Intervention Scheme Research Articles

Assessment of the Competency- Based Training (CBT) System Implementation in the Salesian Technical Vocation Institutes

Abstract I. OBJECTIVES: To make intervention schemes based on the assessment of the respondents on the extent of the implementation of CBT System in FIS TVIs. II. METHODOLOGY: This study used a Descriptive and Quantitative method. A questionnaire was distributed to the different FIS TVIs so as to know the extent of implementation of CBT System in the training programs of the FIS TVIs as perceived by the training directors, trainers and trainees in their respective TVIs. III. FINDINGS: The results of the study showed that the main aspects of CBT System are very satisfactorily implemented which means that the main aspects of CBT System are already practiced although there are still implementations that need improvemnt.

Mobile Health Application-Based Interventions to Improve Self-management of Chemotherapy-Related Symptoms Among People with Breast Cancer Who Are Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review.

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been an increasing number of studies on using mobile health (mHealth) to support the symptom self-management of patients with breast cancer (BC). However, the components of such programs remain unexplored. This systematic review aimed to identify the components of existing mHealth app-based interventions for patients with BC who are undergoing chemotherapy and to uncover self-efficacy enhancement elements from among them. A systematic review was conducted for randomized controlled trials published from 2010 to 2021. Two strategies were used to assess the mHealth apps: The Omaha System, a structured classification system for patient care, and Bandura's self-efficacy theory, which assesses sources of influence that determine an individual's confidence in being able to manage a problem. Intervention components identified in the studies were grouped under the 4 domains of the intervention scheme of the Omaha System. Four hierarchical sources of self-efficacy enhancement elements were extracted from the studies using Bandura's self-efficacy theory. The search uncovered 1,668 records. Full-text screening was conducted on 44 articles, and 5 randomized controlled trials (n = 537 participants) were included. Self-monitoring under the domain of "Treatments and procedure" was the most frequently used mHealth intervention for improving symptom self-management in patients with BC undergoing chemotherapy. Most mHealth apps used various "mastery experience" strategies including reminders, self-care advice, videos, and learning forums. Self-monitoring was commonly utilized in mHealth-based interventions for patients with BC undergoing chemotherapy. Our survey uncovered evident variation in strategies to support self-management of symptoms and standardized reporting is required. More evidence is required to make conclusive recommendations related to mHealth tools for BC chemotherapy self-management.

Intervention against information diffusion in static and temporal coupling networks

Information diffusion in complex networks has become quite an active research topic. As an important part of this field, intervention against information diffusion processes is attracting ever-increasing attention from network and control engineers. In particular, it is urgent to design intervention schemes for the coevolutionary dynamics between information diffusion processes and coupled networks. For this purpose, we comprehensively study the problem of information diffusion intervention over static and temporal coupling networks. First, individual interactions are described by a modified activity-driven network (ADN) model. Then, we establish a novel node-based susceptible–infected–recovered–susceptible (SIRS) model to characterize the information diffusion dynamics. On these bases, three synergetic intervention strategies are formulated. Second, we derive the critical threshold of the controlled-SIRS system via stability analysis. Accordingly, we exploit a spectral optimization scheme to minimize the outbreak risk or the required budget. Third, we develop an optimal control scheme of dynamically allocating resources to minimize both system loss and intervention expense, in which the optimal intervention inputs are obtained through optimal control theory and a forward–backward sweep algorithm. Finally, extensive simulation results validate the accuracy of theoretical derivation and the performance of our proposed intervention schemes.

Diagnostic value of pleural fluid SMRP, CA125, MMP-7, and MMP-9 in malignant pleural effusion.

This study aimed to investigate the clinical value of mesothelin soluble related peptide (SMRP), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in benign and malignant pleural exudative effusion. A total of 105 adult patients with pleural exudative effusion admitted in our hospital from December 2019 to December 2020 were selected. Patients were divided into the benign group (n = 60) and the malignant group (n = 45) according to their condition. The levels of SMRP, CA125, MMP-7, and MMP-9 in the pleural effusion were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to analyze the individual and combined predictive value of SMRP, MMP-7, MMP-9, and CA125 levels. In the malignant group, the SMRP, CA125, MMP-7, and MMP-9 levels were all significantly higher than those in benign group (P = .01). The detection efficiency of the 4 indicators in the combined diagnosis were higher than that of single index and combination of any 2 indices. There was a moderate positive correlation between SMRP and CA125 and MMP-7 in malignant pleural effusion. The correlation between MMP-7 and MMP-9 was moderately positive. The diagnostic efficacy of SMRP combined with CA125, MMP-7, and MMP-9 in pleural effusion for malignant pleural effusion and BPE are better than single index, which has certain clinical values for the selection of early intervention scheme for BPE patients.

