Interpretation Of Slavery Research Articles

The contributions of Clóvis Moura’s interpretation of slavery in Brazil and the possible dialogues with organization studies

Resumo O objetivo deste texto é retomar pontos importantes da obra de Clóvis Moura e apontar possíveis diálogos dessas contribuições com a área de Estudos Organizacionais. A partir de uma perspectiva que põe a questão racial no centro de nossa formação social, é possível se distanciar de abordagens que relacionam o “atraso” na periferia do capitalismo a práticas administrativas defeituosas. Para isso, recorre-se à obra de Moura, da qual foram discutidos os seguintes elementos: a ênfase no papel do escravizado rebelde no desgaste do escravismo; a crítica às técnicas contemporâneas de seleção profissional, cultural e política; o papel da práxis social dinâmica; e a relação entre problemática racial e dependência econômica. Com base nessas ideias, foram apontadas pontes com o estudo das organizações, abrindo possibilidades para: i) questionar leituras contemporâneas que colocam o dominante como protagonista de eventuais transformações sociais, por intermédio do reconhecimento do potencial dos dominados de recobrar sua autonomia; ii) analisar como as organizações são espaços decisivos de reprodução das desigualdades, apontando a ideia de promoção da diversidade nas empresas como um componente do mito escamoteador da realidade social; iii) refletir sobre como os movimentos contemporâneos de resistência, inspirados na quilombagem, podem ser pensados com base em sua capacidade de desgastar o sistema vigente a partir de uma articulação de grupos marginalizados; iv) refletir como a superexploração do trabalho, aliada à austeridade econômica do Estado e à violência policial e paraestatal, demonstra que a herança da escravidão se metamorfoseia para continuar se reproduzindo e sustentando o capitalismo dependente diante dos novos artefatos e arranjos organizacionais.

The Interpretation of Slavery before the International Criminal Court: Reconciling Legal Borders?

This article examines the interpretation of the definition of slavery/ enslavement by the International Criminal Court (ICC) in the Ongwen case (2021) and its application to the facts of the case at hand. This examination is warranted because Ongwen represents the first case in which the ICC was tasked with deciding whether the crime of enslavement had been committed. This article illustrates that the ICC has been outward-looking, finding that judgments of other courts largely featured in the reasoning of the ICC when interpreting slavery. The detailed study in this article further reveals that, either directly or indirectly, the ICC more specifically drew on the judgment of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in the Kunarac case. The article shows that, in doing so, the ICC reconciled legal borders by incorporating in its decision elements of general international law, international human rights law, and international humanitarian law instruments to inform its understanding of slavery/enslavement. The article highlights that the ICC contributed to norm consolidation globally.

Exploring and Interpreting the History of Slavery at James Madison’s Montpelier

Archaeology’s importance to understanding and exploring difficult histories should be considered an essential tool in the public history toolbox. This paper will explore how the Department of Archaeology at The Montpelier Foundation in Orange, Virginia, interprets the lives of over 350 individuals enslaved by James Madison, the nation’s fourth president. To do so, we use the Rubric of best practices, standards established by the National Summit on Teaching Slavery held in 2018 and published by the National Trust for Historic Preservation in a document called Engaging Descendant Communities in the Interpretation of Slavery at Museums and Historic Sites. This paper examines how the Montpelier Archaeology Department has developed a research and interpretive program that puts the Rubric into practice, making the case that public historians and heritage organizations must robustly engage archaeologists and the discipline of archaeology in all aspects of its research and interpretation.

History, Materialization, and Presentation of Slavery in Tanzania

ABSTRACTEast Africa has been part of an Indian Ocean trading network connecting it with the Arab world since at least the eighth century CE. This trade included the trafficking of humans. A number of sites associated with slave trading in East Africa are open to public display while some are also incorporated into local folklore. This article explores the historical interpretation of slavery presented at several sites in Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania. Analysis of these sites demonstrates that the public narratives accepted and presented about them are influenced by the region's colonial past and nineteenth-century European dominated cultural constructs.

