Interpretation Of Processes Research Articles

2 - Corruption and Human Rights: Positioning Judicial Activism as an Anticorruption Strategy in Kenya

This article locates the conceptual foundations of corruption and human rights by examining the normative and definitional challenges of these terms. By focusing on socioeconomic rights and the principle of equality in access to public services, the paper demonstrates the implications of corruption for the realisation of human rights. It then examines how the thin and thick conceptions of the rule of law interact with corruption. The article further explores legal corruption and the mechanisms by which graft corrupts the law-making process and compromises the rule of law. At the same time, the paper studies the role of judicial activism in fighting institutionalised and legal corruption in Kenya. In conclusion, it maintains that public interest and human rights considerations should be central to the law-making and interpretation processes. To effectively deal with corruption, activist judges should pursue the ends of justice rather than the law in the case of conflict between the two.

Ghost Hunting Events and Storytelling

Ghost hunting events are a popular leisure activity providing visitors with an immersive dark experience, connecting them with the dark heritage and supernatural legends of a place. This research note aims to conceptualize the role of storytelling in the promotion, production, and participatory aspects of ghost hunting events. In doing so, the article argues that ghost hunting events draw upon coproductive and experiential forms of storytelling, and proposes a cyclical model to illustrate an ongoing, iterative process of narrative construction. As this research note suggests, preexisting narratives framed by the dark history and supernatural legends of a place help to frame promotional discourse and the production of events. However, extraordinary personal experiences, mediumistic intuition, and the collective interpretation of unusual activity shape and transform existing narratives. As such, this research note concludes that ghost hunting events are shaped by, and shape, storytelling through interactive and interpretative processes.

ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЯ КАК МЕТОД ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В АРХИТЕКТУРНОМ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИИ

The architectural community, observing the negative consequences of its technocratic aspirations, reflexively comes to confusion. Architectural work is infected with search, languishes with a thirst for understanding the pressing problems of architecture, its humanistic purpose, the ability to embody and express thoughts and feelings in its inherent language, which only man, the creator and the organic component of the polysyllabic world of architecture is capable of. As a consequence, there is an interested penetration into his ideological, figurative, linguistic mysteries, involving a wide range of anthropological views. Interpretation of signs should be understood as an active process gradually approaching resolution. Various factors can influence this process: for example, contextual conditions, basic knowledge, empirical knowledge or learned practices should be mentioned. Nelson Goodman's approach has proved particularly fruitful for comparative research. Unlike the well-known previous models, Goodman can relate various sign systems to each other, since he works with a single basis, and not with special typologies. The dilemma of interpreting an architectural work without use, apparently, can only be solved by using a higher context of hidden applications that qualify an unused building as a work of architecture. Consequently, hidden contexts of use are found in areas defined by human existence. Interpretations represent only a small part of a large spectrum of the use of signs. The use of signs ranges from invention, discovery and creation through purposeful interpretation processes to everyday use. Understanding manifests itself as a continuous process, in a constant desire to master and penetrate the world, find your way and act. The results of these processes, which are a fleeting excerpt from an ongoing process, can be described as knowledge. This knowledge is now available for further attempts at understanding — provided that it is cultivated and preserved. It also explains how knowledge is lost. If there is no cognitive ability to understand, any written sign systems remain an accumulation of data or information.