Towards closing the housing gap in the UK: exploration of the influencing factors and the way forward

PurposeHousing provides constructed space for human activities. Literature indicates that housing impacts wealth, education attainment and health outcomes, among others. Because of its contributions to society, it is essential to develop and implement strategies that address the housing shortage experienced in most cities across the globe. This study aims to unpack the factors affecting housing production in the UK and chart the way forward.Design/methodology/approachIn addressing this study's aim, an interprivitst approach was adopted and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 experienced professionals. Data were collected across the four nations of the UK (England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland).FindingsThe results indicated that the opportunistic behaviour of stakeholders is one of the main factors affecting housing production in the study area. Also, modern construction methods, collaborative practices, government intervention and affordable housing schemes were identified as key strategies for addressing housing production factors.Practical implicationsThis study identified strategies for mitigating housing production issues that provide a focal point to all stakeholders keen on filling the housing shortage gap and improving productivity to channel their resources and effort accordingly.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first to empirically analyse the influencing factors on the housing gap in the UK from the perspective of the supply side to provide information that could lead towards closing the said gap.

Specialised nursing tasks in cancer care and their effects.

Background: Several reviews are available on the effects of specific nursing tasks in oncology care. However, a synthesis across cancer entities and stages is lacking. Aim: To synthesise the results of reviews assessing the scope and effectiveness of tasks of nurses specifically qualified in cancer care. Methods: We conducted an Umbrella Review based on systematic searches in six databases and a search for grey literature following a priori-defined inclusion criteria. Further steps: standardised data extraction and quality assessment, determination of the degree of overlap, and structured narrative summary on outcome measures of health-related quality of life, symptom burden, utilisation of care services/resources, and patient satisfaction. All reviews were categorised according to the EONS Cancer Nursing Education Framework and the Omaha System Intervention Scheme. Results: After screening 2,657 references, 11 reviews (10 high quality) for a total of 148 studies were included. Specially qualified nurses and advanced practice nurses take on a variety of tasks in the disease process, especially related to education, counselling, and case management. Effects on outcome measures are mixed, with increased indications of reduced symptom burden. Conclusion: Specially qualified nurses with expanded roles have the potential to contribute to improved oncology care. This emphasises the importance of appropriate task profiles and qualification programs. More well-reported studies based on theoretical framework models are needed.

The Mediating Effect of Emotional Intelligence on the Relationship between Self-Motivation and Teaching Competencies of Criminology Instructors in Region XII: Basis for a Proposed Intervention Scheme

Educators who can handle their emotion while teaching, regardless of the outside stimulus that could otherwise be disturbing to other people are professionals and worthy of imparting learning to the Criminology students. Hence, this study concerns about the mediating effect of emotional intelligence on the relationship between self-motivation and teaching competencies of Criminology instructors in the criminology institutions of Region XII. Survey was conducted among the 306 Criminology Instructors in SOCCSKSARGEN Region. Mean, Correlation analysis, and mediation test were utilized in the statistical data treatment disclosing the findings as follows: The Self-motivation of Criminology instructors in the Criminology institutions of Region XII is rated high level; The teaching competencies of Criminology instructors in the Criminology institutions of Region XII is rated very high level; The Criminology Instructors’ emotional intelligence is rated high level; there is correlation between self-motivation and emotional intelligence of Criminology Instructors; There is a correlation between emotional intelligence and teaching competence of Criminology Instructors; There is correlation between self-motivation and teaching competencies of Criminology Instructors; and, self-motivation before reaching teaching competencies flow through emotional intelligence but less that one fifth is tainted with emotional intelligence. The implication of the study for the academe is to train Criminology instructors aspirants to control their emotions while educating their future students; although sympathy and empathy is still relevant in the profession, it should not hamper the learning process, which could be extended to the Criminology students who later on will choose various career path in law enforcement.

