Intersection Performance Research Articles

Comparative Analysis of Intersection Performance Using PCU Values from NRS and Indo HCM: A Case Study of New Baneshwor Intersection

Comparative Analysis of Intersection Performance Using PCU Values from NRS and Indo HCM: A Case Study of New Baneshwor Intersection

Peningkatan Kinerja Simpang Ciceri, Kota Serang dengan Model Penerapan Ruang Henti Khusus

The Ciceri intersection is in a densely populated urban area characterized by heavy traffic, particularly motorbikes. This is due to the nearby educational institutions, shops, offices, and a shopping center. The intersection faces numerous traffic conflicts, including crowded vehicle queues, irregular queuing by motorbikes, and improper lane usage by two- and four-wheeled vehicles. The phase setting of traffic signaling devices (APILL) at the Ciceri intersection has been implemented but has not solved the problem. This research aims to analyze the use of RHK to improve the performance of the Ciceri intersection using the Vissim model. The method is to test or simulate various RHK models at the research location. The results obtained can be applied to the RHK at two intersection legs, namely east and west, with a box-type RHK measuring 8m long and 2 x 3.5m wide, increasing the level of Service (LOS) from E to F. The results show a reduction in queues of 5.64 m and delays of 1.52 seconds on the north leg, as well as a reduction in queues of 7.85 m and a delay of 13.48 seconds on the south leg. These results show that RHK can effectively improve the performance of intersections with high traffic volumes without the need to increase physical road capacity.

ANALISIS KEMACETAN SIMPANG TAK BERSINYAL JALAN PADAT KARYA – JALAN SUMATERA KOTA PRABUMULIH MENGGUNAKAN PKJI 2023

There will undoubtedly be heavy traffic in this location, especially at the intersection of Jalan Padat Karya, as Prabumulih is one of the cross-Sumatra cities with heavy traffic. The second economic hub of Prabumulih City is the Karya Intensive Road. When primary data collecting takes place in the field, descriptive and quantitative research methodology is employed. 7 days a week, Monday through Sunday, from 07.00 to 18.00. Road width measurements are made on the spot at each approach using a measuring tool. Following the collection of all primary and secondary data, analysis will be conducted utilizing PTV Vissim Version Student for traffic modeling and the 2023 PKJI Book. Intersection performance analysis using PKJI 2023 produces results traffic flow is 836.2 pcu/hour, free flow speed is 43.70 km/hour, capacity of 1468 pcu/hour, degree of saturation of 0.85. Based on the results above, the service level flow section is D. The intersection model after being given a signal changes if using APILL with 2 phases because of the level of service that occurs changed to level A.

Impact of Auxiliary Markings on Intersection Safety

The rapid growth of motorcycle vehicles coupled with inadequate traffic discipline contributes to an escalating rate of traffic accidents and casualties. This study investigates the efficacy of auxiliary road markings in enhancing traffic safety and intersection performance along Lieutenant Sutopo Street, Promoter Street, and Boulevard BSD East in South Tangerang, Indonesia. Employing the Traffic Conflict Technique (TCT), the research evaluates safety enhancements and service level alterations subsequent to the installation of road markings. Preliminary observations highlight significant safety concerns and traffic conflicts at the intersection. Consequently, auxiliary road markings are strategically installed to regulate driver behavior, enhance lane discipline, and improve visibility. Post-installation observations revealed a significant decrease in total vehicle conflicts, though the percentage of severe conflicts slightly increased. Initially rated as Level of Service (LOS) F with high delays, the LOS remained the same post-marking installation but with reduced delays. Further cycle time adjustments improved the LOS to E, indicating a substantial overall reduction in delays. The findings suggest that although auxiliary road markings effectively reduce traffic conflicts and improve intersection performance, additional measures are necessary to address the severity of these conflicts. The study offers valuable insights into the effectiveness of road safety interventions, supporting broader strategies for improving traffic management and safety in urban areas.

Studi Kinerja Ruas Jalan Di Sekitar Masjid Terapung BJ. Habibie Kota Parepare

Construction of the BJ Habibie Floating Mosque influences the volume and system of traffic movement, the existence of high efficiency has an impact on increased traffic flow and demands the provision of a road network. The aim of this research is to identify the performance of roads and intersections and also to determine the impact on traffic due to the construction of the BJ. Habibie Floating Mosque by using the MKJI 1997 analysis. The results showed that the heaviest traffic flow on the Mattirotasi road section occurred on Saturday at 16.00 until 17.00 WITA with a traffic volume of 220.1 pcu/hour, a v/c ratio of 0.11 and Level of Service A with average vehicle speed 28.77 km/hour. Massepe road section occurred on Sunday at 16.00 until 17.00 with a volume of 943.49 pcu/hour, a v/c ratio of 0.30 and Level of Service B with an average speed of 28.06 km/hour.

