Interpretation Of Dialogue Research Articles

The history and theoretical interpretations of dialogue in literary studies

The article examines the history of dialogue in literary studies and its theoretical interpretations. On the example of world and Uzbek literary studies, theoretical views on the issues of dialogue and its artistic function, its significance in poetic speech are summarized. Scientific conclusions are drawn about the function and essence of artistic dialogue.

The hidden dialogue between Lukacs and Bakhtin in the context of Socialist Realism — The Poetics of the genre in the perspective of a long time

The subject of research in this article is the hidden dialogue between the philosophical and literary theories of Mikhail Bakhtin and Gyorgy Lukacs, which unfolded against the background of the formation and development of socialist realism. The focus is on the analysis of how, by polemicizing with the teleological premises underlying Lukacs' system and the Socialist realist doctrine, Bakhtin forms his concept of the poetics of the novel in the perspective of "big time." The research focuses on contrasting approaches to understanding genre, where Lukacs, relying on the philosophy of history, builds a linear and teleological model of genre development, culminating in socialist realism, and Bakhtin, entering into a hidden polemic, develops anti-ideological, space-time poetics. Special attention is paid to how Bakhtin, shifting the focus from historical philosophy to the text level, offers a dialogic interpretation of genres in which each of them, including the novel and the epic, appears as a unique and eternal way of understanding the world, coexisting and interacting within the framework of the "big time", rather than striving for a historical conclusion. The research methodology is based on the analysis of Lukacs and Bakhtin's texts, with an emphasis on revealing hidden dialogical connections between their theories, especially in the context of the formation and development of the literary theory of socialist realism. The article uses a comparative method, exploring various aspects of genre poetics (including chronotopes, genre types, and the roles of writers) in the works of both authors. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the identification and analysis of the hidden dialogue between Bakhtin and Lukacs, which is not limited to comparing their views on the novel and the epic, but reveals fundamental differences in their approaches to understanding the historical process and the role of the literary genre. In contrast to Lukacs' teleological concept, which considers the development of genres as a linear process aimed at a specific goal, the study demonstrates the innovative nature of Bakhtin's anti-ideological poetics, which asserts eternal coexistence and dialogue between genres. In particular, the work shows that in Bakhtin's concept of “big time,” a genre that is not tied to a specific historical epoch does not act as a means of expression, but as a way of discovering and understanding the world itself, gaining its significance in dialogue with other genres.

Effects of experience and directionality on cognitive load in dialogue interpreting

Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of interpreter experience and interpreting direction on cognitive load of dialogue interpreters. The study was conducted on two groups of interpreters (experienced and inexperienced) during a simulated interpreter-mediated encounter and cognitive load was operationalized with disfluency durations, and disfluency counts. The data suggest that both experience and directionality modulate cognitive load in dialogue interpreters. All participants manifested an increase in cognitive load while interpreting into their weaker language (L2), which suggest that directionality had an effect on cognitive load of dialogue interpreters. The results also suggest that inexperienced interpreters are likely to exhibit higher cognitive load compared to experienced interpreters. The study underscores the significance of experience and directionality in understanding the cognitive demands faced by dialogue interpreters, contributing valuable insights to research on interpreting and cognitive load.

Interpreter Intervention: Balancing Objectivity and Subjectivity in Business Negotiations

In the era of economic globalization, interactions and collaborations between China and the global economy have significantly intensified. This trend has led to increased foreign investment in China and a growing number of Chinese enterprises expanding their operations internationally. Successful business negotiations are crucial for these endeavors, yet they face challenges such as linguistic barriers, cultural differences, and divergent thought processes. In such high-stakes scenarios, an experienced interpreter serves as a vital communication link between Chinese and international parties. This paper aims to examine the role of dialogue interpretation in business negotiations and to investigate how interpreters can effectively leverage their subjective judgment alongside strategic translation techniques. By doing so, interpreters can facilitate smoother negotiations and contribute to mutually beneficial outcomes. The study will explore specific strategies that enable interpreters to bridge cultural and linguistic gaps, thereby promoting successful and harmonious negotiations.