Ways of integrating eating into everyday lives – a qualitative study in Germany

BackgroundFood-related behaviour is a very complex topic. A common way to reduce complex issues to their essential content is to create a typology. In Germany, with regard to food-related behaviour, the creation of a typology has often been carried out by commercial research institutes, but also by (international) scientific institutes. The former have mostly used quantitative methods, the latter usually have a specific content focus. Within this study, we want to investigate how people integrate eating into their everyday lives while engaging with themselves and the environment, thereby living out personality development and related socialisation.Methods37 qualitative interviews were conducted and evaluated by means of content-structuring qualitative analysis and type-forming qualitative content analysis. Interviewees were recruited via recruitment calls using different channels, such as newspapers or university e-mail lists. Participants over the age of seventeen were eligible to take part in the study. Both the individual action processes and the interpretation processes regarding food-related behaviour were taken into account. The final sample consisted of 20 male and 18 female participants with an age range from 18 to 83.ResultsThe result were seven eating action types, namely: Eating as a way of life, The Relaxed, Eating as self-determination, Eating as a necessary Evil, The Adaptive, The Overstrained and The Controlled.ConclusionsWe contribute to the study of food-related behaviour with the chosen qualitative method of type-building and by looking at how people integrate eating into their everyday lives. This contributes to a broader understanding of this phenomenon and complements the findings of existing commercial and academic food-related typing-building activities. Specifically, through identifying “The Overstrained” as a novel eating action type, this study adds to the literature in the field and may be a useful baseline for future research.

Shaping the Professionality of Secondary Teacher Candidates with Diverse Backgrounds during the Great Depression

AbstractThis paper addresses the social transformation of the Hungarian secondary teacher candidates brought about by the combination of the effects of the Great Depression and the standardisation endeavours of the teacher training institution between 1930 and 1935. The reconfiguration of the social composition of candidates is revealed by making use of archival sources and statistical reports. Document analysis of archival sources, descriptive statistical analysis and secondary literature review are employed as the main methods. Notions related to the critical approach of professionalisation theories are applied in the interpretation process. Results suggest that the professional institution did not only prevent less affluent social strata from dropping out of training but contributed to their disappearance by introducing standardisation initiatives when the crisis was imminent. It contributed to the worsening of the teacher shortage and the abandonment of uniformization that set the whole profession on a deprofessionalisation course.

Social Media and Public Sphere Jawa Tengah Province: Case Study @humasjateng

This study aims to find out and analyze the role of the Central Java Government as a public media sphere of society through social media accounts on Twitter by focusing on the intensity of interaction between user’s accounts. The research method used is qualitative. In terms of data analysis, the author uses Nvivo 12 Plus software for the process of interpretation and presentation of data. The results showed that the interaction of Twitter accounts @humasjateng decreased monthly due to the government's focus on handling the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the interaction built by the Central Java Government with users are quite intense and interactive.

Evolutionary sensemaking: a managerial metacognitive dynamic capability to reduce information asymmetry

PurposeHow can managers reduce information asymmetry in dyadic manager-external stakeholder relationships in a complex and evolving environment? Addressing this question has significant implications for firm survival, growth, and competitive advantage.Design/methodology/approachWe have adopted a multiparadigm approach to theory building, known as metatriangulation. We integrate the dynamic capabilities, sensemaking, and evolutionary theory literatures to theorize how managers can relate to stakeholders in a complex and evolving environment.FindingsWe propose, via a conceptual framework and three propositions, “evolutionary sensemaking” as the managerial metacognitive dynamic capability that helps managers hone their understanding based on the evolutionary changes in the stakeholder’s interpretations of information quality preferences. The framework unfolds across three evolutionary stages: sensing preferences' variation of the stakeholder, seizing preferences, and transforming for complexity alignment and retention. The propositions focus on managing complexity in stakeholder information quality preference, employing cognitive capabilities to simplify, interpret, and align interpretations for effective information asymmetry reduction.Practical implicationsTo develop the metacognitive dynamic capability of evolutionary sensemaking, managers need to train for and foster the underlying complex cognitive capabilities by enhancing their (1) perception and attention skills, (2) problem-solving and reasoning skills, and (3) language, communication, and social cognition skills, focusing specifically on reducing the complexity embedded in stakeholder cognition and diverse stakeholder preferences for information quality. Contrary to the current advice to “keep things simple” and provide “more” information to the stakeholders for opportunism reduction, trust-building, and superior governance, our framework suggests that managers hone their cognitive capabilities by learning to deal with the underlying complexity.Originality/valueThe proposed framework and propositions address research gaps in reducing information asymmetry. It enriches the dynamic capabilities literature by recognizing complexity (as opposed to opportunism) as an alternative source of information asymmetry, which needs to be addressed in this stream of research. It extends the sensemaking literature by identifying the complexity sources – i.e. stakeholder preferences for diverse information quality attributes and the associated cognitive preference interpretation processes. The article enhances evolutionary theory by delving into microprocesses related to information asymmetry reduction, which the existing literature does not thoroughly investigate.

