Interregional Routes Research Articles

Maritime hinterlands and interregional interaction at Late Antique Kekova Adası, Türkiye

How do resource-poor island communities develop networks to ensure their supply of foodstuffs and basic commodities? The growth of the Late Antique (5th-7th century CE) town at Kekova Adası on the southern Turkish coast of Lycia offers an instructive case study. Underwater survey along the town’s harbor front yielded large quantities of amphoras, utilitarian and fine pottery, and ceramic building materials that testify to local consumption and transshipment activities on the island. The origins of these materials serve as proxy for the networks of exchange that underpinned life on Kekova Adası. Yet because many of the most common amphora and other pottery types were produced over wide areas of many hundreds of kilometers of coast in Late Antiquity, ceramic petrography is necessary to determine or more precisely define the origins of these materials and, in turn, the shape of the networks through which they moved. The results reveal that the inhabitants of Kekova Adası developed a hinterland for supply by sea that encompassed the coastal plain around Limyra some 40 km to the east as well as, seemingly, across the open sea to the southwest corner of Cyprus. While most of the bulk processed agricultural goods (particularly wine and oil) carried in these amphoras, and the ceramic building materials and other imported wares, derived from these two regions, this hinterland also intersected with larger networks of exchange that brought amphoras as well as fine and cooking wares from across the Levant, Cilicia, the east Aegean, and the northeast Peloponnese. This pattern articulates the integration and mutual interdependence of Kekova Adası’s local network with the particularly busy interregional route that supplied major urban centers and the state during this period. In the process, the case study highlights the necessity of ceramic petrography as a means of precisely reconstructing such networks.

El arte rupestre de Huancha (Daniel Alcides Carrión - Pasco) y sus implicancias en las rutas interregionales del centro peruano durante los periodos Arcaico y Formativo

Huancha is an archaeological complex that presents a great variety of rock representations from different periods. In this paper we highlight its importance as a place of connection between the western side (the coast) and the eastern side (the Amazon basin) of the Andean mountain range, placing it within the discourse of recent research. We propose through the study of the rock art in Huancha that this site played an articu- lating role between different populations during the Archaic and Formative periods. In the Archaic period the site would be related to groups that practiced camelid hunting and began the process of domestication of these. During the Formative period it is related to the development of ceremonial activities and interactions, expressed in several conspi- cuous art styles and represented in a similar way to others located in the Coast and the Andes of central Peru, and even in some of the north. Based on these data, we consider that Huancha formed an important part of the interregional routes in an extensive area of the Central Andes that included the Amazon basin, and whose importance endures to the present day.

ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ МЕЖРЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ В РАМКАХ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ, ПРОДВИЖЕНИЯ И РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ТУРИСТСКИХ ПРОДУКТОВ

The dynamic development of tourism activities in the regions of the Russian Federation, the high interest of the population in travel, and the close attention of federal and regional authorities to tourism determine the relevance of the study, the results of which are presented in the article. The purpose of the study is to study the organizational aspects of interregional cooperation in the framework of the formation, promotion and sale of tourist products, taking into account practical features: cooperation of tour operators, interaction with travel service providers, implementation of agency networks, etc. The research methods are: analysis of scientific publications and the legislative and regulatory framework in the field of tourism; synthesis of processes related to the formation, promotion and sale of tourist products, as well as interviews. The article provides examples of Russian interregional routes; presents the functions and conditions of the activities of tour operators and travel agents in the Russian Federation; suggests a scheme of interaction of subjects within the framework of the formation, promotion and sale of tourist products at the interregional level; presents organizational aspects of the implementation of interregional cooperation in the framework of work with tourist products. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the organizational aspects of interregional cooperation in the framework of the formation, promotion and sale of tourist products. The practical significance of the study is due to the possibilities of using the main provisions and conclusions by such subjects of the tourist market as tour operators and travel agents (for the development of interregional tourist routes), as well as regional and municipal authorities in the development of concepts, strategies and programs for the formation and development of domestic and inbound tourism in the regions. The results of this study serve as the basis for further research on the subjects of the domestic and inbound tourism market within the framework of interregional interaction at the micro, meso and macro levels.

