Interrelationships Of Technology Research Articles

Interrelationships between circular economy and Industry 4.0: A research agenda for sustainable supply chains

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to propose a novel classification of the interrelationships between Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies and circular economy (CE) principles that highlights the most conclusive findings and extant gaps in the relevant research. A systematic literature review has been developed to locate, select and evaluate relevant contributions made to CE interrelationships with I4.0 technologies. Studies have been analysed and classified according to the specific I4.0 technology and CE principle addressed (10Rs). The articles have been clustered into three main groups: (i) useful application of materials, (ii) extending the lifespan of products and their parts and (iii) smarter product use and manufacture. A mind map of the investigated articles has been used to establish the interrelationships between individual technologies and each CE principle at the supply chain level. Based on this classification, a focus group interview (FGI) was held with experts to dig deeper into the interrelationships between I4.0 technologies and CE principles. The FGI results have identified how each as yet unexplored I4.0 technology could be linked to each CE principle. A Fuzzy Delphi (FD) study was also applied to identify the most relevant I4.0 technologies for improving CE principles and closing gaps in the literature regarding the 10R CE principles. In addition, guidelines have been established to assist with practical applications and generate a research agenda on the interrelationships between I4.0 technologies and CE principles at the supply chain level. Implications for theory include the extension of view from the research gaps between I4.0 technologies and the 10Rs identified in the literature; also, an FGI and FD were performed based on the detected research gaps to identify future lines of research for academics and offer useful guidance to directors and managers on I4.0 technology interrelationships for improving at least one of the 10R CE principles. The contribution to practice aims to enable managers to easily identify which technology from the I4.0 domain should be used to advance any given CE principle. Lastly, we provide useful guidance on the application of as‐yet‐unused technologies to improve CE principles.

Управление строительством объекта на основе моделирования технологии строительства объекта

The time schedule is the main source of information in construction management. The overall efficiency and success of the project ultimately depends on its quality. At present, the concept of "technology for the construction of an object" is associated with the technological sequence of works of the object, the relationship between them, but there are practically no deep theoretical studies in the field of determining the quantitative relationships between interrelated works. The traditional approach to determining quantitative ratios based on previously adopted organizational decisions is fully justified for organizational and technological planning. But in order to organize the production of work, that is, to make the appropriate organizational decisions for the implementation of specific volumes of work, it is necessary to preliminarily determine these volumes.In the process of determination, technological requirements must be taken into account, which dictate the quantitative relationships between interrelated works. Purpose of the study. Building a model that takes into account technological dependencies in the process of performing construction and installation work. Materials and methods. The work used publications available in open sources on the organization of construction work, as well as regulations used in the Russian Federation, regulating the construction industry. Results. A new concept of construction technology of an object is given, as a quantitative and qualitative assessment of technological links between works, which determine the possibility of planning works and organizing production, depending on the state of the previous ones. This definition allows us to formulate the essence of modeling the construction technology of an object, namely, the establishment of technological links between the works and the determination of the minimum volumes on the previous one, which open up the possibility for planning a technologically interconnected volume on the subsequent work. The article has developed and presented such a model (model of object technological dependencies), which describes the technological interrelationships of works and their quantitative estimates at the beginning and end of works. The possibilities of the model of object technological dependencies in the development of management decisions from the point of view of the general functions of construction management are shown. Conclusion. The described model can successfully serve as a technological basis for planning construction and installation works, making organizational decisions, monitoring the progress of work, as well as developing management decisions in the process of construction production. With its help, you can analyze the progress and status of work in each planning period of the planned year.