Optimising Layout of a Left-Turn Bypass Intersection under Mixed Traffic Flow using Simulation: A Case Study in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Various unconventional arterial intersection designs (UAIDs) have been proposed as novel approaches to alleviate congestion at signalised intersections. However, little research has focused on the UAIDs under mixed traffic flow. In Malaysia, a type of unconventional arterial intersection, i.e., the left-turn bypass intersection, is very common. Hence, an alternative two-lane left-turn bypass intersection layout is proposed and compared with two other layouts under mixed traffic flow. An existing intersection in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia is selected as the location of our case study. To compare the three layouts, the state-of-the-art traffic micro-simulation software SUMO is used to model, analyse and estimate operational performances of the studied intersection layouts. To make simulation results more reliable, the simulation model is validated using the GEH empirical test. The performance indicators delay, travel time, speed, and number of stops are used to evaluate the three layouts for low, medium and high traffic volumes. The simulation results show that the left-turn bypass intersection outperforms the intersection without any bypasses, and the proposed intersection performance is better than the two other considered intersections. More specifically, the average delay of the proposed intersection is lower by 2.54s and 4.4s compared to the two other considered intersections in high traffic volume, respectively. Thus, this proposed intersection could be used in urban cities with traffic demand and congestion issues similar to those in this study.

Performance Evaluation of Signalized Intersection- A Case study of Prithivi Chowk, Pokhara

Prithivi Chowk, a heavily trafficked signalized intersection in Pokhara, Nepal, currently relies on manual traffic control, leading to significant issues during peak hours. This study employs the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) methodology to evaluate the intersection's performance, aiming to address congestion and recommend improvements. Data collected from July 10-12, 2023, during peak hours, indicated traffic volumes of 6369.5 PCU/h in the morning and 6275.5 PCU/h in the evening, demonstrating over-saturation. The analysis included 12 vehicular and 4 pedestrian directions, with peak hour factors of 0.942 and 0.954, respectively.Initial assessments of three lane configurations and signal phasing plans revealed all phase plans exceeded capacity, resulting in a Level of Service (LOS) 'F'. Subsequent evaluations involved geometric enhancements, such as adding lanes. Increasing lanes in the Eastbound Through, Northbound Right Turn, and Westbound Right Turn directions significantly improved performance, achieving LOS 'D' in the third iteration of Phase Plan I. Optimal signal timings were designed using the Webster method, resulting in cycle lengths of 123 seconds for the morning peak and 116 seconds for the evening peak. The study highlights critical challenges and proposes targeted measures to enhance traffic flow at Prithivi Chowk, offering valuable contributions to transportation engineering and urban planning in Nepal. These findings emphasize the need for systematic traffic management improvements to mitigate congestion and enhance intersection performance.

Modeling the Effect of Automated and Human-Driven Vehicles on the Performance of Intelligent Intersections

Modeling the Effect of Automated and Human-Driven Vehicles on the Performance of Intelligent Intersections

Evaluasi Tingkat Pelayanan Pada Persimpangan Jalan Sisimangaraja Jalan-Alfalah Simpang Bersinyal

Intersections are the most important factor in determining the capacity and travel time on a road section. The development of transportation in the city of Medan has had an impact on increasing the movement of people, goods and services. This also greatly demands increased transportation facilities and infrastructure in the city of Medan. The increase in the number of vehicles that is not balanced with infrastructure will cause conflicts on roads, especially at the intersection of three Jalan-Sisingamangaraja Jalan .Alfalah To anticipate This requires further study or research. In this research, analysis of intersection performance calculations uses the 1997 (MKJI) guidelines. The survey was carried out on Monday 14 August 2023 to 20 August 2023. Then the peak hours were searched for the volume of vehicle flow crossing the three intersections. Then create a new cycle time for the intersection. The results of the analysis in this research, from survey results, by looking for new cycle times to reduce queue lengths and delays (Delay). The new cycle time obtained to reduce queue lengths and delays for the three intersections on the northern approach is 859.927 seconds/intersection. Then at the southern approach with a total delay of 2,056,013 sec/intersection and at the western approach with a delay of 307,555 sec/intersection. For existing conditions the queue length (QL) is 1321 meters for the northern approach, (QL) 1372 meters for the southern approach and (QL) 1321 meters for the west