Adaptable Public Space, An Essential Parameter of a Resilient City and of Risk Prevention and Management, Case of Blida City – Algeria

With population growth, climate change and increasing risks, cities are becoming more vulnerable. Therefore, strengthening their resilience requires a strategic exploitation of public open spaces, beyond its traditional role, through its important potential for adaptability and mitigation. Our contribution aims to explore the role of public open spaces in the prevention and management strategies of major risks in Algeria (Blida). We proceed by evaluating the capacity of public open spaces to respond to risks situations through a reading of the proposed strategies by the Algerian rescue plan; Accompanied by an international case study which examines the strategies of the use of public open spaces in case of major risks. Finally, a fieldwork survey completes this reading. The conclusions of this research reveal an under-exploitation of public open spaces, that must be integrated into an emergency intervention scheme, while also identifying choice indicators for selecting adaptable public open spaces.

Retracted: Study on the Conduction Analysis and Blocking Intervention Scheme of Emotional Disorders between Cancer Patients and Their Families.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/4820090.].

The debatable role of immune checkpoint blockade therapy in lung adenocarcinoma-oriented liver metastatic malignant lesions.

The use of anti-PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors in combination with other anti-cancer agents was a priority for treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with considerable PD-L1 expression. However, studies seldom show the progression of liver metastases after using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Data were obtained from the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care of Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of the Air Force Military Medical University. In the present study, we analyzed five non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who had liver metastases after they were treated with pembrolizumab between 2019 and 2021. All of them had both stable primary lesions and liver progression with pembrolizumab intervention. Blood laboratory tests and imaging examinations were performed regularly during the treatment to assess the tumor responses of patients. All patients displayed reduction or stability in the initial lesions as a result, but they also experienced the emergence of metastatic liver locations, which were regularly detected throughout immunotherapy. Additionally, the appearance of liver metastasis weakened their liver function gradually with the escalation of carcinoembryonic antigen, regarded as a predictor for evaluating the progression of tumors. These individuals were highly distinctive with hyper-progressive diseases associated with immunotherapy. We drew individualized intervention schemes for metastatic lesions in each patient and found that their life expectancy shared no significance given the restricting subjected population. Our study indicated a clinical phenomenon after using immune checkpoint inhibitors and presented a necessity for implementing large scales clinical studies to manage NSCLC-oriented liver metastasis.

Sleep disorders and effectiveness of various methods of insomnia therapy in pregnant women (Literature review)

Sleep disorders (dyssomnia) during pregnancy are of high prevalence and may be associated with negative peri- and postnatal outcomes. However, these conditions are often not effectively diagnosed and treated. In this review a systematic evaluation of the effectiveness of different methods of therapy to improve the quality of sleep and in the presence of insomnia during pregnancy was conducted.Systematic search in PubMed, Psycinfo and Medline databases was conducted without limiting the publication date till November 3, 2022. The relevant studies included pregnant women of any age and gestation; they included the clinical intervention schemes aimed at improving sleep quality; the data before and after treatment for one or more sleep-related results were reported. 16 studies were selected with a total of 988 pregnant women. According to the results of researches the effectiveness of different types of interventions was established: cognitive-behavioral therapy for sleep disorders, pharmacotherapy, acupuncture, yoga, relaxation and phytotherapy. The recent publications have determined that sleep disorders have a connection with the adverse pregnancy outcomes, including fetal growth restriction, premature births, weakness of uterine labor activity and high delivery frequency of caesarean section.There is an extremely high relevance and need for high-quality randomized controlled studies about sleep disorders during pregnancy and implementation of effective standard obstetric care programs. There is a necessity to improve psychological care and sleep care during pregnancy to maintain a positive pregnancy course, childbirth and postpartum period. Future clinical studies should be randomized and include a sufficient number of women for statistical efficacy, including checking the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral insomnia therapy to prevent pregnancy/childbirth complications and somatic diseases in the long-term period.

Diabetes, Hypertension, and Comorbidity among Bangladeshi Adults: Associated Factors and Socio-Economic Inequalities.