The Technical Efficiency of Engineering Industry Cluster at Hosur

For inclusive growth and sustainable development Engineering Industries (EIs) in Hosur have adopted the Cluster Development Approach (CDA). The objective is to study the value chain analysis, correlation analysis and data envelopment analysis by finding Technical Efficiency (Ø), Peer Weights (li), Input Slacks (S-) and Output Slacks (S+) of 50 EIs. The methodology adopted is data envelopment analysis of output-oriented Banker–Charnes–Cooper Model by taking the number of employment, plant and machinery as input and Gross Value Added (GVA) as output. The non-zero li’s represents the weights for efficient clusters. The S > 0 obtained reveals the excess machinery or number of employment (S-) and shortage in GVA (S+). To conclude, the variables are highly correlated, and for inclusive growth and sustainable development, the inefficient EI should increase their GVA or decrease the employment or machinery. Moreover, for sustainable development, the EI should strengthen infrastructure interrelationships, technology interrelationships, procurement interrelationships, production interrelationships and marketing interrelationships to decrease costs and to increase productivity and efficiency to compete in the indigenous and export market.

Qualitative Analysis and Impact Assessment of Chennai Automotive Industry Cluster

The Chennai is one of India’s largest auto hubs due to its Automotive Industry presence producing India’s Vehicle and Components. The Chennai Automotive Industry Cluster(CAIC) faced problems on infrastructure, technology, procurement, production and marketing. During diagnostic study it if found that there is need for Cluster Development Approach(CDA) for these Industries. The objective is to study on the qualitative analysis and impact assessment of CAIC before and after the CDA and develop a CAIC Model. The methodology adopted is collection of primary qualitative data from 100 Industries using questionnaire and analyzing using Reliability Analysis(RA), Test for Proportion(TFP), Chi-Square Test(CST), Kolmogorov–Smirnov(KS) one-sample Test and Impact assessment is carried out to find the performance of the cluster after intervention at three level viz., Firm level, Association level and Cluster level The RA proves the data are reliable. It is found using TFP that the proportion of sampled industrial units agreeing for better Infrastructure, Technological, Procurement, Production and Marketing Interrelationships. The CST reveals that there is no association between locations with respect to variables and the fact states that location of the industrial units plays a major role in establishing related vital intervention strategies. The KS Test reveals that there is significant difference in each of the variables under study after CDA. In Firm Level Impact Assessment, the level of impact in respect of technology interrelationships, Production interrelationships and Marketing interrelationships seems to have High Impact. The level of impact in respect of Infrastructure Interrelationships and Procurement Interrelationships seem to be having moderate impact. In Association / Network Level Impact Assessment the three individual Associations / Network level impact seems to be high. The Cluster Level Impact assessment is also high when all the three locations are taken into account. The CAIC Model, demonstrates the fact that industrial units have utilized the Physical Infrastructure and Centralized Facilities by adopting the CDA.

Study of CNSL Processing Plants Located in Cuddalore District of Tamil Nadu, India

Basic chemicals and their related products like petrochemicals, fertilisers, paints, varnishes, glass, perfumes, toiletries, pharmaceuticals, etc. form a very significant part of the Indian economy and account for about 3% of India’s GDP. Among the most diversified industrial sectors, it covers an array of more than 70,000 commercial products. The chemicals sector accounts for about 14% in overall index of industrial production, 11% of total exports and about 7.2% of total imports. The total Foreign Direct Investment in Chemicals (excluding fertilizers) was US$ 7252 million from April 2011 to March 2012. For inclusive growth and sustainable development most of the Chemical manufacturers should adopt the Cluster Development Approach. The objective is to Study the Occupational Hazards in Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) Oil Processing Industries in Panruti Block of Cuddalore District. The methodology adopted is collection of primary processing data during November 2012 from 14 CNSL Processing Industries in Panruti Block of Cuddalore District. Majority of Industries has not processed the CNSL oil as per standards and there is much scope for occupational hazards. In two processes the CNSL oil is let out in the tank constructed equal to ground height where there is possibility of workers getting trapped inside the high temperature CNSL oil. The electric motor is also placed in the ground so that there is possibility of current passing in the ground which leads to occupational hazards for the workers. To conclude, Cashew Shell Oil Processing Industries in Panruti Block of Cuddalore District needs is re-engineering in design and operation starting from Cashew Shell storage, extraction of shell oil from expeller, processing and packaging of CNSL in barrels for better safety from occupational hazards and Cyclones. Moreover for sustainable development, they should adopt cluster development approach, so that infrastructure interrelationships, technology interrelationships, procurement interrelationships, production interrelationships and marketing interrelationships will take place among CNSL manufacturers to decrease cost, increase quality, productivity and efficiency to compete in the world market.