Politics and Pluralism: Analyzing State Official Tafsir and Interfaith Discourse in Indonesia

This research aims to explore the Tafsir produced by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, specifically focusing on the potential politicization of the Qur’an, particularly in the narrative of inter-religious relationships in Indonesia. The study underscores the crucial role of Tafsir in shaping societal perceptions of religious pluralism in the country. In this context, a significant question arises concerning the extent to which the interpretations generated through the state's political mechanisms contribute to the discourse on religious pluralism. To address this inquiry, the critical discourse analysis approach by Norman Fairclough is employed, encompassing three dimensions: text analysis, discursive practices, and social practices. The analysis focuses on the Tafsir produced in 1980 by the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs titled "Al-Qur’an dan Tafsirnya." The research reveals that the narrative regarding inter-religious relationships in Indonesia within the official Tafsir is not solely connected to the state's role through the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Indonesia. It is also influenced by various factors such as the socio-religious context and the role of Mufassir (mufasir). This situation is reflected through three patterns of state affirmation: Affirmative-Accommodative, Affirmative-Permissive, and Affirmative-Disruptive. The substantial contribution of this research lies in enhancing the understanding of the intricate relationship between religious exegesis, state politics, and radicalism in Indonesia. This opens avenues for further reflection and debate in scholarly literature, particularly regarding the impact of state involvement in the Qur’an interpretation process on the narrative of inter-religious relationships in Indonesia.

Policy action points and approaches to promote fertility care in The Gambia: Findings from a mixed-methods study.

In the Global South, (in)fertility care is scarcely recognized as a priority, yet the government of The Gambia has recently included it as one of the key priorities in its reproductive health strategic plan. This inclusion appears to be the result of years of engagement between policy actors, academic researchers, and activists in the field of reproductive health and specifically of infertility. However, the operationalization of the strategic plan may be hampered by multiple factors. The research aims to identify and analyze challenges that may impede the effective implementation of the strategic plan, thereby providing policy action points and practical guidance into the operationalization of (in)fertility care in the context of The Gambia's health system. This is a mixed-methods study with data from a survey and semi-structured interviews collected between 2020 and 2021 in The Gambia that were separately published. In this paper, we present the triangulation of quantitative and qualitative data using a convergence coding matrix to identify relevant policy action points. Six fertility care policy action points, driven by data, arose from the triangulation and interpretation process, specifically: (i) establishing and maintaining political commitment and national priority for fertility care; (ii) creating awareness and increasing the involvement of men in SRH and fertility; (iii) ensuring data-driven health policymaking; (iv) offering and regulating affordable IVF alternatives; (v) improving knowledge of and means for fertility care provision; and (vi) enhancing the collaboration among stakeholders and building links with the private healthcare sector. This study found the implementation of the fertility care-related activities in the reproductive health strategic plan may face challenges that require careful mitigation through a holistic approach. Such an approach conceptualizes infertility not just as a biomedical issue but as a broader one that incorporates educational and socio-emotional aspects, including male and (not only) female involvement in sexual and reproductive health. Moreover, it is supported by a comprehensive health management information system that includes capturing data on the demand for, and access to, infertility services in The Gambia health system.