Diabetes, hypertension, and comorbidity are still crucial public health challenges that Bangladeshis face. Nonetheless, very few studies have been conducted to examine the associated factors, especially the socioeconomic inequalities in diabetes, hypertension, and comorbidity in Bangladesh. This study explored the prevalence of, factors connected with, and socioeconomic inequalities in diabetes, hypertension, and comorbidity among Bangladeshi adults. We used the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) data set of 2017-2018. A total of 12,136 (weighted) Bangladeshi adults with a mean age of 39.5 years (±16.2) participated in this study. Multilevel (mixed-effect) logistic regression analysis was employed to ascertain the determinants of diabetes, hypertension, and comorbidity, where clusters were considered as a level-2 factor. The concentration curve (CC) and concentration index (CIX) were utilized to investigate the inequalities in diabetes, hypertension, and comorbidity. The weighted prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and comorbidity was 10.04%, 25.70%, and 4.47%, respectively. Age, body mass index, physical activity, household wealth status, and diverse administrative divisions were significantly associated with diabetes, hypertension, and comorbidity among the participants. Moreover, participants' smoking statuses were associated with hypertension. Women were more prone to hypertension and comorbidity than men. Diabetes (CIX: 0.251, p < 0.001), hypertension (CIX: 0.071, p < 0.001), and comorbidity (CIX: 0.340, p < 0.001) were higher among high household wealth groups. A pro-wealth disparity in diabetes, hypertension, and comorbidity was found. These inequalities in diabetes, hypertension, and comorbidity emphasize the necessity of designing intervention schemes geared towards addressing the rising burden of these diseases.

The Core Behavioral Competencies, Work Attitudes and Teaching Performance of Senior High School Teachers: Input for an Intervention Scheme

The Core Behavioral Competencies, Work Attitudes and Teaching Performance of Senior High School Teachers: Input for an Intervention Scheme

Modeling and computation of cost-constrained adaptive environmental management with discrete observation and intervention

Cost-constrained stochastic control problems that arise in environmental engineering are formulated based on ergodic control with seasonal dynamics, which are subject to time-discrete observation and intervention. In this study, a novel adaptive Erlangization is introduced as a flexible intervention scheme, in which the sum of the intervention and observation costs is constrained in the sense of an expectation. The Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation is formulated by utilizing the method of Lagrangian multipliers as an optimality equation that is subject to the constrained expectation. We demonstrate that the HJB equation has a closed-form solution for a specific sand replenishment problem. This solution is used as a benchmark to verify a numerical algorithm for computing the HJB equation. Computational examples that focus on a sand replenishment problem in a river reach of a dam and a management problem of aquatic vegetation in a shallow lake are presented.

Clinical Experience and Feasibility of Using 2D-kVimage Online Intervention in the Ultrafractionated Stereotactic Radiation Treatment of Prostate Cancer

This study reports clinical experience and feasibility of using a 2-dimensional (2D)-kV image system with online intervention in the ultrafractionated stereotactic body radiation treatment (UF-SBRT) of prostate cancer. Fifteen patients with prostate cancer who had a low- to intermediate-risk marker implanted received UF-SBRT with online 2D-kV image tracking and a manual beam interruption strategy with a 2-mm motion threshold. A total of 180 kV paired setup images and 1272 intrabeam 2D-kV images were analyzed to evaluate the setup deviation and intratreatment target deviation. Correlation of expected treatment interruptions with a set of parameters (eg, image and treatment time; direction of deviation) was performed (Spearman test). A subset of the data from 22 fractions was re-evaluated to check the differences in analysis results between using the planning position and using the pretreatment setup position as a reference. Margins based on the derived system and random errors were calculated to evaluate the feasibility of the workflow in ensuring prostate coverage during treatment. Mean target motion in 3D propagated from 1.0 mm (setup at 0 minutes) to 2.0 mm (beam on at 7 minutes) to 2.4 mm (end at 13.5 minutes). Out of 75 fractions, 50 were found to require beam interruption. Interruption had a strong correlation with prostate motion along the longitudinal direction and had moderate correlation with prostate motion along the vertical direction and the prostate's treatment starting position along vertical and longitudinal directions. Using the pretreatment position as a reference for intrabeam monitoring, the magnitude of motion deviation from the reference position was reduced by 0.3 mm at a vertical direction and 0.4 mm at lateral and longitudinal directions. The calculated 3D margin to ensure target coverage was 3.7 mm, 4.6 mm, and 5.0 mm in lateral, vertical, and longitudinal directions, respectively. Prostate motion propagated over time. It is feasible to use a 2D-kV online intrabeam monitoring system with a proper intervention scheme to perform UF-SBRT for prostate cancer.