Design, Mediation, and the Posthuman ed. by Dennis M. Weiss, Amy D. Propen, and Colbey Emmerson Reid (review)

Reviewed by: Design, Mediation, and the Posthuman ed. by Dennis M. Weiss, Amy D. Propen, and Colbey Emmerson Reid Gavin Rae (bio) Design, Mediation, and the Posthuman. Edited by Dennis M. Weiss, Amy D. Propen, and Colbey Emmerson Reid. New York: Lexington Books, 2014. Pp. 326. $100/ebook $99.99. Interest in, and discussions of, the posthuman dominate contemporary thinking across a range of disciplines. By calling into question the nature and structure of the conceptual categories that structure thought in many areas, defenders of posthumanism have argued that “it” liberates us from the repressive thought processes associated with humanism and corrects previous misunderstandings of the structure of reality, including the relationship between humans and their environment. The problem that has arisen, however, is that by occurring across multiple disciplines, being oriented around different problematics, and employing different methodologies, the notion of the posthuman has become blurred to the extent that it is better and more accurate to talk of posthumanisms. In this spirit, Design, Mediation, and the Posthuman collects thirteen articles from “fourteen authors from twelve institutions, six disciplines, and three continents” (p. vii) to discuss the nature of the posthuman as it relates to or is mediated through contemporary technologies and literary theory. The multidisciplinary and multicultural backgrounds of the contributors create a diverse mix of chapters that highlight the contestation inherent to the concept of the posthuman. The collection starts with an [End Page 283] introduction setting out the problematic to be addressed, namely the complexity of the relationship between “technology, design, and human users” (p. vii). To do so, it suggests that contemporary thinking on the posthuman responds to a debate as to whether minds or material things are to be privileged. This is, of course, an ancient debate, but this book suggests that what is unique about the contemporary one is the crucial role that new technologies, specifically computer technologies, play in human existence. Placing the debate within a historical context, the introductory essay argues that, while the 1990s saw a plethora of theorists affirm the importance of the mind and virtual reality, the early 2000s entailed a return to materiality (p. x). Posthumanism contributes to this because it offers a new conceptual and historical analysis that (1) breaks with the binary oppositions that previously dominated thought to focus on the interrelational entwinement between minds and things, while doing so (2) with specific reference to new computer technologies to bring to the fore the new relationships and structures that are specific to contemporary existence. The essays are varied, but each focuses on showing the interrelationship of technologies, things, and humans. The essays are grouped around three themes, with each preceded by a summary section from the editors that not only brings into focus the theme to be discussed, but also provides a helpful summary of what is to come. The articles in the first section by Anthony Miccoli, Amy Propen, Elise Takehana, and John Tinnell examine the notion of mediation by engaging with the different ways in which technology mediates the human–world relationship. Those in the second section, by Jonathan Rey Lee, Emily Mc-Arthur, Colbey Reid, and Yoni Van Den Eede, focus on the “thing” aspect by examining the meaning and influence of LEGO, Siri, the relationship between interior design and disability, and self-tracking technologies for the human–world relation. The final section looks to the impact that the posthuman has on the “users” of technology by examining historical conceptions of the posthuman (Kristie Fleckenstein and Josh Mehler), the relationship between posthumanism and cynicism (Matthew Levy), human–technology relations (Dennis Weiss), and the construction of the self from video games (Brendan Keogh) and Lars von Trier’s 2011 film Melancholia (Nicola Merola). The result is an eclectic mix that brings to the fore the multidimensional and contested nature of the posthuman. While a concluding section would have tied the book together, as it stands, it is an original contribution that will be of interest to those exploring the human–world relationship and, in particular, the ways that the technological and literary imbue contemporary discussions of the posthuman. [End Page 284] Gavin Rae Gavin Rae is Conex Marie Skłodowska-Curie Research Fellow...

