Interpretation Skills Research Articles

Simulation-based echocardiography learning contribution on training of medical residents.

Echocardiography is a pivotal exam in critically ill patients, a specific training is crucial. Medical residents often lack echocardiography practice. This study aims to evaluate the impact of simulation-based training on medical residents' echocardiography mastery. This interventional study was conducted among medical residents at the Simulation Center of the Faculty of Medicine in Monastir (CeSim) in January 2022. The intervention consisted of a theoretical training and a simulator-based practical training concerning echocardiography. Residents underwent evaluation before and after training through a "Pre-Test" and a "Post-Test," respectively, using a French-language questionnaire. Participation was entirely voluntary. A total of 28 medical residents participated in our study, with the majority being female (57.1%). The median age was 29 years (interquartile range: 28-31.75). Following training, the proportion of participants who reported having the necessary skills for echocardiography interpretation significantly increased (p<0.05). Respondents demonstrated significant improvements in their scores on theoretical tests and practical skills assessments. Concerning echocardiographic views, the percentage of participants who correctly identified the title of the parasternal small axis section increased from 53.6% before training to 100% after training (p <10-3). Significant enhancements were observed in all parameters evaluating the practice of echocardiographic sections by respondents on a mannequin after training, encompassing time to obtain the view, view quality, image quality, visualization of structures, interpretability, and image stability (p<10-3). There was a significant improvement in average response rates for echocardiographic clinical syndroms among medical residents before and after training. All participants emphasized the indispensability of ultrasound education in the training of physicians specializing in managing cardiopulmonary emergencies. This study reports the beneficial role of simulation-based training in enhancing the mastery of medical residents in echocardiography. Incorporating such training methods into their learning curricula is advisable.

Does 3D simulation impact clinical reasoning for orthodontic treatment planning of impacted maxillary canines?

Clinical reasoning is an essential competence to develop in the diagnosis and treatment planning of impacted maxillary canines to ensure good treatment outcomes. It involves skills of radiographic interpretation and mental visualization. To master these, postgraduate students learn to interpret 2D and 3D X-rays to locate these canines accurately. This process demands the creation of mental models of the impaction and resolving it either by envisioning the canine's movement to its correct position or considering its removal. To facilitate this cognitive exercise, a 3D-printed simulator, derived from Cone Beam Computed Tomography scans, serves as a tool to allow students to experiment with various movement simulations, helping them select the most viable treatment approach.This project aimed to assess the differences in expert and novice orthodontists’ clinical reasoning for impacted maxillary canines, and whether the addition of a 3D simulator would affect their reasoning. Thirteen (13) novices randomly assigned to a control and intervention group and three (3) experts took part in a Think-Aloud exercise to diagnose and treatment plan a case of bilaterally impacted maxillary canines. Experts and intervention group novices had the 3D simulator in addition to standardized patient records. Their responses were recorded and analyzed according to a coding scheme reflecting the clinical reasoning process. While experts demonstrated quick clinical judgment and found the 3D simulator redundant, novices were more uncertain and required additional cues. Novices using the 3D simulator described more elaborate treatment plans and had increased awareness of potential complications as compared to the control group.

UAE Foreign Policy Identity: Authoritarianism, Cosmopolitism, Connectivity

The article explores the phenomenon of the foreign policy identity of the UAE, an oil-producing nation in the Persian Gulf that has managed to overcome the constraints of its smallness and assert its prestige on a global scale. The study aims to identify historic and cultural basis of the shaping of this identity, the monarchy’s perception of threats and challenges and its ways of dealing with them, the role of political leadership and how their personal views and ambitions shape the contours of the country’s self-positioning as well as the use of the foreign policy identity in implementing national interests. The author discovers that the core of UAE foreign policy identity was contoured by the founding fathers of the small monarchy and then later developed and adapted by the new generation of ambitious, charismatic, and visionary leaders. The key factor was the fusion of visions of rulers of the two emirates with most economic and political weight in the federation, Abu Dhabi and Dubai, that defined the regional and international status of the UAE as an influential and powerful actor. The paper concludes that the main components of UAE foreign policy identity are pragmatism, prioritization of socioeconomic development and prosperity, perfect combination of conservative governance and cosmopolitism, the principles of connectivity and integration in global financial and logistic networks and flows, as well as agility in the currently changing balance of power and skillful interpretation of international norms and discourses in promoting its own image and agenda.

