Logical Interpretation Research Articles

Economic Development Planning in Medan City

Economic development in an area must go through several plans and targets both long term and short term. The process leading to the realization of some of these targets is useful for conditioning the capacity for increasing the economy of the community. One of the characteristics of society that has gone hand in hand with economic development is marked by the widespread use of technology and changes in a more positive direction from the mindset of the people to institutional institutions. The research method used as an analytical tool in this study is a descriptive type with the aim of obtaining a projected representation of a participation and procedural regulatory mechanism in the community during the process of preparing the RPJMD in Medan City from 2010 to 2025. The analytical steps used are secondary data or data. supporting information in the form of a collection of information regarding the results of interviews with respondents as well as providing an appropriate presentation with an explanation of the matrix accompanied by the presentation that has been displayed by the researcher. The variety of informants or respondents used as a collection of information in this study involved various elements such as social organizations, elements from the Medan city government to academics under the auspices of universities to the mass media and the main element is the Medan City DPRD. The process of compiling the results of this research is oriented towards a question and answer process or interviews by applying qualitative analysis steps with the aim of criticizing various phenomena in the process of preparing reports and investigating phenomena regarding the research topic. The continuation of the process is a data analysis technique using logical interpretation supported by previously collected data. The results of this study are that in development planning, Medan City has a challenge by having to handle an area of 265.10 km2, with an estimated population density of 9,836.56 people/km2 in 2025. This population increase can be an obstacle in handling development planning., however This is also an opportunity if the government can take advantage of this population increase. For population growth itself in 2025 there will be a decline, which in 2020 is expected to grow by 1.03 to 0.94% in 2025.

Přechod smluvních závazků při převodu závodu

This paper aims to research the mandatory transfer of contractual obligations under the institute of the transfer of enterprise (or its part) under the Czech law. The transfer of business enterprises was reintroduced in the Czech law in more than 30 years ago, however to this day, the case law has not been united regarding the transfer of contractual rights and obligations. The author tries to conduct research by solving two case studies relating to the statutory guarantee of the transferor for the transferred debts. The first case study relates to the question, whether the transferor guarantees fulfilment of debts under specified framework agreements, provided the creditor has not consented to the transfer of the enterprise. In case of first study, the author succeeded to find solution under the current case law of the Czech Supreme Court. The aim of the second case study is to answer the question of “shared agreements” in case of the transfer of part of business enterprise, in particular whether there are any principles of determination which rights and obligations under shared agreement are subject of the transfer. According to the Czech Civil Code, the same principles as in case of the transfer of a whole enterprise should also be applied to the transfer of part of an enterprise, however there is no statutory nor doctrinal support on how to proceed in case of shared agreements. Although the current doctrine and case law provide no specific principles regarding which rights and obligations are transferred along with the part enterprise, the author provides an approach based on logical and teleological interpretation of the principles of enterprise transfer. The most preferred variant is to split the respective contractual rights and obligations, and if not possible, the rights and obligations should follow the legal fate of the part of enterprise to which they relate more closely.

Tafsir Nusantara: Karakteristik Pemikiran Syekh Nawawi al-Bantanī dalam Tafsir Marāḥ Labīd

This article aims to look at Shaikh Nawawī al-Bantanī's view in his tafsīr Marāḥ Labīd as a form of his magnum opus among his other works. This article uses a literature review with a content analytical approach to Tafsīr Marāḥ Labīd and other suitable secondary sources to obtain views and facts as well as an analysis of its contents. This article finds that Nawawī al-Bantanī's interpretation of Tafsir Marāḥ Labīd in the socio-historical-political context during the Dutch colonial period made al-Bantanī pay full attention to the problems of the community and nationality. The context of writing Marāḥ Labīd's tafsīr still has quite a strong relevance to the present day, especially in the transformation of values ​​and methods. This article also finds that Marāḥ Labīd's interpretation has the characteristics of language interpretation (linguistics), socio-historical (asbāb al-nuzūl), fiqh, culture, and logical interpretation. It is marked by a holistic-interdisciplinary interpretation of Surah Al-Fatihah which contains three central religious teachings, which include faith, Sufism/morals, and Shari'a. Although Marāḥ Labīd cites many references to classical interpretations, he also provides contextual analysis that relates to his era. From Marāḥ Labīd it was also concluded that al-Bantanī's struggle was not limited to the physical but also through academic transmission.