컨버전스제품의 상대적 매력도와 채택의 영향요인

Purpose This study reviews technology acceptance research in the information system area and consumer behavior research in the marketing area, sets characteristics of convergence products, personality of consumers and communication channels as main concepts and demonstrates their effects on 'relative level of attraction' and 'intent to adoption. Design/methodology/approach The survey was conducted against potential consumers who have the intent to purchase electric communication media products that provides a variety of functions and service, such as a smart TV, a tablet PC and a smart watch. All items were adapted from previous literature and revised as appropriate the purpose of this study and measured on a 7-point Likert scale with answer choices ranging from "strongly disagree" (1) to (7) "strongly agree." Totally, 300 respondents participated in the survey. Out of the 276 respondents, incomplete or invalid 24 were discarded. With them, SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 20.0 for structural equation modeling were used for the analysis. Findings Main findings are as followed;- First, it is found that 'interrelationship of technology' and 'functional diversification' of convergence products has positive effects on relative level of attraction. Second, perceived behavior control has significant effects on the intent to adoption convergence products. Third, communication through mass media has positive effects on making potential consumers feel attraction about products while there is no relationship with the intent to a. On the other hands, it is demonstrated that there is no relationship influential relationship between communication through interpersonal channels and relative level of attraction while communication through interpersonal channels has significant effects on the intent to adoption.

Students' perspectives of mobile learning platforms: an empirical study

Educational institutions are becoming involved in adopting technological innovations like the mobile learning (m-Learning) platform for education. Mobile technologies are the next frontier as infrastructure for m-Learning because they can provide high-quality learning capabilities to satisfy the rising student demand for mobility and flexibility due to the ubiquitous nature of mobile technology (smartphones) and the vast opportunities it offers, there are indications that smartphones could lead the next generation for learning platforms. Researchers have examined the idea from several angles and produced a copious amount of literature devoted to explaining the interrelationships of technology and learning. In this research we aim to offer a view of students' perspectives, giving a systematic examination of m-Learning adoption that can be used as a framework for further research into the success of m-Learning. We found that making learning more interesting, increasing productivity, and providing internet access had the greatest effect on student's perceptions.

The Productivity and Technical Efficiency of Textile Industry Clusters in India

The Indian textile industry is one the largest and oldest sectors in the country and among the most important in the economy in terms of output, investment and employment (E). The sector employs nearly 35 million people and after agriculture, is the second‐highest employer in the country. Its importance is underlined by the fact that it accounts for around 4 % of Gross Domestic Product, 14 % of industrial production, 9 % of excise collections, 18 % of E in the industrial sector, and 16 % of the country’s total exports (Ex) earnings. For inclusive growth and sustainable development most of the Textile Manufacturers has adopted the Cluster Development Approach. The objective is to study the physical and financial performance, correlation, regression and Data Envelopment Analysis by measuring technical efficiency (O), peer weights (λi), input slacks (S−), output slacks (S+) and return to scale of four textile clusters (TCs) namely IchalKaranji Textile Cluster, Maharashtra; Ludhiana Textile Cluster, Punjab; Tirupur Textile Cluster, Tamilnadu and Panipat Textile Cluster, Haryana in India. The methodology adopted is using Data Envelopment Analysis of Output Oriented Banker Charnes Cooper Model by taking number of units (U) and number of E as inputs and sales (S) and Ex in crores as an outputs. The non-zero λi’s represents the weights for efficient clusters. The S > 0 obtained for one TC reveals the excess U (S−) and E (S−) and shortage in sales (S+) and Ex (S+). To conclude, for inclusive growth and sustainable development, the inefficient TC should increase their S/turnover and Ex, as decrease in number of enterprises and E is practically not possible. Moreover for sustainable development, the TC should strengthen infrastructure interrelationships, technology interrelationships, procurement interrelationships, production interrelationships and marketing interrelationships to decrease cost, increase productivity and efficiency to compete in the world market.