Robust brain tumor classification by fusion of deep learning and channel-wise attention mode approach

Diagnosing brain tumors is a complex and time-consuming process that relies heavily on radiologists’ expertise and interpretive skills. However, the advent of deep learning methodologies has revolutionized the field, offering more accurate and efficient assessments. Attention-based models have emerged as promising tools, focusing on salient features within complex medical imaging data. However, the precise impact of different attention mechanisms, such as channel-wise, spatial, or combined attention within the Channel-wise Attention Mode (CWAM), for brain tumor classification remains relatively unexplored. This study aims to address this gap by leveraging the power of ResNet101 coupled with CWAM (ResNet101-CWAM) for brain tumor classification. The results show that ResNet101-CWAM surpassed conventional deep learning classification methods like ConvNet, achieving exceptional performance metrics of 99.83% accuracy, 99.21% recall, 99.01% precision, 99.27% F1-score and 99.16% AUC on the same dataset. This enhanced capability holds significant implications for clinical decision-making, as accurate and efficient brain tumor classification is crucial for guiding treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes. Integrating ResNet101-CWAM into existing brain classification software platforms is a crucial step towards enhancing diagnostic accuracy and streamlining clinical workflows for physicians.

Virtual Reality Simulation for the Acquisition and Retention of Electrocardiogram Interpretation Skills: A Randomized Controlled Trial Among Undergraduate Medical Students.

Introduction The electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the most important tools in diagnosing cardiac abnormalities, particularly arrhythmias and myocardial infarction. It is one of the certifiable competencies for final-year medical undergraduate students. We determined virtual reality's effectiveness in acquiring and retaining ECG interpretation skills among medical students compared to traditional teaching. Methods One hundred and forty students were randomized into two groups. Seventy-one students (immersion group) were trained using virtual reality simulation to acquire and retain interpretation skills of normal and abnormal ECG. Sixty-nine students(traditional group) were trained in the classroom using chalk and board. The primary outcome of change in acquiring knowledge of the interpretation of ECG was determined by comparing pre and post-test scores. The secondary outcome of retention of knowledge was determined by comparing pre-test and second post-test scores conducted after eight weeks of intervention. The p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results Out of 140 students, 50 (35.7%) were males and 90 (64.3%) were female. The mean age of the students was 22.1 (SD1.1), with 69.3% of them between the ages of 21 and 22 years.Mean pre-test scores for the interpretation of normal ECG among immersion and traditional groups were 9.8(SD8.4) and 8.3(SD7.5), respectively, and post-test scores for the acquisition of knowledge were 24.3(SD5.5) and 24.8(SD6.3), respectively. The post-test scores for retention skills were 25.3(SD5.6) and 20.7 (SD6.9) respectively (p<0.001).The mean pre-test scores for the interpretation of abnormal ECG of both groups were 7.0(SD6) and 8.3 (SD6.6), respectively. Mean post-test scores for acquiring knowledge to interpret abnormal ECG were 23.5(SD6.2) and 17.7 (SD9), respectively(p<0.001), and mean post-test scores for retention of interpretation skillsof abnormal ECG were 19.2 (SD - 6.9) and 13.3 (SD10.2) respectively (p=0.001). The pairwise comparison of the immersion group indicates that all the combinations that changed in score from the pre to post-intervention time points, from pre-to-retention time, and from the post-to-retention time were significant (p<0.001). Conclusion Virtual reality teaching had a better impact on acquiring and retaining the skill for interpreting normal and abnormal electrocardiograms.