Are “Bear Corners” Homogeneous: Differentiation of Regions Along the Vologda–Kostroma Border

The article considers a strip of municipal districts on the border of Kostroma and Vologda oblasts–a territory that simultaneously belongs to the periphery of both regions, the periphery of economic regions and modern federal districts, and the inner periphery of European Russia. The territories under consideration are part of the old-developed non-Chernozem zone, which is characterized by rapid depopulation and shrinkage of the developed space. The purpose of the study is to identify the spatial differentiation of areas along the border and its role in the formation of differences between the territories. Various methods were used: the study of historical maps, the analysis of modern statistics, methods of qualitative sociology, and field observations. The study showed the predominantly barrier function of the regional border, largely due to physical and geographical reasons–the watershed of the Volga and White Sea basins and the configuration of rivers along which local systems historically formed rural settlement pattern and transport corridors. The historical multidirectional spatial gravity of regions on different sides of the border, combined with institutional barriers, led to the differentiation of economic and social processes in municipal regions. Thus, the socioeconomic indicators of the regions on the Vologda side of the border are generally more prosperous and differ less from each other than on the Kostroma side. The study also revealed an extremely important role that interregional routes could play. With a general trend towards a reduction in the rural population and fragmentation of the local economy, the territories on both sides of the border are heterogeneous, and various combinations of place functions are formed. At the same time, it is premature to attribute a strip of peripheral territory in relation to many centers to the zone of a spontaneously formed natural reserve.

Domestic tourism as a driver of socio-economic development of the Samara region

The article examines promising areas of tourism as a driver of socio-economic development, identified on the basis of an analysis of the preferences of consumers of tourist services in the Samara region. The relevance of the study is confirmed by the growing demand for domestic tourism destinations, both intraregional and in Russia as a whole. Samara region is included in the «Golden Twenty» of the National Tourism Rating of the regions of the Russian Federation, has a developed infrastructure, significant natural, historical and cultural potential for tourism development. The authors note that tourism is a strategic priority of the socio-economic development of the Samara region and Russia as a whole, identify promising types of tourist services in the region. The article presents the results of studying the preferences of consumers of the tourism sector in order to identify popular types of tourism in the Samara region, aimed at sustainable socio-economic development and satisfaction of tourist requests of visitors in relevant areas, as well as increasing the level of investment activity in the region. The key needs of users of tourist services of the Samara region are identified and compared with the existing tourist potential of the region. It is noted that the basis for the development of the tourism industry in the region are all-season events for the balanced development of existing types of tourism: fishing and hunting, cultural and educational, active ecotourism, creative tourism. The authors of the study emphasize that the future of tourism in the Samara region is connected with the development of domestic tourism, the growing demand for tourist interregional routes of active recreation, the formation of a culture of eco-tourism, obtaining authentic experience of communicating with local residents and their way of life, immersion in the culture, traditions and language of the place.

Использование скоростных электропоездов «Ласточка» на межрегиональных маршрутах Уральского федерального округа

The article analyzes the passenger turnover of high-speed electric trains “Lastochka” (“Swallow”) on interregional routes of the Ural Federal District: Yekaterinburg-Passenger - Perm, Yekaterinburg-Passenger - Tyumen, Yekaterinburg-Passenger - Kurgan. The dynamics of prices is investigated, the advantages and disadvantages of the “Lastochka” (“Swallow”) rolling stock are considered.

Planning of the Interregional Tourist Route in the Urals

Abstract The article aims to attract the attention of geographers to the development of technology for the design of tourist routes. The world and Russian experience of designing long interregional tourist routes is considered. The authors’ approaches to route design are illustrated by the example of the Urals. Interregional tourist routes in Russia are actively developed with the support of the government. They are initiated by interacting regions and especially federal districts. Interregional routes are tours covering several adjacent regions or regions that are close not territorially, but thematically in tourist aspects. Such routes are quite different, but they have mainly cultural and informative goals as well as an excursion, transport and sometimes cruise style. Among all the interregional routes, the ‘Golden Ring’ and the ‘Volga-Kama’ river cruises are exemplary, among which the ‘Moskovskaya krugosvetka’ stands out due to the uniqueness of the ring shape of the route. The geographic features of the Urals are at the heart of the logical decisions for the preparation of the interregional tourist project ’The Great Ural Route’. The Urals have attractive, image, logistic and other opportunities for organising a large tourist route. A route should be developed for residents of the country and foreign guests, which will introduce the most striking and characteristic objects of the macro region as a whole. Moreover, the annular shape of the route is most preferred. It is advisable to lay the route in most of the Ural regions. It should include the main cities, landscapes of different natural zones, the most significant excursion sites and distinctive territories. Geographic route design technologies make it possible to make them relevant for a long time.