The Hermeneutics of Qur’anic Translation into Sign Language: A Study of Inclusive Pedagogy by the Qur'an Indonesia Project

This study investigates the implementation of inclusive Qur’anic pedagogy by the Qur'an Indonesia Project (QIP), with a focus on its Sign Language translation initiative and inclusive teaching methods. QIP, in collaboration with The Little Hijabi Home Schooling, has launched QuranIDprojectISYARAT, a digital-based endeavor aiming to improve access to the Qur’an and its translations, especially for individuals with disabilities. The QuranIDProjectISYARAT program, developed by QIP, targets the deaf community and provides Qur’anic education through platforms like Instagram and YouTube, utilizing audio, visuals, and Sign Language demonstrations. While QIP utilizes Arabic Sign Language for Qur’an translation, their interpretive process prioritizes understanding Qur’anic meanings over morphemes. This study delves into QIP's Qur’an translation process and inclusive teaching practices, particularly focusing on the experiences of deaf or hearing-impaired individuals. By employing a netnography approach and conducting interviews with QIP's YouTube viewers, the research investigates interactions within QIP's online platforms and gathers insights into viewers' perspectives. The findings suggest that QIP's Qur’an translation incorporates Arabic Sign Language and volunteers' interpretations or improvisations of verses, fostering comprehension and a sense of inclusion among learners in their online Qur’anic education initiatives.

Translating artworks

Abstract This contribution, which sits at the intersection of translation studies and museum studies (MS), seeks to explore multiple forms of interpretation developed by museums, whereby interpretation is considered, from an MS perspective, as a variety of museum aids creating a context and conveying mediated meanings about the objects on display. The focus is on individual interpretative texts produced by an Italian art gallery, the Pinacoteca di Brera, as the results of various interpretation processes about the same piece of art: the traditional label, the online description, the general audio guide, and the audio description for the blind and the visually impaired (the latter comprising both the visual description itself and the art historical description). A selection of texts in Italian and their translations into English describing four artworks from the museum collection are compared in a bid to shed light on the distinct layers of interpretation and ways of translating and representing the objects for different expected audiences through intralingual, interlingual, and intersemiotic translation practices.

Role of Symbolism in Reader Understanding and Interpretation in Nigeria

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the role of symbolism in reader understanding and interpretation in Nigeria. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The role of symbolism in reader understanding and interpretation is profound, as symbols serve as powerful tools for conveying deeper meanings and themes within literary works. Through symbolism, authors imbue objects, characters, and events with additional layers of significance, allowing readers to engage with the text on multiple levels. Symbolism facilitates the exploration of complex ideas, emotions, and societal issues, often transcending language barriers and resonating with diverse audiences. Moreover, it encourages readers to actively participate in the interpretation process, fostering personal connections and insights that enrich their reading experiences. Consequently, the study of symbolism underscores its crucial role in shaping reader comprehension and interpretation, highlighting its capacity to evoke profound reflections on the human condition and the world around us. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Reader-response theory, semiotic theory and cognitive theory of metaphor may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the role of symbolism in reader understanding and interpretation in Nigeria. Educators should implement evidence-based instructional strategies for teaching symbolism in educational settings, including guided discussion, close reading, and scaffolded instruction. Educational policymakers should consider integrating symbolism into curriculum standards and assessments to ensure that students develop symbolic literacy skills alongside other critical reading competencies.

Perspectivism and Health Professions Assessment.