Sustainable Development in Indian Automotive Component Clusters

India is the world’s second fastest growing auto market and boasts of the sixth largest automobile industry after China, the US, Germany, Japan and Brazil. The Indian auto component industry recorded its highest year-on-year growth of 34.2 % in 2010–2011, raking in revenue of US$ 39.9 billion; major contribution coming from exports at US$ five billion and fresh investment from the US at around US$ two billion. For inclusive growth and sustainable development most of the auto components manufacturers has adopted the cluster development approach. The objective is to study the technical efficiency (θ), peer weights (λ i ), input slacks (S−) and output slacks (S+) of four Auto Component Clusters (ACC) in India. The methodology adopted is using Data Envelopment Analysis of Input Oriented Banker Charnes Cooper Model by taking number of units and number of employments as inputs and sales and exports in crores as an outputs. The non-zero λ i ’s represents the weights for efficient clusters. The S > 0 obtained for one ACC reveals the excess no. of units (S−) and employment (S−) and shortage in sales (S+) and exports (S+). However the variable returns to scale are increasing for three clusters, constant for one more cluster and with nil decrease. To conclude, for inclusive growth and sustainable development, the inefficient ACC should increase their turnover and exports, as decrease in no. of enterprises and employment is practically not possible. Moreover for sustainable development, the ACC should strengthen infrastructure interrelationships, technology interrelationships, procurement interrelationships, production interrelationships and marketing interrelationships to increase productivity and efficiency to compete in the world market.

A new programme of obsidian characterization at Çatalhöyük, Turkey

This paper details the chemical sourcing of 135 obsidian artefacts from Çatalhöyük, a Neolithic site in central Anatolia, the trace-elemental analyses being undertaken in two laboratories using ICP-MS, ICP-AES and LA-ICP-MS. The material is assigned to three sources in Cappadocia: Göllü Dağ-east, Nenezi Dağ and Acıgöl West. The various interrelationships of technology, raw material and date are considered, the data suggesting an increased reliance upon the Nenezi Dağ source in the latter part of the Early Neolithic, a shift that coincides with, and is related to, the introduction of new blade technologies.

Video and Stage Space: Some European Perspectives

The utilization of moving pictures in live performances dates almost from the beginning of the filmic medium itself, but at the end of the twentieth century the rapidly evolving world of digital technology has provided a seemingly almost limitless range of possible interrelationships and interactions between the live body of traditional theatre and performance and the reproduced body of film and digital technology. Just as this work has radically altered (and continues to alter) the concept of the performing body itself, so it has radically altered (and continues to alter) the concept of the space in which that body operates. In the lead essay to the special issue of Theatre Journal devoted to "Theatre and Technology" Johannes Birringer looked to contemporary experimental work in dance, suggesting how the use of technology, especially digital technology, was opening new possibilities for the seeing and the experiencing of this form. "In the 1990s," he proposed, "working digitally and being digital evoke a new futurism of virtual performance possibilities; its new technological catchword is 'interactivity’". Diana Theodores has coined the term "technography" to refer to this major new development in dance, reinforcing the mutually informing new interrelationships of technology and choreography.

The Impact of Technological Change on Work and Wages

This review begins with a discussion of how technology affects wage structures. The literature reviewed is divided into two segments—studies of the impact of technological change on wages (and growing inequality), productivity, and employment and studies of the interrelationship of technology, human resource systems, and labor productivity. We conclude with suggestions for future research topics. Overall, we find that technological change accounts for only part of the changing wage structure in the United States, whereas changes in institutional forces that affect the creation of industry rents and the distribution of rents are also an important factor.

THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF TIME IN THE INTERNET ERA: FEMINIST PERSPECTIVES AND CHALLENGES

This paper examines the gender matrix of time, arguing for cross-disciplinary consideration of political economy, globalization and technology to achieve a detailed understanding of gendered hierarchies of time and the ways in which public/private identifications of social space and time have variously constructed and maintained them. It is argued that women are alienated from their own time, which is identified as most legitimately allocated to the service of others both in the home and at work. The inter-relationship of technologies and gendered identities is explored in relation to public/private divisions and the political-economic and scientific-technological knowledge processes that contribute to upholding them. ICTs reflect these historically established gendered patterns, but international projects such as 'Women on the Net' also demonstrate the capacities of these technologies for disrupting the gender matrix of time through their use by women for women.

THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF TIME IN THE INTERNET ERA: FEMINIST PERSPECTIVES AND CHALLENGES

This paper examines the gender matrix of time, arguing for cross-disciplinary consideration of political economy, globalization and technology to achieve a detailed understanding of gendered hierarchies of time and the ways in which public/private identifications of social space and time have variously constructed and maintained them. It is argued that women are alienated from their own time, which is identified as most legitimately allocated to the service of others both in the home and at work. The inter-relationship of technologies and gendered identities is explored in relation to public/private divisions and the political-economic and scientific-technological knowledge processes that contribute to upholding them. ICTs reflect these historically established gendered patterns, but international projects such as 'Women on the Net' also demonstrate the capacities of these technologies for disrupting the gender matrix of time through their use by women for women.

Do Technologies have Time?

This article explores the idea that certain temporalities of technology relate to temporalities embodied in different social practices. Our interest focuses on practices that do not seek a priori to domesticate time but rather seek to come to terms with it. Sociological analysis can no longer assume that technological artifacts incorporate functional time demands that determine unequivocally the uses of time. Instead it is concrete practices that generate those qualities of technology that we usually tend to grasp as `permanent' and `pregiven'. To what extent the complex inter-relationship of technology and time is revealed will be illustrated by three different types - the `surfer', the `sceptic' and the `gambler'. These figures show the complicated and multidimensional ways in which technology plays a part in the constitution of reality and assumes differing shapes in everyday life.

Innovation in grand prix motor racing. II. Extension of the population ecology model

This paper examines the population ecology model as it has recently been developed in the marketing and strategic marketing literatures and suggests that it be modified to include considerations of the interrelationships of technology, product, organization, consumer preferences, marketing and finance which determine the S-shape of the logistics curve. These factors provide the fundamental driving force behind strategy. The paper identifies the implications of the S-curve which determine the nature of the development of technology. It then analyses the process of technological development in order to demonstrate why the logistics curve takes the familiar S-shape, and identifies the stages through which terminology development must pass in order to determine the logistics curve. This leads to an alternative population ecology model of the role of marketing in technological innovation which is tested with data from extensive studies of the history of Grand Prix motor racing innovation.

Forward Integration into Distribution: An Empirical Test of Transaction Cost Analysis

The issue of forward vertical integration has attracted a good deal of attention from researchers in several disciplines, including economics, marketing, and law. Many explanations have been offered for this phenomenon, including technological interrelationships involving economies of scale and scope (Chandler), uncertainty and risk considerations (Arrow, 1969), information externalities (Green), and strategic purposes. Blair and Kaserman (1983) offer an extensive survey of the extant literature in this area. Of particular note, however, is the recent rise in prominence of the transaction costs analysis (TCA) of vertical integration. This approach consists of a blend of institutional economics, organizational theory, and contract law, and has been developed primarily by Oliver Williamson (1979, 1985). He views vertical integration as a response to the inability of arms-length market relationships to govern exchange efficiently under particular circumstances. The level of specialized assets' required to support the exchange, the uncertainty2 surrounding the exchange, and the frequency3 of exchange are

The Rise and Decline of the American Cut Nail Industry: A Study of the Interrelationships of Technology, Business Organization, and Management Techniques

The Rise and Decline of the American Cut Nail Industry: A Study of the Interrelationships of Technology, Business Organization, and Management Techniques

The Rise and Decline of the American Cut Nail Industry: A Study of the Interrelationships of Technology, Business Organization, and Management Techniques

The history of cut nail manufacturing shows how the interaction of technology and markets shaped the structure, organizational patterns, management systems, and individual production units of a single industry--a classic example of the American enterprise system at work. Reliance on wood construction created an expanding market for cut nails and exerted considerable pressure for high volume and low prices. Industry responded to this challenge, introducing and perfecting machine-made nails. As this competitive advantage began to decline the industry was again transformed by management changes and the implementation of cost accounting. Loveday utilizes the records of four dominant companies in the industry and journalistic accounts to document the complex patterns of growth and decline, innovation and obsolescence in the cut nail industry.