Online Tourist Portals of St. Petersburg and Leningrad Region: Current Status and Prospects

Digitalization of tourism in the Russian Federation is primarily associated with the increasing importance of tourism, not only as a way to spend leisure time, but also as a branch of the economy that can generate a significant income and ensure territorial development. Despite a large number of diverse tourism resources in the country, tourism development was highly uneven, concentrating in a limited number of regions.Information technology and especially the Internet has greatly toughened global competition over tourist flows. In today’s world, tourists would rather visit a place about which they can get sufficient information and where a trip can be easily arranged. The role of national and regional tourist web portals, supported by relevant government agencies, is significantly increasing in this context. The tourist information infrastructure should not only provide up-to-date and complete information, but also ensure usability for the tourist (including independent). Tourism within St. Petersburg and Leningrad Region is featured by rather close links between the regions and unification of tourist flows between them. Both regions have a significant quantity of tourist resources, which ensures development of various types of tourism. Creation of the ‘silver Necklace’ interregional route consolidated further integration between tourist resources of the neighboring regions. Tourist portals of these regions, nevertheless, significantly differ in their content and interactive capabilities. As part of the study, the information presented on tourist portals of Russia, St. Petersburg and Leningrad Region in terms of implementing interactive services was reviewed.

Finno-Ugric areas of Russia in tourist dimension

Introduction. Currently, there are special spatial areas in the world that were established on the basis of ethnic identity. One of them is Finno-Ugric, which unites 24 peoples of the Finno-Ugric group of the Uralic language family. For centuries they have preserved their identity, language, traditions and customs of their ancestors. The object of our research is the Finno-Ugric territories in Russia. The purpose of the study is to determine the tourist resources of the Finno-Ugric regions of Russia for their development and interaction in the field of tourism. Materials and methods. Research in the area of tourism at Finno-Ugric areas in Russia deals with, first of all, the tourist resources of the regions, spatial planning and organization of tourist activities. The research required the use of various methods. Thus, the comparative-descriptive method allowed identifying common and distinctive features in the development of tourism in the studied regions, historical method allowed considering the emergence and development of processes and events in the regions; cartographic one dealt with assessing the spatial features of the regions; statistical one analyzed and compared the regions based on statistical data; the method of expert assessments allowed determining the richness of tourist resources of the regions and their areas of interaction in the field of tourism. Results and discussion. The possibilities of the Finno-Ugric regions are quite diverse. The key task for the development of tourism in the regions and their effective promotion in the tourist markets is to create branded tourist routes. Their development allows you to solve the strategic task of including significant regional display objects in interregional routes. Conclusion. The development of Finno-Ugric regions can be more effective due to the formation of a positive tourist image of the Finno-Ugric territories as an independent tourist areas within Russia and beyond.

Comparative analysis of tourism potential of the Finno-Ugric republics: Mordovia and Mari El

Introduction. Today, much attention is paid to the study and effectiveness of the tourism potential of the territory. Such territories are regions having a common ethnic identity. In Russia, these are Finno-Ugric federal entities. Geographically, they are separated from each other, but the development of joint tourism products is a doable task. The closest Finno-Ugric region to the Republic of Mordovia is the Republic of Mari El. The object of the study is the tourism potential of the Republic of Mordovia and the Republic of Mari El. The aim of the study is to compare the potential tourism potential of these two Finno-Ugric regions of Russia for the development of tourism. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of research published by the academics of National Research Mordovia State University, within the framework of the priority research trach “Fundamental and applied research in the field of Finno-Ugric Studies”. The authors applied the following research methods: comparative geographical, statistical, cartographic, analysis and synthesis, generalization, expert estimates, observations, etc. Results and Discussion. The Republics have an interesting rich cultural and historical potential, on the basis of which tourist routes have been developed both in the capitals and countryside of the region. The tourism potential allows the development of cognitive, cultural, historical, sports, religious, event tourism, etc. The key task for its development in the regions and the effective promotion of the latter in the tourist markets is the creation of a branded or basic route that can serve as the basis for the formation of various tours. The development of such routes allows us to solve the strategic problem of including significant objects showing the region in inter-regional routes. Conclusion. Based on the study and comparative analysis of the tourism potential of the two Finno-Ugric regions, their opportunities for joint tourism activities are evaluated. One of the joint projects could be the development of an inter-regional tourist route that promotes the promotion of Finno-Ugric regions in the tourist market of Russia.

Estrada de Rodagem São Paulo-Belo Horizonte: fluxos que constroem um novo tempo social em “A volta do Marido Pródigo” de Guimarães Rosa

Ao longo do período de colonização e até o início do século XX na região das minas no Brasil, houve uma dupla articulação de fluxos, que gerou especificidades na organização econômica e social: a ligação com as vias inter-regionais movimentou uma economia exportadora, enquanto, na região, organizou-se uma economia de abastecimento, por meio de uma rede de caminhos regionais e vicinais. O conto de Guimarães Rosa descreve o momento da transição, no qual esta estrutura duplamente articulada estava prestes a ser rompida: a construção da estrada entre São Paulo e Belo Horizonte significa, não apenas a ligação entre os dois importantes centros, mas anuncia, por onde passa, uma transformação no sertão e sua incorporação aos fluxos inter e extra regionais, dentro de uma dinâmica de globalização.

