of various goal setting components while actively engaging patient and/or their care givers in the process could appraise how goal setting could help with challenges in faced by people living with chronic conditions in different areas.