Table interpretation of the temporal description logic LTLALC

Description logics are widely used to describe and represent knowledge in the Semantic Web. This is a modern and powerful mechanism that provides the possibility of extracting knowledge from already existing ones. Thanks to this, conceptual of subject areas modeling has become one of the fields of application of descriptive logics, taking into account the use of inference mechanisms. Conceptual modeling is used to create databases and knowledge bases. A key issue of the subject area modeling is the ability to monitor the dynamics of changes in the state of the subject area over time. It is necessary to describe not only the current actual state of the database (knowledge bases), but also the background. Temporal descriptive logics are used to solve this problem. They have the same set of algorithmic problems that are presented in conventional descriptive logics, but to them are added questions related to the description of knowledge in time. This refers to the form of time (continuous or discrete), time structure (moments of time, intervals, chains of intervals), time linearity (linear or branched), domain (present, past, future), the concept of “now”, the method of measurement, etc. An urgent task today is to create an algorithm for the temporal interpretation of conventional descriptive logics. That is, to show a way in which temporal descriptive logic can be applied to ordinary descriptive logic. The paper presents an algorithm for temporal interpretation of LTL into ALC. Linear, unbranched time is chosen for the description goal. It is presented in the form of a whole temporal axis with a given linear order on it. Only the future tense is considered. The algorithm contains graphic notations of LTL application in ALC: concepts, concept constructors, roles, role constructors, TBox and ABox. Numerous examples are used to illustrate the application of the algorithm.

Classification of special investigative measures

Issues relating to the classification of special investigative measures are of substantial importance to the theory and practice of special investigative work. The specialized literature records certain attempts regarding the arrangement of special investigative measures by categories and groups based on different grounds, but, in total, the issues related to the classification of special investigative measures have been insufficiently studied in the theory of special investigative activity, from which consideration they follow to be subjected to substantial scientific research. Likewise, the operative-investigative doctrine does not highlight a certain opinion regarding the classification of special investigative measures. This happens because the special investigative measures have an extremely diversified character, they are varied, as a result of which each specialist in the field comes up with his own classification, trying to justify it based on his own experience and knowledge that he considers relevant. The process of perfecting the notions and concepts specific to the special investigative activity must be based on logical operations, procedures and interpretations. They are of major importance for solving several questions and for carrying out various tasks of the science of special investigative activity and, first of all, for the materialization of its basic categories, to which the classification of special investigative measures is attributed. The circumstances in question determined the necessity and actuality of conducting a complex study of the classification of special investigative measures based on the analysis, interpretation and systematization of doctrinal opinions on this subject.

Geometric Model Checking of Continuous Space

Topological Spatial Model Checking is a recent paradigm where model checking techniques are developed for the topological interpretation of Modal Logic. The Spatial Logic of Closure Spaces, SLCS, extends Modal Logic with reachability connectives that, in turn, can be used for expressing interesting spatial properties, such as "being near to" or "being surrounded by". SLCS constitutes the kernel of a solid logical framework for reasoning about discrete space, such as graphs and digital images, interpreted as quasi discrete closure spaces. Following a recently developed geometric semantics of Modal Logic, we propose an interpretation of SLCS in continuous space, admitting a geometric spatial model checking procedure, by resorting to models based on polyhedra. Such representations of space are increasingly relevant in many domains of application, due to recent developments of 3D scanning and visualisation techniques that exploit mesh processing. We introduce PolyLogicA, a geometric spatial model checker for SLCS formulas on polyhedra and demonstrate feasibility of our approach on two 3D polyhedral models of realistic size. Finally, we introduce a geometric definition of bisimilarity, proving that it characterises logical equivalence.