This article aims to outline perspectivism and perspectival thinking by drawing on established scholarship from the philosophy of science and to demonstrate its relevance to health professions education. Perspectivism embraces the notion that knowledge always inherently arises from particular perspectives. "Truth" always depends on an evaluative background. Perspectivism is a form of epistemic humility that sees epistemic claims (relating to knowledge) as fundamentally historically and contextually situated. This article contends that perspectivism is a fruitful and relevant lens to apply to health professions assessment. It is a way of thinking that is all around us, even if we do not realize it. It extends discourse around the value of subjectivity in assessment and may cut through many prevailing debates on assessment practice. Perspectivism is a sort of middle-ground that is not meant to be another idea or "-ism" to add to a list of ideas, but constitutes a shift in how philosophy can be applied by adopting a broader, more holistic perspective. Applying a perspectival lens to health professions education embraces the imperative to make interpretive processes in assessment philosophically explicit. This opens the possibility of adopting multiple philosophical stances concurrently and allows actors to appreciate different methodological viewpoints with more charity. This scholarly perspective encourages the assessment community to continue to innovate through an appreciation of the importance of a wide range of assessment perspectives by uncovering the drivers of specific commitments to philosophical positions. Although the focus is on assessment in the health professions, perspectival thinking has the potential to advance medical education discourse and practice more generally beyond assessment. The hope with this essay is that by encouraging more critical reflection, this description of perspectival thinking will further aid researchers and practitioners in health professions education to better understand what is happening philosophically with more frequency.

Comparison of three machine learning algorithms for classification of B-cell neoplasms using clinical flow cytometry data.

Multiparameter flow cytometry data is visually inspected by expert personnel as part of standard clinical disease diagnosis practice. This is a demanding and costly process, and recent research has demonstrated that it is possible to utilize artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to assist in the interpretive process. Here we report our examination of three previously published machine learning methods for classification of flow cytometry data and apply these to a B-cell neoplasm dataset to obtain predicted disease subtypes. Each of the examined methods classifies samples according to specific disease categories using ungated flow cytometry data. We compare and contrast the three algorithms with respect to their architectures, and we report the multiclass classification accuracies and relative required computation times. Despite different architectures, two of the methods, flowCat and EnsembleCNN, had similarly good accuracies with relatively fast computational times. We note a speed advantage for EnsembleCNN, particularly in the case of addition of training data and retraining of the classifier.

Novel Metaphor Recognition, Interpretation and Construction: Barriers Face Kurds as Non-native English Speakers

This study which is titled ‘Novel Metaphor Recognition and Interpretation: Barriers Face Kurds as Non-native English speakers’ considers the recognition and the interpretation process difficulty of English novel metaphors. Novel metaphor is one of the most problematic types of metaphor in which its creation, recognition and interpretation usually require a higher level of efficiency. This sort of metaphor is highly connected with personal established conceptual systems which probably cause misunderstanding among interactants: native and non-native ones. This study aims at identifying novel metaphor, determining the nature of problems that Kurds as non-native English speakers face in recognizing novel metaphors in English. Thus, it would be helpful for both non-native English learners and speakers to improve their English comprehension and construction competence. The current study makes use of both quantitative and qualitative approach in the process of data analysis; and it has come up with the conclusion that the insufficiency in English communicative language competence, cognitive analysis proficiency, and background knowledge are three main problems in the process of recognizing and interpreting novel metaphors.

Mobilizing Metaphors in Criminological Analysis: A Case Study of Emotions in the Penal Voluntary Sector

Abstract Metaphors pervade media and political constructions of crime and justice, provoking responses and shaping actions. Scholarship in adjacent disciplines illustrates that emotion-metaphors offer unique insight into emotional and interpretive processes, valuably illuminating sense-making, problem solving and action. Yet, metaphors are rarely analysed within criminology, leaving an important opportunity for theorizing emotions and their implications largely unrealized. We explore the analytical and theoretical potential of emotion-metaphors for criminology, using empirical research conducted in the penal voluntary sectors of England and Scotland. Drawing on focus groups with volunteers and paid staff, we analyse the metaphors that non-profit practitioners mobilized to convey how their work felt: (1) absurd and unstable, (2) vulnerable and constrained, (3) devalued and discarded and (4) risky and all-consuming.