Становление навыков смыслового чтения при работе с художественными произведениями в третьем классе

The article examines the features of the formation of semantic reading skills in third-grade students in literary reading lessons, which determine the organization of work with works of different genres in accordance with the updated Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education. General approaches to the analysis of epic and lyrical works are presented, the specifics of the methodology for teaching the skills of perception and interpretation of poetic and prose texts are revealed.

Improving Reading Comprehension Skills Through a Whole Language Approach in Fifth Grade Elementary School Students

Reading comprehension skills are not always easy and quick for every student to master. It is still found that students and school conditions do not support reading activities, so students' reading comprehension skills do not develop optimally. Thus, an approach to learning that can improve students' reading comprehension skills is needed. This research aims to analyze the Whole Language Approach in improving reading comprehension skills for fifth-grade elementary school students. The research method for this research is to adopt the Kemmis and McTaggart action research model. The subjects of this research were 30 class V students. The data collection methods for this research are observation, interviews and tests. The data collection instruments for this research used questionnaire sheets and test questions. This data analysis technique uses two techniques: qualitative data analysis and descriptive static data analysis. The research results were that students' interpretative level reading comprehension skills only reached 48% at the beginning of the pretest. When implementing the whole language approach in cycle I, there was an increase of 78%. Moreover, It increased again until in cycle III, it became 83%. It is concluded that the whole language approach is one-way teachers can use to improve reading comprehension skills at the interpretative level. The implication of this research is that applying the Whole Language Approach can help students learn.

Genre and species characteristics of musical and performing interpretation

The relevance of the publication lies in the importance and necessity of determining the influence of genre and species characteristics on musical and performance interpretation. So, the main purposes of this article are to identify the main factors that influence the development of interpreting skills, analyse how students of higher music institutions have evaluated their own musical interpretation skills, provide an assessment analysis of how independent music experts have evaluated students' musical interpretation skills, provide a comparative analysis of these assessments, provide rationale for the importance of musical and performing interpretation skills regardless of the music genre, and provide recommendations for the development of musical performance interpretation skills for teachers of higher music institutions. While considering the issue of genre and species characteristics of musical and performing interpretation, the methods of this scientific work were applied: the deductive method, method of argumentation, method of matching, methods of combination and differentiation, method of categorisation, method of questionnaire survey, and systematic analysis, which provided an opportunity to link all the research results together. The study suggests the outcome of the research conducted, discovers the key peculiarities of the art process that influence the development of interpretation skills, analyses the results of self-assessment by students of higher music institutions, provides a comparative analysis with the assessments of independent experts, substantiates the need for closer attention to the development of musical and performing interpretation skills for musicians of all genres, both instrumentalists and vocalists, and provides recommendations for developing the musical and performing interpretation skills of future musicians. The practical value of the study lies in the fact that its results can be used both in the concert activity of musicians and in the process of mastering the performing disciplines by students of colleges and higher educational institutions related to the art of music.

Three Basic Skills of Rectilinear Motion Chart Interpretation; What Do Students Already Have and How Should They Be?

Three Basic Skills of Rectilinear Motion Chart Interpretation; What Do Students Already Have and How Should They Be?

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (PBL) Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Mahasiswa Kimia

This research is based on the importance of critical thinking skills in higher education, which are essential for students to face complex challenges in the real world and in their professional lives. In the context of higher education, there is an urgent need to develop teaching methods that can effectively enhance critical thinking skills. Problem-Based Learning (PBL) has been proposed as one of the effective methods for this purpose. This article aims to explore the influence of PBL on students' critical thinking skills. The problem discussed is how PBL can improve analytical, evaluative, interpretative, and reflective skills, which are crucial components of critical thinking among students. The method used is a literature review of various relevant studies, including experimental, quasi-experimental, and longitudinal studies, by collecting data from research that assesses the effectiveness of PBL in the context of higher education. The research results indicate that PBL significantly improves students' critical thinking skills compared to traditional teaching methods, with an average increase of 25% in analytical skills, 30% in evaluative skills, 28% in interpretative skills, and 32% in reflective skills. Additionally, longitudinal studies show that the positive effects of PBL persist in the long term, with consistent improvements observed after one year of implementation. The conclusion of this article is that Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is an effective method to enhance students' critical thinking skills and prepare them to face complex challenges in the real world.