An Unfinished Struggle: Sesquicentennial Interpretations of Slavery and Emancipation

An Unfinished Struggle: Sesquicentennial Interpretations of Slavery and Emancipation

Reflections on Siliadin v. France: slavery and legal definition

This article seeks to consider the position of the European Court of Human Rights in the case of Siliadin v. France, addressing the Court's interpretation of slavery under Article 1 of the Slavery Convention 1926 in the light of international law on slavery, and the criticism that the Court should have extended its capability under Article 41 of the European Convention to stipulate more extensive remedial measures. The article contrasts the Court's reasoning, to develop a diagnostic survey of definitions of slavery and servitude, and to identify a conflation or substitution of terminology within the anti-slavery field and a possible reduction in protection where forced labour is concerned. The author proceeds to evaluate some of the consequences of continual and inconsistent re-categorisation for national and international laws.

Speaking of Slavery: Color, Ethnicity, and Human Bondage in Italy. By Steven A. Epstein. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001. Pp. xiv, 215. $32.50.

Stephen Epstein is one of a growing group of scholars who are proposing a new interpretation of slavery in medieval and early modern Europe. The subject itself is not new. In the case of Italy, over the past century a few scholars have studied Italian slavery in local or regional studies, and it was the subject of a major work by Charles Verlinden (L'Esclavage dans l'Europe mA©diA©vale, vol. 2: Italie – olonies italiennes du Levant – Levant latin – Empire byzantine. Ghent: Rijsuniversiteit te Gent, 1977) and featured prominently in general surveys by Jacques Heers (Esclaves et domestiques au moyen A¢ge dans le monde mediterranean. Paris: Fayard, 1981) and the present reviewer (Slavery from Roman Times to the Early Transatlantic Trade. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1985). Nevertheless, the historical profession has tended to ignore post-Roman slavery in the Mediterranean world, or to consider it either an attenuated relic from classical times or as a shadowy prelude to the great expansion of slavery in the colonial Americas. The numbers and percentages of slaves in Italy never approached those of true slave societies, in which more than 30 percent of the population was unfree. Common conclusions heretofore have been that slavery was not too important in the Italian economy, because most slaves were domestics; that slaves were not treated too harshly, because most lived in the households of their owners; and that slavery died out without leaving much of a trace in modern Italian society.

Reconstructing Reconstruction: the Supreme Court and the production of historical truth

Reconstructing Reconstruction: The Supreme Court and the Production of Historical Truth. By Pamela Brandwein. (Durham, N.C., and London: Duke University Press, c. 1999. Pp. xii, 272. Paper, $17.95, ISBN 0-8223-2316-8; cloth, $49.95, ISBN 0-8223-2284-6.) Associate Justice Samuel F. Miller wrote for the U.S. Supreme Court majority in the Slaughter-House Cases (1873) that the amendments reveal a unity of when taken in connection with the history of the times, and that [f]ortunately that history is fresh within the memory of us all, and its leading features, as they bear upon the matter before us, free from doubt (p. 63). That unity of purpose, according to the Court's official memory of events, was the abolition of legal slavery and the final destruction of a state's right to secede--period. As sociologist Pamela Brandwein reminds us in this innovative study of American constitutional law as a privileged site for the production of historical truth, Miller's certainty about the consensus of historical interpretation underlying the amendments was woefully, if not willfully, misplaced. Americans have lived with the constitutional consequences ever since. Brandwein casts a sociological beam on the dimly understood interpretive work of judges to argue that, during the 1870s and 1880s, the Supreme Court institutionalized a set of contested historical assumptions that included taken-for-granted beliefs about the experiences of slavery, the Civil War, and Reconstruction (p. 19). The meaning of these experiences generated heated debate when the Civil Rights Bill of 1866 and the Fourteenth Amendment first came under consideration. Northern Democrats defined slavery as the legally sanctioned ownership of human beings and had understood the political problem of slavery as undue federal interference with popular sovereignty in the western territories. Republicans understood the historical problem of slavery more broadly, associating the institution with the suppression of civil liberties in the southern states and with a general threat to free labor. Driven by this interpretation of slavery's history, Republicans agitated for amendments that would not only abolish slavery and secession but also overthrow Barron v. Baltimore (1833), which held that the Bill of Rights applied only to the federal government. The Court, in Slaughter-House, validated the northern Democratic narrative of slavery. The decision helped the Court to shore up its controversial judgment that, contrary to Republican understanding, the Fourteenth Amendment did not incorporate the Bill of Rights and apply its provisions to the states. …

Biology, Diseases, and Economics: An Epidemiological History of Slavery in the American South