Impacts of Urban Blue-Green Space on Residents’ Health: A Bibliometric Review

Urban blue-green space (UBGS), as an important component of the urban environment, is found to closely relate to human health. An extensive understanding of the effects of UBGS on human health is necessary for urban planning and intervention schemes towards healthy city development. However, a comprehensive review and discussion of relevant studies using bibliometric methods is still lacking. This paper adopted the bibliometric method and knowledge graph visualization technology to analyze the research on the impact of UBGS on residents' health, including the number of published papers, international influence, and network characteristics of keyword hotspots. The key findings include: (1) The number of articles published between 2001 and 2021 shows an increasing trend. Among the articles collected from WoS and CNKI, 38.74% and 32.65% of the articles focus on physical health, 38.32% and 30.61% on mental health, and 17.06% and 30.61% on public health, respectively. (2) From the analysis of international partnerships, countries with high levels of economic development and urbanization have closer cooperation than other countries. (3) UBGS has proven positive effects on residents' physical, mental, and public health. However, the mediating effects of UBGS on health and the differences in the health effects of UBGS on different ages and social classes are less studied. Therefore, this study proposes several future research directions. First, the mediating effect of UBGS on health impacts should be further examined. Furthermore, the interactive effects of residents' behaviors and the UBGS environment should be emphasized. Moreover, multidisciplinary integration should be strengthened. The coupling mechanism between human behavior and the environment should also be studied in depth with the help of social perception big data, wearable devices, and human-computer interactive simulation. Finally, this study calls for developing health risk monitoring and early warning systems, and integrating health impact assessment into urban planning, so as to improve residents' health and urban sustainability.

Deep NIR-II optical imaging combined with minimally invasive interventional photothermal therapy for orthotopic bladder cancer

• An excellent NIR-II PTA (HAPO-1048) for actively-targeted PTT of orthotopic BC. • Combining dual-modality 3D NIR-II PA and OCTA molecular imaging for micro-BC. • High sensitivity and specificity (about 2 mm diameter) dynamic detecting of BC. • Designing a minimally invasive interventional PTT for deep orthotopic BC. • HAPO-1048 demonstrates improved NIR-II therapeutic efficiency. Surgical resection (SR) is the major method for treating invasive or recurrent noninvasive bladder cancer (BC). However, SR still causes additional risks of urinary tract infection, bleeding and some complications that may be life-threatening. Therefore, it is of urgent medical need for new diagnosis and therapy scheme for BC. Herein, we proposed a strategy that combines dual-modality three-dimensional (3D) NIR-II photoacoustic (PA) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) molecular imaging to guide visually interventional photothermal therapy (PTT) for BC. Additionally, we developed an excellent NIR-II hyaluronic acid-IR-1048 with liposome-coated (HAPO-1048) photothermal agent for PTT of CD44 overexpressing orthotopic BC, which showed strong NIR-II optical absorption, preferable tumor targeting, excellent biocompatibility and high PTT efficacy. Combined with the NIR-II PA/PTT response of the HAPO-1048, we can achieve high sensitivity and specificity (about 2 mm diameter) dynamic monitoring and investigate the precision therapy of PTT in deep orthotopic BC (4.38 mm). Simultaneously, we can map the dynamic changes of 3D PA signals and HAPO-1048 nanoparticles (HAPO-1048 NPs) enrichment, which is closely related to the PTT efficacy. Significantly, the whole changes of complex microvascular morphometrics and angiogenesis of BC were well surveilled and assessed in vivo using OCTA. Lastly, minimally invasive interventional PTT strategy was successfully implemented to achieve a controllable and precise therapy for orthotopic BC based on laparoscopy and US guidance. In conclusion, we present a multimodal NIR-II optical imaging synergy laparoscopy interventional oncologic scheme, which should expand the current PTT technology, leading to a significant ongoing in treatment of primary tumors of urinary system.