Exploring Speech Acts In "Heidi": An Analysis of Direct and Indirect Communication in Cinematic Dialogue

This research analyzes the use of speech acts in the movie Heidi, selected for its rich content and depiction of effective communication and moral values, particularly the importance of adaptation in a new environment. The character Heidi, a talkative young girl, provides valuable examples of how communication is established and maintained through her interactions. The study aims to identify the forms and meanings of speech acts used by the characters and to understand the interpretation of dialogues between speakers and hearers. The descriptive qualitative analysis method is employed to examine all utterances in Heidi that contain speech acts and speech strategies. The data are classified based on the forms of speech acts according to Wijana's theories and the meanings of speech acts using Searle's theory. The findings reveal the presence of various types of speech acts, including direct literal, direct nonliteral, indirect literal, and indirect nonliteral speech acts. Specifically, 133 utterances were analyzed and categorized into Representative (27), Directive (50), Expressive (31), Commissive (25), and Declarative (1). The study also shows that characters in the movie predominantly use directive speech acts. This research enhances the understanding of speech act theory and its application in film dialogues, emphasizing the importance of context and intention in interpreting communication.

INSIDEN PENURUNAN BANNER PEOPLE’S JUSTICE DI DOCUMENTA FIFTEEN DAN PERINTANG KOMUNIKASI ANTARBUDAYA

On 20 June 2022, Indonesian artists and art observers were shocked by the news that Taring Padi’s banner artwork entitled People’s Justice exhibited at Documenta Fifteen was interpreted by protesters as containing anti-Semitic elements. Taring Padi explained that his work was based on Indonesia’s political landscape during the New Order regime and had nothing to do with anti-Semitism. However, the banner was eventually dismantled on 21 June 2022. This brought up several interesting research questions pertaining to the chronological account of the incident, the causes of the incident, and actions that should have been taken by Taring Padi as a cultural agent. This research applied the qualitative method with critical discourse analysis approach. Results found that the incident occurred because of two main reasons. Firstly, the protesters were unwilling to ask the artist for any clarification and explanation. Secondly, Taring Padi was ignorant about elements which could be considered anti-Semitic because the concept is not particularly well-known in Indonesia. People’s Justice could actually serve as a medium for initiating dialogues between fellow artists and their audience. However, this work has potential drawbacks because it contains potentially misunderstood antagonism that narrows the interpretive space. This incident could have been prevented if the artist had provided sufficient room for dialogic interpretation and if the audience had been more open-minded, through which discursive encounters can be held to understand each other’s cultural and societal problems.

Prolegomena to the Systemic-Dialectical Problematization of Dialogue

The article presents the results of the initial stage of a systemic-dialectical problematization of dialogue. The study aims to establish a transdisciplinary theoretical and cognitive model of dialogue. The research addresses the problem of rethinking the conceptual framework of dialogue and the attribution of its special forms due to the inclusion of artificial intelligence in the communicative architectonics of post-culture. The primary focus is on the applicability of philosophical ideas about dialogue and its epistemology in exploring the essence and existence of dialogue within the context of technologically updated intersubjectivity. By juxtaposing the concepts of M. Buber, M.M. Bakhtin, V.S. Bibler, J. Lotman, N. Luhmann, J. Habermas, and other scholars, the article outlines the contours of areas that have not yet been problematized in philosophical interpretations of dialogue and communication. A hypothesis is proposed that dialogue may be conceptualized as a post-non-classical universal of a distinct nature. The research substantiates the efficacy of employing a systemic approach and dialectical methodology for the problematization of dialogue in epistemological and methodological aspects. The study identifies categories and concepts germane to dialogue analysis. It elucidates the transformations of dialogue into dialogue systems, the subject into a dialogue agent, and meaning-constitution into meaning-construction. Furthermore, the research posits a qualitative shift in dialogue within the context of artificially intelligent communication in media reality. It reveals that the comprehension of these processes in philosophical and scientific knowledge about dialogue creates a new epistemological situation that can be problematized. This, in turn, necessitates a robust theoretical and methodological problematization grounded in a systemic-dialectical approach, facilitating reflection on both the content of dialogue-related knowledge and its research methodology, as well as on dialogue itself, which ceases to be a phenomenon of purely human communication.