The economic history of antebellum southern slavery has been and is the subject of ongoing debates among scholars. The literature includes assessments about the efficiency of slavery as well as about the adequacy of slave living standards and diets. Yet this literature under appreciates the important biologic and historical role that parasitic diseases played in the history of slavery. Recognizing the role of parasitic diseases calls into question some prevailing interpretations of slavery. Lacking direct evidence on slave diets, scholars turned to anthropometric evidence as proxies for the living standards of slaves, leading to the prevailing view that adult slaves were given adequate sustenance, but slave infants and children were severely malnourished. We argue it was not slave diets, but the combination of the plantation system and diseases that caused abnormally small slave children. The diseases that concern us, primarily hookworm and malaria, affected slaves ('blacks') and free labor ('whites') differently. Many slaves were concentrated on large plantations with infants and younger children crowded into 'nurseries.' This system allowed the maintenance and spread of diseases that adversely affected younger slaves. Southern white children however were less likely to be raised in conditions so conductive to parasitic diseases. The disease ecology of the antebellum South has implications for the prevailing view that slavery was more efficient than free labor. Biologic evidence indicates that people of tropical West African ancestry are more resilient to the effects of hookworm and malaria than European descendents. Thus when whites did contract these diseases, they were more afflicted than blacks. When slaves entered the adult work force they were taken from disease breeding grounds (slave nurseries) and sent into relatively (for blacks) healthy fields, while whites that went into the fields found a disease environment that was typically worse than that of their childhood. If black adults were more productive than were white adults because of a greater resilience to parasitic diseases, then part of any measured difference in productivity between slave and free farms should be attributed to the disease resistance of African descendents, rather than to any inherent efficiencies of slavery.

The Economics of Antebellum Slave Heights Reconsidered

The Economics of Antebellum Slave Heights Reconsidered The efforts of anthropometric historians to unearth the broad outlines of the biological standard of living during the course of the last two-and-a-half centuries are well known. Nonetheless, sixteen years have elapsed since Steckel published a pathbreaking article-arguably the manifesto of anthropometric research-on the physical stature of slaves in antebellum America. Such an origin for the program was hardly accidental; the treatment of those unfortunate millions on the quintessential soil of freedom went, and still goes, to the very heart and soul of the historical profession's concerns. In fact, the cliometric paradigm switch was itself intertwined with the large body of literature the focus of which was the economic interpretation of slavery in the United States. Indeed, an interest in the demographic experience of the slaves and their well being was the initial inspiration of Steckel's analysis as well.' The seemingly incontrovertible evidence that sprang immediately from the thousands of pages of shipping documents-the source of Steckel's data-showed that American-born slaves were

Industrial Paternalism: Discourse and Practice in Nineteenth-Century French Mining and Metallurgy

In recent years paternalism has become one of the most discussed concepts in social history. While historians of women invoke paternalism and patriarchy to help explain relations of male domination, Marxist historians have found paternalism useful in expanding their analyses of class consciousness. Eugene Genovese organized his interpretation of slavery in the American south around paternalism. For E. P. Thompson, the breakdown of the ideology and practice of rural paternalism underlay the development of “class struggle without class” in eighteenth-century England. Despite Genovese's warning that paternalism is an inappropriate concept for understanding industrial society, several recent studies have identified paternalism as an important factor in the history of industrial labor during the nineteenth century. Daniel Walkowitz and Tamara Haraven have analyzed paternalism in the textile industries of upstate New York and southern New Hampshire. Lawrence Schofer and David Crew have studied paternalism in nineteenth-century German heavy industry, and Patrick Joyce has recently argued for its centrality in the restructuring of class relations in the late Victorian textile industry.