Laura J. Hunt. Jesus Caesar: A Roman Reading of the Johannine Trial Narrative

Laura J. Hunt. <i>Jesus Caesar: A Roman Reading of the Johannine Trial Narrative</i>

Mapping Intercultural Communication Imperatives of Police-Public Interactions in Rural Spaces

This research note seeks to generate fruitful pathways to advance a new discourse on intercultural encounters between the police and individuals from multilingual communities in Australia’s increasingly diverse rural and regional settings. How might police officers better relate and communicate with groups of migrants whose language practices are complex, unpredictable and eschew the widely used logics of translation and interpretation? How might we encourage hope in our social communities that intercultural understanding between policing agencies and new migrants is key to co-creating peaceful and resilient rural communities? How might police communication protocols that assist in supporting the retention of migrants’ linguistic capabilities and funds of knowledges contribute to the wellbeing of regional communities? What would policing rural and regional communities look like if we were to centre sociolinguistic and intercultural imperatives? In this research note, we consider these questions in our search for the next steps in mapping police communication protocols that work for all in Australia’s rural and regional settings. The goal is to contribute new conceptual approaches we can use to foster partnerships and trusting relationships between the police and our increasingly diverse rural populations.

Governing dynamics and preferential binding of the AXH domain influence the aggregation pathway of Ataxin-1.

The present state of understanding the mechanism of Spinocerebellar Ataxia-1, a fatal neurodegenerative disease linked to the protein Ataxin-1 (ATXN1), is baffled by a set of self-contradictory, and hence, inconclusive observations. This fallacy poses a bottleneck to the effective designing of curable drugs as the field is currently missing the specific druggable site. To understand the fundamentals of pathogenesis, we tried to decipher the intricacies of the extremely complicated landscape by targeting the relevant species that supposedly dictate the structure-function paradigm. The atomic-level description and characterization of the dynamism of the systems reveal the existence of structural polymorphism in all the leading stakeholders of the overall system. The very existence of conformational heterogeneity in every species creates numerous possible combinations of favorable interactions because of the variability in segmental cross-talks and hence claims its role in the choice of routes between functional activity and dysfunctional disease-causing aggregation. Despite this emergent configurational diversity, there is a common mode of operative intermolecular forces that dictates the extent of stability of all the multimeric complexes due to the localized population of a specific type of residue. The present research proposes a dynamic switch mechanism between aggregability and functional activity, based on the logical interpretation of the estimated variables, which is practically dictated by the effective concentration of the interacting species involved in the cell.

A FUNCTIONAL APPROACH TO NATURAL LANGUAGE

This article does not aim to erase the border, rather vague, between natural and artificial languages, but to offer the researcher in the field of language analysis a useful tool for their logical generation and interpretation. After processing the available literature and setting the theoretical framework, a case study was conducted concerning the application of the functional approach in natural languages, and the obtained results indicate the following conclusion: The only difference between functional and natural language is that the condition of interrupting recursive calls may be external to the calling auto function in the case of natural language. Basically, once the message is understood or transmitted, it leaves the loop, this aspect being part of the communication protocol between people

LEARNING THE LANGUAGE OF SCRIPTURE: ORIGEN, WISDOM, AND THE LOGIC OF INTERPRETATION. ByMark RandallJames. Studies in Systematic Theology, 24. Leiden, The Netherlands and Boston, MA: Brill, 2021. Pp. xiv + 339. Paperback, $68.00.

Religious Studies ReviewVolume 48, Issue 3 p. 384-384 Short Reviews of Recent Publications: Theology LEARNING THE LANGUAGE OF SCRIPTURE: ORIGEN, WISDOM, AND THE LOGIC OF INTERPRETATION. By , James, Mark Randall. Studies in Systematic Theology, 24. Leiden, The Netherlands and Boston, MA: Brill, 2021. Pp. xiv + 339. Paperback, $68.00. First published: 16 November 2022 https://doi.org/10.1111/rsr.16017Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume48, Issue3September 2022Pages 384-384 RelatedInformation

Reading Readers Reading: A Brief Reply to my Interlocutors

Reading Readers Reading: A Brief Reply to my Interlocutors

Like a shark in the ocean: the semiotics of extreme precarity in Joshua Tree rock climbing