Taking innovative humanising pedagogy towards Thirdness: sustaining the development of intercultural competence

ABSTRACT To facilitate intercultural communicative competence, language learners are invited into the triadic capacity of Thirdness, where the social and critical interpretations of intercultural dialogue are explored. Little is known of the specific pedagogical stages to create such a terrain for the development of students’ sustainable intercultural competence. Situated within a tertiary-level English classroom in China, this study reveals how teachers can employ five pedagogical stages and humanised pedagogy to decentre cultural imperialism and promote plural values, behaviours and ways of knowing, and how students relativise their own beliefs to those of the target language culture.

Religious Insurgency and The Quest for Sustainable Peace in Nigeria: The Islamic Model as a Panacea

Peace advocates, conflict analysts, security experts and academia have effortlessly analyzed and advanced various ways to contain the religious insurgency championed by the Boko Ḥarām movement which has threatened Nigeria's quest for peace for more than a decade despite the counter-insurgency measures of successive Nigerian governments. However, recent situations depict that the insurgency remains unabated. This paper examined Nigeria's turbulent decade of religious insurgency, its position within the Islamic context, and Islamically-inclined practicable solution to the threat. It used analytical research method based on existing secondary literature and primary Islamic law sources. The paper reveals that a turbulent decade of Boko Ḥarām insurgency has wreaked havoc on the peace and tranquility previously existing among Nigeria's diverse ethno-religious entities. The analysis of Quranic texts, aḥādīth and opinions of notable scholars also indicates that religious insurgency associated with Boko Ḥarām is inconsistent with Islamic doctrines. Tolerance among religionists, proper religious teachings and interpretation of divine scripture, genuine inter and intra-faith dialogues, Islamic leadership-cum-governance paradigms, among others, were the identified Islamic-modelled panacea to the insurgency. The paper concludes that if the identified Islamic model can be embraced and considered in the scheme of things by religious and political leaders, as well as their ardent followers, the current religious insurgency would be drastically curtailed, thereby advancing sustainable peace in Nigeria.

A Discourse-Oriented Approach to Interpreter’s Non-Rendition Behaviour: A Case Study of An Interpreted Parent-Teacher Talk

This article explores the types and functions of dialogue interpreter’s non-rendition behaviour in a corpus of transcriptions of a recorded parent-teacher meeting. Following Vargas-Urpi’s (2019) distinction between justified and unjustified renditions, it seeks to contribute to the discussion of the interpreter’s use of non-renditions in a relatively under-searched mediated communicative environment. Non-renditions, interpreter-generated original utterances that do not have corresponding counterparts in the preceding source utterance, are considered a part of “talk as activity”. Thus, as a theoretical framework, the study adopts a dialogic view to discuss interactional non-renditions as a discourse practice. The analysis of extracts drawn from a naturally occurring parent-teacher encounter revealed that the interpreter’s non-renditions are substantially self-prompted when they ask for clarification or confirmation. There are instances of talk that lead to the exclusion of the interpreter from the ongoing dialogue in monolingual sequences. The study also provides significant data on the use of reactive tokens as a listener’s response.