Flipped classroom strategy in promoting critical thinking in social science

The research study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a flipped classroom strategy in enhancing the critical thinking skills of grade 12 humanities and social sciences students. Two approaches, pre-class and in-class activities were implemented with 80 students from Recto Memorial National High School. Overall, students had a positive perception of the flipped classroom strategy, and their performance in critical thinking tests was generally good. However, there were areas for improvement, particularly in inference and evaluation skills. The study found no significant difference in recognition and inferencing skills between the pre-class and in-class activities, but there was a significant difference in interpretation and evaluation skills. Recommendations were made for curriculum developers, supervisors, and administrators to enhance teaching methods through training and workshops, focusing on improving students' inference and evaluation skills. The adoption of the flipped classroom approach was encouraged, especially in social sciences, to make class discussions more engaging. Further research with a larger sample size or exploring different critical thinking subskills was suggested to provide more insight into the effectiveness of the flipped classroom approach.

LEARNER-ORIENTED INSTRUCTION AND DATA INTERPRETATION SKILLS OF STUDENTS IN MANAY SOUTH DISTRICT, DAVAO ORIENTAL

The study aimed to investigate the influence of learner-oriented instruction of teachers on the data interpretation skills of students. In this study, the researcher selected the 212 elementary school teachers in Manay South District in Davao Oriental as the respondents of the study. Stratified random sampling technique was utilized in the selection of the respondents. Non-experimental quantitative research design using descriptive-correlational method was employed. The data collected were subjected on the following statistical tools: Mean, Pearson Moment Product Correlation and Linear Regression Analysis. Findings revealed that learner-oriented instruction of teachers and data interpretation skills of students in Manay South District in Davao Oriental were described as moderately extensive. Further, correlation analysis demonstrated that there is a significant relationship between learner-oriented instruction of teachers and data interpretation skills of students in Manay South District in Davao Oriental. Evidently, regression analysis proved that learner-oriented instruction of teachers in terms of learner empowerment; self-directed learning; and active learning engagement significantly influenced the data interpretation skills of students in Manay South District in Davao Oriental. The study, therefore, conducted for further utilization of findings through publication in reputable research journal. KEYWORDS: Educational management, learner-oriented instruction of teachers, data interpretation skills of students, regression analysis, quantitative study

Practice rehearsal pairs with dynamic video media: Improving students' kinematics graph interpretation skills

Practice rehearsal pairs with dynamic video media: Improving students' kinematics graph interpretation skills

Artificial Interpretation: An Investigation into the Feasibility of Archaeologically Focused Seismic Interpretation via Machine Learning

The value of artificial intelligence and machine learning applications for use in heritage research is increasingly appreciated. In specific areas, notably remote sensing, datasets have increased in extent and resolution to the point that manual interpretation is problematic and the availability of skilled interpreters to undertake such work is limited. Interpretation of the geophysical datasets associated with prehistoric submerged landscapes is particularly challenging. Following the Last Glacial Maximum, sea levels rose by 120 m globally, and vast, habitable landscapes were lost to the sea. These landscapes were inaccessible until extensive remote sensing datasets were provided by the offshore energy sector. In this paper, we provide the results of a research programme centred on AI applications using data from the southern North Sea. Here, an area of c. 188,000 km2 of habitable terrestrial land was inundated between c. 20,000 BP and 7000 BP, along with the cultural heritage it contained. As part of this project, machine learning tools were applied to detect and interpret features with potential archaeological significance from shallow seismic data. The output provides a proof-of-concept model demonstrating verifiable results and the potential for a further, more complex, leveraging of AI interpretation for the study of submarine palaeolandscapes.