Modeling and evaluating the impact of variable bus lane on isolated signal intersection performance

Dedicated Bus Lane (DBL) is a typical strategy to ensure priority for public transportation. However, when the frequency of bus departures is low, the DBL often remains vacant, reducing the efficiency of traffic utilization. Variable bus lane (VBL) strategy allows for the provision of service to social vehicles in specific scenarios, aiming to alleviate traffic congestion and improve emission efficiency at intersections. To analyze the impact of this strategy on dynamic queuing behavior and traffic efficiency at an isolated intersection, this paper proposes a multidimensional stochastic queuing model. The model incorporates various factors such as traffic demand, signal timing, bus arrival time, and the length of the variable area at intersections. By examining the steady-state distribution of queue length and calculating performance indicators, the effectiveness of VBL in improving intersection performance is evaluated. Numerical simulations have demonstrated that the proposed model accurately describes the vehicle queuing process at intersections under different conditions. Theoretical analysis confirms that the implementation of VBL strategy can effectively improve traffic efficiency at intersections and minimize the queue length of vehicles.

Optimal Traffic Control for a Tandem Intersection With Improved Lane Assignments at Presignals

This article focuses on the optimal traffic control strategy for a tandem intersection with pre­signals. First, the impact of a lane assignment scheme at presignals on the operational performance of the tandem intersection is analyzed. An improved lane assignment method is thus proposed to avoid setting the lanes with the same traffic flow direction adjacent to each other as far as possible. Second, vehicle delay models behind the presignals and in the sorting area are established, respectively. Third, considering green times of presignal phases and sorting area lengths on all approaches as variables, an optimization model is proposed to minimize the average vehicle delay. Finally, a case study is conducted on a congested intersection in Changchun, China, to validate the proposed method. The effects of the proposed improved lane assignment scheme on the tandem intersection are analyzed compared with the traditional lane assignment scheme. The results show that the former can decrease average vehicle delay by 22.9% and increase intersection capacity by 18.6%.

The Feasibility and Operational Performance of Implementation Median U-turn Intersections: A CRITIC Method

Currently, a growing number of cities are adopting the Median-U-Turn (MUT) intersection design to enhance road capacity and traffic efficiency. The critical question in selecting the right intersection design is how significantly the implementation of MUT can enhance intersection performance, focusing on three key aspects: intersection efficiency, capacity, and the environmental impact of the design. To address this question, an evaluation of operational performance under various prevailing conditions (roadway and control) was conducted using VISSIM, a microscopic simulation platform. This evaluation involved five scenarios: conventional intersections (with increased cycle length, grade separation with a signalized at-grade intersection, grade separation with a roundabout), MUT, and signalized crossover MUT at a dense urban arterial intersection in Amman, Jordan's capital. The performance was compared using several metrics: average control delay, number of stops, average travel speed and time, average stopped delay, Carbon Monoxide (CO) emissions, fuel consumption, and vehicle safety. The Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) technique was subsequently used to select the optimal design. The findings indicate that the existing intersection configuration is the least effective, while the MUT with signals at the crossing U-turn points is the most efficient solution.

APPLICATION OF THE VISSIM PROGRAM IN EVALUATION AND IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF UNSIGNALED INTERSECTIONS IN PONTIANAK CITY

As part of transportation infrastructure, road infrastructure is essential in increasing community mobility and accessibility. When traffic volume increases or changes its characteristics, the intersection is the first thing that shows the inability to serve the increased traffic. Because intersections are critical points of the traffic system where vehicles from different directions meet, obstacles and traffic jams at intersections will affect the capacity of the road concerned, so the level of service at the intersection will decrease, including the speed, safety, and comfort of road users.This research aims to evaluate the performance of the third and fourth unsignaled intersections in Pontianak City (with a case study of the intersection of Jl. Sultan Abdurrahman-Jl. Sulawesi and the intersection of Jl. Alianyang-Jl. Putri Dara Nante-Jl. Putri Dara Hitam) and analyze alternatives to improve the performance of unsignalized intersections using Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia and the VISSIM program application.The intersection performance analysis results for existing conditions at the third unsignaled intersection have a level of service value of A, and at the fourth unsignaled intersection, a level of service value of B. Based on the intersection performance analysis results, the intersection in its existing condition does not require any treatment or recommendations to improve its performance road infrastructure.