Religious Insurgency and Quest for Sustainable Peace in Nigeria: The Islamic Model as a Panacea

The religious insurgency championed by the Boko Ḥarām movement has threatened Nigeria's quest for sustainable peace for more than a decade despite the counter-insurgency measures of successive governments. This paper examined Nigeria's turbulent decade of religious insurgency, its position within the Islamic context, and Islamically-inclined practicable solution to the threat. It used analytical research method based on existing secondary literature and primary Islamic law sources. The paper reveals that a turbulent decade of Boko Ḥarām insurgency has wreaked havoc on the peace and tranquillity previously existing among Nigeria's diverse ethno-religious entities. The analysis of Quranic texts, aḥādīth and opinions of notable scholars also indicates that religious insurgency associated with Boko Ḥarām is inconsistent with Islamic doctrines. Tolerance among religionists, proper religious teachings and interpretation of divine scripture, genuine inter and intra-faith dialogues, Islamic leadership-cum-governance paradigms, among others, were the identified Islamic-modelled panacea to the insurgency. The paper concludes that if the identified Islamic model can be embraced and considered in the scheme of things by religious and political leaders, as well as their ardent followers, the current religious insurgency would be drastically curtailed, thereby advancing sustainable peace in Nigeria.

At a Crossroads between Interpreting and the Law, or an Illustration of the “Introduction to English/Italian Dialogue Interpreting” Course at the University of Trieste

A specific role-play design method has been used over the last few years at the University of Trieste to introduce students to dialogue interpreting. It simulates migrants’ interviews with Italian Territorial Commissions for the Recognition of International Protection, a communicative context in which the interpreting assignment is generally not given to qualified interpreters even though asylum is granted based on the credibility of the migrant’s story. The analysis of the recordings of the simulations in class suggests that students are generally not in a position to grasp and manage the translational, interactional and anthropological intricacies that characterise this communicative context. They produce zero-, non-close, expanded and reduced renditions, and often refrain from asking for clarifications, thereby failing to coordinate the interaction and providing a picture of the “dangers” of turning to inexperienced interpreters.

Performative language in Bertolt Brecht’s Life of Galileo. Didactic reflections on dialogue and interpretation

There are nowadays a whole series of publications on the staging or productive use of theatre, all of which show that the theatrical learning medium has long since been used not only in mother-tongue or foreign language teaching in schools, but also in the field of dialogue interpretation. What is striking, however, is that it is not the drama text but preferably theatrical techniques that are used to initiate a better way of dealing with complex language situations. Theatre has developed into a relational medium par excellence because of its play character and not because of its literary text substrate; in fact, the theatrical genus is form-giving and formable, sometimes so formable that one of its ostensible constituents, i.e. the text, is often perceived as a negligible one. The approach adopted here is different: With its dual focus – on a specific drama text and on the prosodic design –, it adopts a holistic perspective that considers both language and gestural awareness of dialogical interactions.

Philosophy of Culture on the Philosophy of Modern Education in China

In Chinese philosophy, modern processes of searching for the fundamental values of the renewed strategies of education are based upon traditional Confucian approaches as well as upon recent borrowings from Western philosophy. The concept of philosophical dialogue is one example of these borrowings, adopted and radically changed following traditional Chinese logic. Such transformation means adapting the theoretical model of Socrates’ dialogue into Confucian dialogue, the term coined by Chinese authors. This paper considers Chinese developments in the philosophy of culture and aims to specify the ways of such adaptation as applicable to the philosophy of education. The goals of the study are 1) to identify and describe relevant Chinese literature on the subject; 2) to compare its interpretations by Chinese and Russian philosophers; 3) to specify key differences in interpretations of dialogue as educational method. Investigating the issue through philosophical and cultural lens, incorporating the standpoint of modern comparative studies, as well as the critical analysis of the logic of those theories in their historical and cultural context by means of the hermeneutic approach makes it possible for Chinese authors to focus on the cultural peculiarities of the Chinese way of thinking and to identify the correlation between the Western concept way of thinking and the concept of Chinese logic. This study analyzes the works of modern Chinese philosophers specializing in the specific cultural character of China through the prism of the philosophy of education. The paper concludes that in Chinese logic technical (in the Western understanding regarded as cognitive and formal logical) methods are inferior to ethical and social value orientations. Another finding is that Chinese authors tend to consider Confucian logic as part of dialogue, and dialogue is viewed as a means of moral education. Methodologically this finding leads the author to suggest that the Chinese-specific way of thinking, its philosophical culture, cannot be fully perceived by utilizing comparison with analogous concepts of Western philosophical thought. It would be equally beneficial to compare the conceptual framework of the Chinese philosophy of education with the concepts borrowed from Western philosophy.