Pengembangan E-Booklet Berbasis Aplikasi Android Pada Sub Konsep Sistem Peredaran Darah Manusia Kelas XI SMA

Electronic booklets are learning resources that are in accordance with online learning conditions, the 2013 curriculum and IT advances in education. The research model used is 4D namely: 1) Define, 2) Design and 3) Development which then in the Development stage uses the Tessmer Formative Evaluation design namely 1) Expert assessment and 2) individual test 3) small group test. The subjects of the validity test were 2 Biology Education lecturers and 1 Biology teacher at SMA Negeri 4 Banjarmasin. The individual test subjects were 3 class XI MIPA 3 students at SMA Negeri 4 Banjarmasin and the small group test subjects were 4 students in the same class. The results of the study show 1) the validity of the Android application-based E-Booklet based on 5 aspects has a valid category; 2) the practicality of the contents of the Android application-based E-Booklet has attractiveness based on the responses of students in the at least good category, the practicality of the hope that the E-Booklet is easy to use based on the responses of students in the least good category; and 3) the effectiveness of expectations based on critical thinking assessments obtains a very good category in interpretation, analysis, evaluation, explanation, and self-regulation skills, and has a good category in the aspect of inference

Integrating a hybrid mode into kindergarten STEM education: its impact on young children’s critical thinking skills during the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT Critical thinking is essential for young children and can be enhanced through appropriate and supportive curricula. With the rich affordance of digitalization, this study evaluated the effects of a hybrid STEM curriculum on critical thinking skills in 74 kindergarteners (42 boys and 32 girls) aged 5.83–7.25 years (Mean = 6.44, SD = 0.31) from a Chinese kindergarten during the COVID-19 pandemic. Employing a quantitative design across two classes, we collaborated with teachers, children, and parents to co-develop a series of STEM activities throughout an academic year. Despite the absence of a pre-test due to pandemic restrictions, no significant age differences or differences in their related assessments prior to participating in this study. Results showed that the experimental class demonstrated significant improvements in interpretation, explanation, inference, and self-regulation skills compared to the control group. These findings suggest the STEM curriculum effectively enhances critical thinking in early childhood education.

Enhancing Students' Interpretation and Self-regulation Skills Through Socio-scientific Issues (SSI) Approach Related to Environmental Change Topic

This study aimed to determine the effect of SSI learning on environmental change topics on students’ interpretation (SIS) and self-regulated skills (SRS). The method used was pre-experiment with one group pre-test and post-test design. The participants in this study were 57 students in 7th grade (32 boys and 25 girls) chosen using a random sampling technique. The instrument was a test with 6 essay questions for interpretation and self-regulation. Research data were analyzed through prerequisite tests, paired sample t-tests, n-gain scores, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) test, and Pearson correlation test. The results prove that SSI learning for these topics had no significant effect on students’ interpretation skills and self-regulation. The n-gain score analysis also proves that only 0.34 for interpretation skills and 0.36 for self-regulated skills are in the moderate category. However, the cluster analysis shows differences in student SIS and SRS for low levels but not middle and high ones. Finally, the Pearson correlation test shows a positive relationship between students’ interpretation and self-regulated skills. Keywords: self-regulation skills, Socio-scientific Issues (SSI), environmental change

Survey of Ventilator Waveform Interpretation Among ICU Professionals.