A Bibliography of Civil War Articles: 1965

A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CIVIL WAR ARTICLES: 1965 Compiled by Ada M. Stoflet I. General Cunliffe, Marcus. "Recent Writing on the American Civil War." History, L, 26-35. Dodwell, H. B. "American Civil War." Contemporary Review, CCVI, 192-204. [A chronology.] 'The Final Assembly of the Civil War Centennial Commission and the State Historical Society's Spring Tour." Illinois State Historical Society. Journal, LVIII, 190-199. Larson, Norman C. "The Confederate Centennial: A Report." North Carolina Historical Review, XLII, 216-223. McWhiney, Grady. "Who Whipped Whom? Confederate Defeat Reexamined ." Civil War History, XI, 5-26. Robertson, James I., Jr. "The Two-Sided War." Kansas Historical Quarterly , XXXI, 63-66. Stoflet, Ada M., comp. "A Bibliography of Civil War Articles: 1964." Civä War History, XI, 178-203. Temple, Wayne C. "Last Assembly of the Civil War Centennial Commission ." Lincoln Herald, LXVII, 83-90. II. Slavery and the Antebellum South Craven, Avery O. "Historical Adventure." Journal of American History, LI (1964), 5-20. [Manning-Chestnut family in antebellum South Carolina .] Duram, James C. "A Study of Frustration: Britain, the USA and the African Slave Trade, 1815-1870." Social Science, XL, 220-225. Fishlow, Albert. "Antebellum Interregional Trade Reconsidered." American Economic Review, LIV (1964), 352-364. Hill, Leonard U. "John Randolph's Freed Slaves Settle in Western Ohio." Cincinnati Historical Society. Bulletin, XXIII, 179-186. Jenkins, John H., ed. "Murder the Entire White Population." Texana, III, 180-182. Katz, William. "Another Slave Freed." Journal of Negro History, L, 121-123. Logan, Gwendolyn Evans. "The Slave in Connecticut during the Revolution ." Connecticut Historical Society. Bulletin, XXX, 73-80. 156 Lucdncham, Bradford F. "Schoolcraft, Slavery and Self-Emancipation." Journal of Negro History, L, 118-121. Lynd, Staughton. "Rethinking Slavery and Reconstruction." Journal of Negro History, L, 198-209. Mathews, Donald G. "Methodist Mission to the Slaves, 1829-1844." Journal of American History, LI, 615-631. Miller, William L. "Note on the Importance of the Interstate Slave Trade of the Ante Bellum South." Journal of Politicai Economy, LXXIII, 181-187. Moore, John Hammond. "A Hymn of Freedom—South Carolina, 1813." Journal of Negro History, L, 50-53. Neyland, Leedell W. "The Free Negro in Florida." Negro History Bulletin , XXIX, 27-28+. Parker, Franklin. "Philip Vickers Fifthian: Northern Tutor on a Southern Plantation." Journal of the West, IV, 56-62. Proctor, William G., Jr. "Slavery in Southwest Georgia." Georgia Historical Quarterly, XLIX, 1-22. Reinders, Robert C. "The Free Negro in the New Orleans Economy, 1850-1860." Louisiana History, VI, 273-285. Rice, Otis K. "Coal Mining in the Kanawha Valley to 1861: A View of Industrialization in the Old South." Journal of Southern History, XXXI, 393-416. Schnell, Kempes. "Anti-Slavery Influences on the Status of Slaves in a Free State." Journal of Negro History, L, 257-273. Sio, Arnold A. "Interpretations of Slavery: The Slave Status in the Americas." Comparative Studies in Society and History, VII, 289-308. SuTCH, Richard. "The Profitability of Ante Bellum Slavery—Revisited." Southern Economic Journal, XXXI, 365-377. "A Reply" by Edward Saraydor, 377-383. Takai, Ronald. "The Movement to Reopen the African Slave Trade in South Carolina." South Carolina Historical Magazine, LXVI, 38-54. Williams, William Henry, ed. "Ten Letters from William Harris Crawford to Martin Van Buren." Georgia Historical Quarterly, XLIX, 65-81. WiNNiNCHAM, Mrs. Davto. "Sam Houston and Slavery." Texana, III, 93104 . Wax, Darold D. "Negro Imports into Pennsylvania, 1720-1766." Pennsylvania History, XXXII, 254-287. Wooster, Ralph A. "Membership in Early Texas Legislature, 1850-1860." Southwestern Historical Quarterly, LXIX, 163-173. III. Antislavery and Sectionalism "Abraham Lincoln's Hartford Speech of 5 March 1860." Kentucky. University . Libraries. Bulletin, XXV (October, 1964), [1-4]. "Anti-Slavery Song Books in Thoreau's Library." Emerson Society Quarterly , No. 36 (III Quarter, 1964), Parts 2 and 3, 52-121. Carroll, Kenneth L. "William Southeby, Early Quaker Antislavery 157 158civil war history Writer." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, LXXXIX, 416-427. "A Checklist of Literary Contributions to The Liberator." Emerson Society Bulletin, No. 40, Part 3, 133-150. CoNCLETON, Betty Carolyn. "George D. Prentice and Bloody Monday: A Reappraisal." Kentucky Historical Society. Register, LXIII, 218-239. [Election day, August 6, 1855, culminating first state campaign of Native American Party.] Dunson, A...