На пути к подлинному языку философии: лингвистический поворот в русле интерпретаций М. Бахтина и М. Хайдеггера

The article, based on the philosophical concepts of M. Bakhtin and M. Heidegger, for the first time undertakes an experience of phenomenological entry into the problematics of the origins of the language of philosophy; for this purpose, the main paradigmatic features of divergence and similarities in the approaches of both phi-losophers are revealed, and the analysis of their views on the dialectics of monological and dialogical interpre-tation of the nature of language is presented; the necessity of an integrated approach to the interpretation of genre preferences of both thinkers (novel and poetry, respectively) is substantiated. This is what the novelty of the study resides in. In the author’s opinion, the possibility of realizing both tendencies concerning the life of language: centrifugal and centripetal (according to M. Bakhtin) – in the context of the phenomenological ap-proach – turns out to be conditioned by the existence of the natural environment of language, which, following M. Merleau-Ponty, can be appropriately called the “existential field” of communication. Any communication, be it dialog or polylogue, presupposes the presence of a certain degree of consent of its participants. Precisely in the presence of such consent, the word is able to realize itself, to be filled with meaning, to incarnate itself, to become a true “world event” in the conditions of the implementation of the principle of reversibility. The rele-vance of the present study for philosophy is due to the fact that in our time language has undergone significant changes due to the technologization and mediatization of the communication process, predetermining close attention to the natural environment of its existence.

Testing the working memory capacity of dialogue interpreters

AbstractAllocation and management of working memory resources are crucial for successful interpreting. A number of studies have found clear indications that simultaneous interpreters have larger working memory capacity, at least in some areas, than other bilinguals. To date, no studies have focused on the working memory of dialogue interpreters. The study reported in this paper investigated the main differences and similarities in working memory between experienced and inexperienced dialogue interpreters when it comes to central executive functions. We also compared experienced dialogue interpreters to experienced simultaneous conference interpreters. Fifteen dialogue interpreters with two working languages, Swedish and either French, Polish or Spanish, participated in the following working memory tests: tests for updating (2-back), inhibition (arrow flanker), attention-sharing, storage and processing (Barrouillet, letter span, matrix span, operation span). We found no significant differences between the experienced and inexperienced dialogue interpreters, and there were significant differences between the experienced dialogue interpreters and a comparison group of experienced simultaneous conference interpreters (n = 28). Although the number of participants is small, the study may serve as a baseline for future work on the cognition of dialogue interpreting.

The effect of speech-gesture asynchrony on the neural coupling of interlocutors in interpreter-mediated communication.

In everyday face-to-face communication, speakers use speech to transfer information and rely on co-occurring nonverbal cues, such as hand and facial gestures. The integration of speech and gestures facilitates both language comprehension and the skill of the theory of mind. Consecutive dialogue interpreting (DI) allows dyads of different linguistic backgrounds to communicate with each other. The interpreter interprets after the interlocutor has finished a turn, so the interlocutor watches the gesture first and hears the target language a few seconds later, resulting in speech-gesture asynchrony. In this study, we used the functional near-infrared spectroscopy hyperscanning technique to investigate the influence of speech-gesture asynchrony on different levels of communication. Twenty groups were recruited for the DI experiments. The results showed that when the interpreter performed consecutive interpreting, the time-lagged neural coupling at the temporoparietal junction decreased compared to simultaneous interpreting. It suggests that speech-gesture asynchrony significantly weakened the ability of interlocutors to understand each other's mental state, and the decreased neural coupling was significantly correlated with the interpreter's interpretation skill. In addition, the time-aligned neural coupling at the left inferior frontal gyrus increased, which suggests that, as compensation, the interlocutor's verbal working memory increases in line with the communication process.