Political Attitude of the 212 Alumni towards Muhaimin Iskandar as a Candidate for Vice Presidentiality of Anies Baswedan

The General Election is an event where the public can choose their leaders openly and compete between the three presidential candidates, namely Lt. Gen. TNI (Ret.) H. Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo, H. Ganjar Pranowo, S.H., M.I.P., and H. Anies Rasyid Baswedan, S.E., M.P.P., Ph.D. The third candidate certainly has their strategy for selecting a vice presidential candidate and how to campaign. Anies Rasyid Baswedan and Muhaimin Iskandar, as candidate pair number 1, experienced many challenges in getting public support. This research aims to explore the political attitudes of the Persaudaraan Alumni 212 community organization using interpretative qualitative methods to understand social phenomena through Bryman's interpretation process. Meanwhile, to find out the extent of the truth of the research, the author uses qualitative data analysis techniques starting from data collection and data analysis, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of the research show that, on average, the administrators and members of the Persaudaraan Alumni 212 showed cognitive, affective and conative components regarding Muhaimin Iskandar's candidacy as Anies' vice-presidential candidate, who then ultimately accepted candidate number 1 because of the mental that resulted from joint deliberations and produced Itjima Ulama.

Personal Storyworlds

By combining perspectives from transmedial narratology and musicology, this article explores how the notion of a “personal storyworld” can offer new opportunities for understanding the transmedial processes whereby pop artists’ personas are continually (re-)constructed and (re-)negotiated through and across myriad points of contact between artists and audiences. Emphasis is placed on the performative potential of audiovisual aesthetics and public posturing, on the one hand, and on audiences’ interpretive flexibility, on the other. These related themes are addressed through a case study of an artist who aptly exemplifies the continual transfiguration of pop personas, namely Justin Bieber. The main part of the case study concerns how Bieber’s sixth studio album, Justice (2021), and associated material (music videos, live performances, interviews, promotional material, social media posts) related to and formed part of his broader personal storyworld. This sets up an exploration of how the dynamics between retrospection and reinvention shape the reframing of personas, which raises a series of questions concerning the dialectic between continuity and change, artist-audience dynamics, and transmedial processes of interpretation.

EVALUATION OF THE CARBON FOOTPRINT IN THE TREATMENT OF URBAN WASTEWATER IN THE CANARY ISLANDS (SPAIN)

ABSTRACT: Wastewater treatment plants play an important role within the urban water cycle to prevent the natural water environment and human health from being negatively affected by human activities. However, wastewater treatment processes, such as effluent discharge and indirect emissions resulting from energy or chemical production, also negatively affect the environment. Footprints have been used to track human influence on the environment in different areas of interest and have been applied to assess the sustainability of wastewater treatment plants. In this article, a comprehensive review of footprint assessment was investigated to evaluate the wastewater treatment process in wastewater treatment plants. The review showed that carbon footprinting was used to assess the sustainability of WWTPs, and that other footprint assessment applications (such as nitrogen and phosphorus footprinting) were also introduced to assess eutrophication of water bodies. To promote the application of footprint assessment, this article regulates the study objectives, frameworks, system boundaries, data processing methods, and the resulting interpretation process. The pros and cons of the footprint assessments were discussed and investigated in detail, examining the CO2 production on each island of the Canary archipelago, and several suggestions were proposed to improve the footprint assessments. Analysis of footprint assessments at different wastewater treatment plants revealed that wastewater treatment technologies and scales had a significant impact on footprints. Furthermore, research hotspots identified using a keyword network diagram showed that the water-carbon-energy nexus was a promising direction for future studies. The purpose of the study is to improve the reduction of the carbon footprint both at the level of direct and indirect emissions factors using new tools and methodologies. Key Words: Footprint; Waste water; Canary Islands

Positive Health in University Teaching - a Field Report

Health is more than the absence of illness. Health and illness co-exist dynamically interwoven in the life process. Health is (also) the result of a process of experience and interpretation and is, therefore, individual. In a multi-stage survey with patients and practitioners, the Dutch general practitioner Dr Machtelt Huber identified the dimensions of meaning, mental well-being, social participation, coping with everyday life and quality of life, which must be considered in addition to physical functioning and are each weighted differently