Blending Efficiency and Resilience in the Performance Assessment of Urban Intersections: A Novel Heuristic Informed by Literature Review

Urban mobility underscores the vital importance of ensuring traffic efficiency on road segments, intersections, and transportation networks, especially in challenging circumstances. In this perspective, the essential approach to improving urban intersection efficiency should involve understanding critical factors for maintaining operational performance in the face of disruptions such as storms. This paper, inspired by a systematic literature review, presents a novel heuristic for evaluating urban intersection efficiency, with resilience as its guiding principle. The methodological path was designed to address the fundamental question: How can urban intersections be designed and managed to ensure efficiency and resilience in the face of disruptions? Drawing inspiration from the Highway Capacity Manual procedure, the methodological approach encompasses both pre-storm and post-storm scenarios, comparing delay times at roundabouts and signalized intersections before and after a storm. The results reveal significant changes in delay times for traffic signals, although the choice between roundabouts and signalized intersections should be context-specific, considering factors like traffic conditions, resilience requirements, and associated trade-offs. By shedding light on the interplay between intersection design, control strategies, and urban resilience, this research provides valuable insights into integrating resilience considerations into intersection performance assessment and management strategies. It also underscores how particular intersection designs can impact efficiency and recovery, essential considerations when assessing whether a road or intersection project is resilient.

Optimization of isolated intersection signal timing and trajectory planning under mixed traffic environment: The flexible catalysis of connected and automated vehicles

With the development of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) enables real-time interaction between intersection signals and vehicle trajectories. The full use of this technological breakthrough will help traffic managers improve the performance of intersections. Most previous research focuses on the 100% CAV environment and the single lateral or longitudinal optimization of CAVs. Based on the flexible characteristics of CAVs, this paper proposes that CAV is regarded as the catalyst of vehicle platoon in mixed traffic environment and considers the uncertainty of CAVs and CHVs’ interaction in the real-world, which can promote the generation of controllable platoon through the “catalytic” mode of cooperative, accelerated, or direct lane-changing, and cooperative or direct overtaking. Simultaneously, a two-stage optimization model of mixed traffic trajectory and signal timing is proposed. Stage I: Based on the predicted vehicle platoon information, a dynamic NEMA signal timing scheme without duplicate structures is generated to minimize vehicle delays. Stage II: Based on the timing scheme, the generation of controllable and stable platoon and vehicle trajectory optimization model are established to minimize vehicle emissions. Dynamic programming with NEMA signal groups as sub-states is designed to solve the proposed model. The performance of the proposed model under different scenarios is investigated through numerical experiments and compared with benchmark models. Results show that the proposed model will outperform the benchmark models regarding average vehicle delay and emission under more realistic traffic demands. The average vehicle delay can be reduced by 54.32% and 7.33%, and the average vehicle emissions can be reduced by 19.1% and 0.8%, respectively. Meanwhile, the sensitivity analysis of CAV market penetration shows that the proposed model can perform satisfactorily at 20% CAV market penetration. Notedly, with increased market penetration, the proposed model will obtain better performance.

Data-Driven Statewide Prioritization of Corridors for Signal Retiming Projects

While the introduction of emerging technologies has substantially improved the way traffic signals are operated, most agencies still rely on the traditional approach of retiming, which is typically initiated by “trigger” events (e.g., signal retiming occurs due to citizen calls, a major change in land use or roadway geometry, sustained oversaturation, safety concerns). The approach of using triggers can work effectively for small agencies, however, such an approach may not be sustainable for agencies that operate a high number of corridors. Additionally, agencies are often limited in terms of their budget to retime signals. Therefore, strategic selection of corridors is important to effectively utilize existing resources. Recently data-driven methods for prioritization of corridors for retiming were proposed. However, these methods either rely on datasets that are not widely available or only account for corridor performance (e.g., speed) without considering other relevant factors that can be important during prioritization. Further, most prior attempts estimated corridor performance based on the simple average performance of individual intersections. Such an approach may distort the results for corridors with largely dispersed intersection performance. To overcome these challenges, this study proposes a novel ranking approach based on data that is available to most agencies and incorporates normalized corridor delay, corridor travel time reliability, annual average daily traffic, and time since last retiming. The proposed method was applied to 120 corridors (consisting of 756 signals) across the State of Ohio in the US. It was found that ranking results are highly aligned with agency representatives’ expectations, as most of the highly ranked corridors have already been identified by agency representatives for future retiming projects. Moreover, the before-and-after analysis from recent retiming studies on highly ranked corridors revealed substantial benefits, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed ranking method. The proposed ranking and prioritization method discussed in this paper could be beneficial for agencies with large number of corridors and limited budget and resources so they can effectively prioritize their corridors for future signal retiming projects.