Abstract During the mid-1970s the extraordinarily dangerous style of free solo climbing (climbing without protection) emerged in the collective practice of a small community of “Stonemaster” climbers actively developing new climbing routes and the new “free” style of roped climbing in what is now Joshua Tree National Park, California. While its emergence might be interpreted as an affectively-driven, macho embodied social semiotic or ethnomotricity, in actuality the evolution of free soloing in the case of Stonemaster-era climbing at Joshua Tree may be more accurately understood as the logical consequence of an intensive regime of practice in which climbers developed a near absolute bodily familiarity with certain climbing routes. Eventually, the reasonableness of climbing with little and even no protection on a subset of these routes became self-evident and conventional. Free soloing, in the semiotic perspective of the later Peirce, manifested as a Normal Logical Interpretant in the Joshua Tree landscape. It embodied the living definition of self-controlled conduct, and the Symbols it cultivated testified persuasively to the growth of a creative corporeal intelligence actualizing near absolute degrees of free will.

Disputed interpretations and active strategies of resistance during an audit regulatory debate

PurposeThe paper aims to examine disputed interpretations of “key meanings” between the audit regulator and Big 4 firms during a highly contentious regulatory debate, showcasing their use of “strategies of resistance” to achieve their intended outcomes.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative analysis is performed of the discourse in a South African audit regulatory debate, set within the country's unique political and historical context. The analysis is informed by the theoretical construct of a “regulatory space” and an established typology of strategic responses to institutional pressures.FindingsThe study’s findings show how resistance to regulatory intentions from influential actors, notably the Big 4 firms, was dispelled. This was achieved by the regulator securing oversight independence, co-opting political support, shortening the debate timeline and unilaterally revising the interpretation of its statutory mandate. The regulator successfully incorporated race equality into its interpretation of how the public interest is advanced (in addition to audit quality). The social legitimacy of the Big 4 was then further undermined. The debate was highly contentious and unproductive and likely contributed to overall societal concerns regarding the legitimacy of, and the value ascribed to, the audit function.Practical implicationsA deeper appreciation of vested interests and differing interpretations of key concepts and regulatory logic could help to promote a less combative regulatory environment, in the interest of enhanced audit quality and the sustainability and legitimacy of the audit profession.Originality/valueThe context provides an example, contrary to that observed in many jurisdictions, where the Big 4 fail to actively resist or even dilute significant regulatory reform. Furthermore, the findings indicate that traditional conceptions of what it means to serve “the public interest” may be evolving in favour of a more liberal social democratic interpretation.

On the Cultural Logic of Symbolic Interpretation: The Imagined Community of Singapura

On the Cultural Logic of Symbolic Interpretation: The Imagined Community of Singapura

TMT Heterogeneity in Breakthrough Innovation: The Role of Strategic Decision-making Logics

Breakthrough innovation can create new technological trajectories, new markets and even change the competitive landscape, which serves as the driving force of firms’ competitive advantages. Based on Upper Echelons Theory, we focus on how TMT heterogeneity affects breakthrough innovations, and examine how strategic decision-making logics (causation & effectuation) adopted by members of top management teams moderate the relationship between the TMT heterogeneity and breakthrough innovation. By using a sample consists of 227 respondents from China, we use linear hierarchical regression analysis to test the hypotheses on the TMT heterogeneity-innovation relationship. Our findings show that TMT heterogeneity has a positive impact on breakthrough innovation. Both causation and effectuation positively moderate the positive relationship between TMT heterogeneity and breakthrough innovation. In addition, compared with causation, effectuation has a stronger moderating effect on the relationship between TMT heterogeneity and breakthrough innovation. We follow and extend the interpretive logic of strategic decision-making underlined by Upper Echelons Theory in explaining the relationship between characteristics of top management teams and organizational outcomes. Combining perspectives of information processing and core competence, our work mainly reveals the relationship between TMT heterogeneity and innovation, and explore the contingency effect of decision-making logics (causation & effectuation) in that relationship. Our research conclusions help TMTs deeply understand the generation as well as its mechanism of breakthrough innovation, and provide new perspectives and guidelines for them to carry out breakthrough innovation as well.

ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF STATE REGULATION OF THE INVESTMENT ACTIVITY IN AGRICULTURE

The main task of the state investment strategy in the development of agriculture is to form an effective policy of state promotion of investment in the agricultural sector, which will increase the level of investment attractiveness of the farm sector. Given the study's relevance, the article aims to justify the feasibility of introducing an economic mechanism of state regulation of investment activities in agriculture by combining the levers of state regulation with financial instruments of banking institutions. The study's goals were solved using the following general scientific methods: synthesis and analysis, economic statistics, systematization, theoretical generalization, and abstraction. The information base was the work of domestic and foreign scientists, analysts, practitioners, and statistics of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. In the article, the authors propose a model of financing investment activities based on the principles of attracting private (bank) capital. The structural and logical interpretation of the state budget savings from the introduction of the recommended financial support model for agricultural producers' investment activities is given. Based on a sample of indicators for 2010-2020, a multi-factor regression model of the dependence of Ukraine's GDP in agriculture on the factors of development of investment activity in agriculture ("the volume of investment in agriculture" and "expenditures to support state regulators of the agricultural sector"). To check the quality of the constructed model, the multiple correlation coefficient (R-squared), the test for heteroskedasticity of model residues (t-statistics), and the probability of error P(t) were determined. The student's t-test was calculated to assess the statistical significance of the correlation coefficient, and Fisher's F-test was used to test the effectiveness of the regression model. The change of GDP of Ukraine in agriculture for 2021-2024 under the conditions of state regulation of parameters of investment development in agriculture is forecasted. The proposed economic mechanism and tools for implementing the main strategic guidelines for further development of investment activities in agriculture of Ukraine is a prerequisite for determining the aid to promote this process at the local level by local governments and civil society organizations.

Theory after Practice

Theory after Practice

The Basic Content and Interpretive Logic of Xunzi's and Petrarch's Views on Virtue

Xunzi was a famous thinker and statesman in ancient China, and one of the representative figures of Confucianism, who advocated the theory of the nature of evil, in opposition to Mencius' theory of the nature of good. He believed that all good and valuable things were the product of human effort. His ideas fully affirmed the value of human beings and the way they think, value and behave in their social environment. Petrarch founded the status of the humanist academic tradition and system of thought, establishing the humanities and enriching the doctrine of the human person. He advocated human nature and human dignity, fought for free will, attacked monastic asceticism and transformed the understanding of the relationship between divinity and man. Although they were in different historical times and had different life circumstances, yet they both attached equal importance to the shaping and cultivation of the concept of virtue and the pursuit of human self-transcendence. Using the literature review method and comparative analysis, it is possible to summarise the main statements on virtue in both Xunzi and Petrarch by reviewing their classic works. Further explore the differences between Xunzi's and Petrarch's views on the necessity of virtue and how it is acquired. The underlying logic in the construction of their views on virtue will be clarified in order to deepen the understanding of the times and social environment in which they lived and to fully explore the commonalities and differences between Chinese and Western cultures.

Explaining the Health-Related Factors Affecting the Institutionalization of Sports in Iranian Families

Introduction: The family is the first social institution and sport as a social phenomenon can be institutionalized in the shadow of this small unit. This study aims to explain the health-related factors affecting the institutionalization of sports in Iranian families.&#x0D; Methods: The present study seeks to discover the main and sub-main categories with interpretive paradigm and inductive logic with a qualitative approach. The interview used 7 open-ended and semi-structured questions for data collection tools. Experts participating in the study were selected by purposive and snowball sampling and the criterion for selecting experts was to have knowledge and awareness of the literature and the development of health-oriented sports in families. Immediately after each interview, data transcription and extraction were performed simultaneously. Finally, by reviewing the interviews, 21 categories were theoretically saturated in the interview and continued until interview 23. The data were analyzed by content analysis method and coding method.&#x0D; Results: In this study, 165 primary extracted codes in the form of 41 sub-main categories and 11 main categories were categorized. They included sports policy, financial support, infrastructure factors, prevention and health, women's sports development, civic sports, educational sports development, cultural attitude, health technology, enacting supportive and incentive laws, and management and planning.&#x0D; Conclusions: The results will help the country sport policy makers in order to establish a culture of prevention and maintain the physical and mental health of families. By national planning, sustainable development will be achieved in order to have healthy and effective people.