The interpretation of ventilator waveforms is essential for effective and safe mechanical ventilation but requires specialized training and expertise. This study aimed to investigate the ability of ICU professionals to interpret ventilator waveforms, identify areas requiring further education and training, and explore the factors influencing their interpretation skills. We conducted an international online anonymous survey of ICU professionals (physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists [RTs]), with ≥ 1 y of experience working in the ICU. The survey consisted of demographic information and 15 multiple-choice questions related to ventilator waveforms. Results were compared between professions using descriptive statistics, and logistic regression (expressed as odds ratios [ORs; 95% CI]) was performed to identify factors associated with high performance, which was defined by a threshold of 60% correct answers. A total of 1,832 professionals from 31 countries or regions completed the survey; 53% of respondents answered ≥ 60% of the questions correctly. The 3 questions with the most correct responses were related to waveforms that demonstrated condensation (90%), pressure overshoot (79%), and bronchospasm (75%). Conversely, the 3 questions with the fewest correct responses were waveforms that demonstrated early cycle leading to double trigger (43%), severe under assistance (flow starvation) (37%), and early/reverse trigger (31%). Factors significantly associated with ≥ 60% correct answers included years of ICU working experience (≥ 10 y, OR 1.6 [1.2-2.0], P < .001), profession (RT, OR 2.8 [2.1-3.7], P < .001), highest degree earned (graduate, OR 1.7 [1.3-2.2], P < .001), workplace (teaching hospital, OR 1.4 [1.1-1.7], P = .008), and prior ventilator waveforms training (OR 1.7 [1.3-2.2], P < .001). Slightly over half respondents correctly identified ≥ 60% of waveforms demonstrating patient-ventilator discordance. High performance was associated with ≥ 10 years of ICU working experience, RT profession, graduate degree, working in a teaching hospital, and prior ventilator waveforms training. Some discordances were poorly recognized across all groups of surveyed professionals.

Self-Regulated Learning Strategy in the Learning Instructions of Interpretive Reading Courses

The integration of the SRL strategy into instructional practices is motivated by the desire to nurture students' autonomy in learning, a trait that is increasingly emphasized in contemporary educational discourse. This study investigates the integration of the Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) strategy into the instructional framework of an Interpretive Reading course. Given the emphasis on fostering students' learning independence inherent in the SRL strategy, it becomes crucial to ensure that instructional practices align with this objective, particularly within the context of a course designed for first-semester university students. The study adopts a case study approach within an Interpretive Reading class at a private university in Indonesia. Here, the focus is on evaluating the instructional strategies vis-à-vis the criteria delineated in each phase of the SRL strategy: Forethought and Planning, Monitoring of Performance, and Reflection on Performance. The findings reveal that the instructional interventions implemented by the lecturer predominantly meet the criteria established for each phase of the SRL strategy. These instructions serve as scaffolding mechanisms, guiding students towards developing their autonomy in learning processes. Furthermore, the study underscores the effectiveness of these instructions in enhancing students' interpretive reading skills. Consequently, the outcomes of this study hold implications for the integration of digital texts within the instructional context, suggesting their potential to further support and enhance student learning experiences in Interpretive Reading classrooms.

Adapting Cloud Accounting As Creative Innovation And The Role Of Accountants In The Era Of Disruption

Cloud accounting is a pivotal innovation in contemporary accounting, significantly altering how accountants operate. This article delves into the effects of cloud accounting on the accounting profession, examining its role in an era marked by technological upheaval and how accountants adapt to persist. It elucidates the transition prompted by cloud accounting from traditional task execution, such as transaction recording, to a more analytical approach focused on deep data analysis through process automation. Yet, this transition does not render the accountant's role redundant; rather, it underscores the ongoing necessity for accountants to refine their competencies. These include analytical prowess, data interpretation skills, engagement with emerging technologies, a commitment to ethical standards, and a mastery of strategic consulting. Additionally, the article points out the critical need for accountants to continuously advance their technological understanding, embracing tools like Power BI and programming languages such as SQL, to stay pertinent and effective amidst disruptive trends. By exploring both hurdles and prospects, the narrative posits accountants at the forefront of delivering insightful, value-added recommendations to businesses navigating the digital revolution. By presenting a comprehensive analysis of the evolving landscape, the article projects a nuanced perspective on the accountant's future role, advocating for readiness and adaptation to harness the benefits presented by cloud technology in this transformative period