Understanding the Determinants of Lane Inefficiency at Fully Actuated Intersections: An Empirical Analysis

As urban traffic challenges intensify, the growing interest for fully actuated control systems in intersection management is on the rise due to their capacity to adapt to dynamic traffic demands. These systems play a crucial role in sustainable traffic solutions, significantly reducing delays and emissions and enhancing overall system efficiency. The optimal performance of these systems relies on effectively facilitating vehicle discharge at the saturation flow rate throughout the green period. This study introduces a new parameter, lane inefficiency, evaluating vehicle discharge effectiveness by comparing saturation flow rate with instantaneous discharge for each green period. It provides a comprehensive assessment of green utilization for specific lanes. This study also explores the impact of signal control system parameters and traffic flow characteristics on lane inefficiency using principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regression models. This approach holistically evaluates how both signal control system and traffic flow parameters collectively influence efficient green period utilization. The findings emphasize the impact of critical factors on lane inefficiency, including green time, the proportion of total unused green time to green time, total unused green time, the percentage of heavy vehicles in departing traffic, the ratio of effective green time to cycle time, the total time headways of the first four vehicles, and queue length. Decision makers need to pay due attention to these parameters to enhance intersection performance and foster a more sustainable urban transportation network.

EVALUASI KINERJA LALU LINTAS PEMBANGUNAN UNDERPASS CIBITUNG KABUPATEN BEKASI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI VISSIM (Kawasan Pasar Induk dan Stasiun Cibitung Kabupaten Bekasi)

Bekasi District is one of the areas of the national economy that has a significant influence on the industrial sector. A large number of generation and attraction areas occur in the Main Market and Cibitung Station areas. The main market is a generation and pull area for people from inside or outside Bekasi Regency, while the Cibitung Station area is a new zone that is the generation and pull area for Jabodetabek commuter trips. One of the improvement activities in Bekasi Regency is the construction of the Cibitung Underpass. This underpass is located on Jalan Bosih Raya as a solution to traffic congestion in the Cibitung Station area. The existence of this underpass should provide a solution to congestion in the Pasar Induk and Cibitung Station areas, but if seen at this time the traffic conditions in the Cibitung Main Market Area are still experiencing congestion. The method used in this research is to create a validated traffic network model with the help of Vissim software. The model is then used to determine the performance of traffic sections and intersections both in terms of current conditions and in terms of the handling process. the optimization of the intersections were calculated using the MKJI model. Traffic performance of road sections and intersections will be obtained from alternative treatments. The expected research result is to get the best alternative that is able to reduce the value of queues and delays in the study area.

Traffic Performance Analysis in The Traditional Market Area

Traffic performance is quantitative measurement that describes condition on a road. Congestion is caused high levels of activity, such as parking on the road and public transportation that drops off and picks up passengers, pedestrians walk on the road because there are no pedestrian facilities available, so that side obstacles become high. This research aims to improve traffic performance in Cibarusah Market Area. Traffic performance calculations based on PKJI 2023 and road network performance using PTV Vissim Modelling. Congestion that occurs can be seen from road performance indicators, namely VC Ratio 0,75, Speed 21.56 km/h with LOS F, and density 73.7 PCU/km. Meanwhile, intersection performance is assessed from 3 indicators, namely DS 0.82, queue opportunities 27 – 54%, and delay 25.09 sec/PCU with LOS D. The analytical methods used in this research are road performance analysis, intersection analysis, road network analysis, parking analysis, and pedestrian analysis. The results of the road performance increase with LOS E. Furthermore, intersection performance also increases with LOS C. Road network performance also improves, based on delay average from 25.27 to 11.02 seconds, speed average from 26.21 to 39.67 km/h, distance total from 22.997.28 to 23.401.59 km, and travel time total from 877.28 to 589.96 hours.

Harnessing Digital Twin Technology for Adaptive Traffic Signal Control: Improving Signalized Intersection Performance and User Satisfaction

Harnessing Digital Twin Technology for Adaptive Traffic Signal Control: Improving Signalized Intersection Performance and User Satisfaction