Optimal Positioning of RTC Actuators and SuDS for Sewer Overflow Mitigation in Urban Drainage Systems

Real-time control (RTC) and sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) can be implemented simultaneously to enhance the performance of existing urban drainage systems (UDS). However, significant challenges arise when choosing the optimal locations due to hydraulic interactions between the different interventions and the high number of possible configurations. This paper presents a novel optimization–simulation framework to optimize the spatial allocation of flow control devices (FCDs) combined with SuDS for combined sewer overflow (CSO) spill mitigation within UDS. Optimal intervention schemes were identified by a genetic algorithm (GA), combining different numbers of FCDs installed in existing manholes with simplified SuDS implemented in different portions of the catchment. The methodology was tested on two case-study catchments with different characteristics to mitigate CSO spills during synthetic storm events. FCD-SuDS configurations were then validated during continuous rainfall series, resulting in CSO spill volumes reduction ranging between 11% and 45% compared to the baseline networks. The results demonstrate how the GA-based method can efficiently identify optimal placement schemes within UDS characterized by different distributions of in-pipe storage potential as well as hydrological responses to rainfall-runoff events, enhancing the combined benefits of the two decentralized solutions for mitigating CSO spills.

Clinical Experience and Feasibility of Using 2D-kV Image Online Intervention in the Ultrafractionated Stereotactic Radiation Treatment of Prostate Cancer

<h3>Purpose/Objective(s)</h3> This study reports the clinical experience and feasibility of using 2D-kV image system with online intervention in the ultra-fractionated stereotactic radiation treatment of prostate cancer. <h3>Materials/Methods</h3> 15 low/intermediate risk prostate patients, all with three transperineally implanted fiducial markers, received 40 Gy in 5 fractions to a PTV with margins of 3 mm posteriorly and 5 mm in other directions with online 2D-kV image tracking and manual beam interruption strategy with a 2 mm-threshold. A total of 180 kV paired setup images and 1272 intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) 2D-kV images were analyzed to evaluate the setup deviation and intra-treatment target deviation. Elapsed time at different timestamps of different treatment, target deviation from planning position at different timestamps, and prostate motion during treatment, were calculated against beam interruption to evaluate their correlation. A subset of data from 22 fractions were re-evaluated to check the differences between using planning position and using pre-treatment setup position as reference. Margins based on the derived system and random errors were calculated to evaluate the feasibility of the workflow in ensuring prostate coverage during treatment. <h3>Results</h3> 50 out of 75 fractions were found to require interruption. Interruption had a strong correlation with prostate motion along longitudinal direction and had moderate correlations with prostate motion along vertical direction and prostate's prior-treatment setup along vertical direction. Using pre-treatment position as reference for IORT monitoring, the magnitude of motion deviation from reference position was reduced by 0.3 mm at vertical direction and 0.4 mm at lateral and longitudinal directions. The 3D margin calculated was 3.7 mm, 4.6 mm, 5.0 mm at lateral, vertical, longitudinal directions, respectively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> It is feasible to use a 2D-kV online IORT monitoring system with a proper intervention scheme to perform ultra-fractionated stereotactic radiation treatment for prostate cancer. High quality and safe delivery can be achieved by minimizing the elapsed time between setup image and the start of treatment beam-on, increasing the imaging frequency, and shortening the treatment time.

Identifying the trend of persistent cluster of stunting, wasting, and underweight among children under five years in northeastern states of India

ObjectiveTo examine the spatial clustering of child undernutrition and identify the persistent clusters. MethodsWe utilized the data from the report of the National Family Health Survey, NFHS-4, (2015–16) and NFHS-5 (2019–21). Trend and spatial analysis were used to identify the persistent and hotspot clusters/areas of stunting, wasting, and underweight. ResultsEach of the northeastern states reported 22% or more stunted children in 2019–21, and at least 9% and 12% of children were wasted and underweight respectively. The hotspot clusters for stunting were found in the district of Assam and Meghalaya in both NFHS-4, 2015–16, and NFHS-5, 2019–21. Jantai Hills, East Khasi Hills, West Khasi Hills, and Ribhoi in Meghalaya, and Dhubri, Bongaigaon, and Barpeta in the district of Assam were found persistent. And the hotspot cluster of underweight found persistent in both NFHS-4(2015–16) and NFHS-5(2019–21) are Dhubri, Goalpara, Kokrajhar, Bongaigaon, Karimganj, and Darrang of Assam, and North Tripura of Tripura. ConclusionNumerous districts have seen a rise in the prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight, in the northeastern states of India. This finding suggests that district-focused programs should be strengthened and sustained, and the outcomes of the study could help to target intervention programs and schemes aimed at eliminating child malnutrition at the district level, particularly in hotspot clusters.