Методические подходы к исследованию состояния туристской маршрутной сети (на примере Приволжского федерального округа)

The article presents the research results of the tourist route network Privolzhsky Federal District. Research was conducted according to the following stages: identification of possible basic properties of tourist routes (in the following blocks: requisites, consumers, the periodicity of functioning and limits, means and ways of movement, food and accommodation services, staff, cost parameters, notes and other information); the development forms of passports route (consisting of 61 questions); collecting information from open sources and by sending the completed form to the regional specialized executive authorities; data processing; development of a database of tourist routes; identifying the current situation; findings. The information about 360 tourist routes was collected. Research results show predominance of intraregional routes in Privolzhsky Federal District, interregional routes perform the functions of integration between the tourism sectors of the economy of covered regions. Almost 2/3 of the network was formed in 2010s, by thematic most part - it is informative, educational, sporting and environmental roots. Half of the routes are not targeted on specific customers, most of the rest is focused on school children and young people. Routes of small extent and duration are dominated in regions of districts, the seasonality of routes functioning not strongly expressed, usually this is the months from May to September. Weak use the services of accommodation and food is observed. The transport of tourist companies is primarily used, nevertheless a significant role performs rented vehicles. The level of comfort of used transport is characterized as high and medium. 90% of the network is functioning on a permanent basis and is well elaborated. Price per one day of program of tourist routes in 2/3 of the cases is up to 1000 rubles, and 1/5 - from 5 to 10 thousand rubles. Thus, there is a predominance of short-term and excursion tourist routes with rigorous curriculum, with a low involvement of the tourist infrastructure, which reduces the efficiency of the positive impact of tourist activities on the receiving territory.

Методика исследования и состояние туристской маршрутной сети России

The article presents the results of a study of the tourist route network of the Russian Federation, which was first carried out in such a large scale. At the initial stage of the research methodology was developed, which became the basis for a comprehensive review of the properties of the destinations of 11 units: basic details, consumers, the frequency of operation and limits of the means and methods of transportation, food and accommodation services, personnel, cost parameters, notes and other information. On the basis of the questionnaire was developed (consisting of 61 questions), which was sent to the regional tourist offices. From completed questionnaires information on tourist routes was reduced in a single database in the context of the federal subjects and the federal districts. Information on inter-regional routes was collected and processed separately. All information was collected for six thousand tourist routes. Separately, was developed and tested form of gathering information on tourist routes through the Internet portal "Tiving Map".
 
 The results show that in the Russian Federation a marked predominance of intraregional routes. Inter-regional routes, despite their small amount, perform important functions of the integration of tourism potential of the area and are the basis for the deepening of these processes. Most developed route network is in the Central Federal District, the least one is in the North Caucasus. Most of the network formed in the 2010s. According to the subject areas are dominated by cognitive, educational, environmental and sport routes. In working with the customer from the tourist firms observed is weak segmentation, and the only class that acts as a support, is students ofschooh, universities and other institutions. In Russia there is a dominance of short-haul routes and those lasting one or two days, seasonality is a characteristic for only 19% of routes. There is an extremely low utilization of services in food and especially in accommodation, thereby greatly reducing the effectiveness of the impact of tourism activities on territories.

The Har Hemar Site: A Northern Outpost on the Desert Margin?

Archaeological fieldwork in the southern Judean Desert has traced an Early Bronze Age ascent and a control site—Har Hemar—situated next to it. The ceramic finds included quantities of northern wares such as North Canaanite Metallic Ware (NCMW) and Khirbet Kerak Ware (KKW). The paper describes the ascent and the site of Har Hemar, and suggests dating their operation to 2800–2700 ± 50 BCE. It proposes that the NCMW represents remains of trade items discarded along the interregional route using the ascent, while the KKW was used mainly by the road controllers residing at Har Hemar. The paper proposes that the latter were foreigners hired by local authorities to guard the road, i.e., an early type of mercenary, and identifies them as KKW-bearing people.

Greek domestic air transport–industry and policy developments From post-World War II to post-liberalization

The aim of this paper was to examine the developments in the Greek domestic air transport market which have most recently been affected by the liberalization process in the EU towards the single aviation market. Liberalization of the Greek domestic market was profound, ending 35 years of Olympic Airways complete monopoly on all air transport activities. Developments include new privately owned airlines, inter-regional routes, lower fares in real terms on routes with competition, innovation, improved services and wider consumer choice. Increased competition stimulated demand in the domestic market that reached record levels achieved in the mid-1980s. Market consolidation started in late 1999.