FROM “EXHIBITION” TO “LABORATORY”: RETHINKING CURATORIAL PRACTICES THROUGH A DIGITAL EXPERIMENTAL PROJECT. THE CASE STUDY OF #DOLOMITESMUSEUM - LABORATORY OF STORIES

Digital curation is one of the most experimental areas of museum practice introduced by the digital revolution. A whole new generation of cultural experiences are emerging from the interaction with online spaces and social media platforms, encouraging museums to explore new curatorial approaches. In this paper, we will show how a digital experimental project led to the rethinking of the exhibition format into a more collaborative, interdisciplinary and laboratory approach to museum curation. The case study analysed is Laboratory of Stories, a dynamic participatory archive which was co-designed with a vibrant community of heritage professionals, local communities, and lovers of the Dolomites during a three-year project. An evaluation study combining different qualitative and quantitative methods was implemented to explore the nature of this curatorial practice. A series of key findings emerged from the study: the introduction of new narrative styles and interdisciplinary perspectives; the involvement of different communities in the curatorial process; the shift from a tangible, object-based, to a more intangible, open, and dialogic interpretation of heritage and of knowledge making. The findings show how the ‘laboratory’ metaphor can help museums to embrace the challenges of a participatory, post-digital society, suggesting a novel approach where the co-creation of narratives is at the heart of the curatorial practice.

FROM “EXHIBITION” TO “LABORATORY”: RETHINKING CURATORIAL PRACTICES THROUGH A DIGITAL EXPERIMENTAL PROJECT. THE CASE STUDY OF #DOLOMITESMUSEUM - LABORATORY OF STORIES

Digital curation is one of the most experimental areas of museum practice introduced by the digital revolution. A whole new generation of cultural experiences are emerging from the interaction with online spaces and social media platforms, encouraging museums to explore new curatorial approaches. In this paper, we will show how a digital experimental project led to the rethinking of the exhibition format into a more collaborative, interdisciplinary and laboratory approach to museum curation. The case study analysed is Laboratory of Stories, a dynamic participatory archive which was co-designed with a vibrant community of heritage professionals, local communities, and lovers of the Dolomites during a three-year project. An evaluation study combining different qualitative and quantitative methods was implemented to explore the nature of this curatorial practice. A series of key findings emerged from the study: the introduction of new narrative styles and interdisciplinary perspectives; the involvement of different communities in the curatorial process; the shift from a tangible, object-based, to a more intangible, open, and dialogic interpretation of heritage and of knowledge making. The findings show how the ‘laboratory’ metaphor can help museums to embrace the challenges of a participatory, post-digital society, suggesting a novel approach where the co-creation of narratives is at the heart of the curatorial practice.

Martha’s Dialogue with Jesus (John 11,21-27) in Light of the Psalms of Lament

First part of this paper is a study of the structure of Martha’s dialogue with Jesus (John 11,21-27) in comparison with the lament psalm (Ps 13) as proposed by G. O’Day. While the first part of the dialogue corresponds to the plea section of a lament psalm with the constituent elements of address, complaint, petition, and motivation (Jn 11,21-22), the second part mirrors the praise section of the psalm which consist of words of assurance and divine praise (Jn 11,23-27). The second part of the paper is a theological interpretation of the profound dialogue between Jesus and Martha. While the dialogue explains in advance the significance of the sign of raising Lazarus from the dead, it also highlights the progressive faith journey of Martha from the initial lament to the highest confession of faith in Jesus as the Messiah and the Son of God.