Practical Interpretation Research Articles

Laboratory visualization of damage asymmetry formation of rock fracture via acoustic emission and digital imaging correlation

Rock fracture mechanics and accurate characterization of rock fracture are crucial for understanding a variety of phenomena interested in geological engineering and geoscience. These phenomena range from very large-scale asymmetrical fault structures to the scale of engineering projects and laboratory-scale rock fracture tests. Comprehensive study can involve mechanical modeling, site or post-mortem investigations, and inspection on the point cloud of the source locations in the form of earthquake, micro-seismicity, or acoustic emission. This study presents a comprehensive data analysis on characterizing the forming of the asymmetrical damage zone around a laboratory mixed-mode rock fracture. We substantiate the presence of asymmetrical damage through qualitative analysis and demonstrate that measurement uncertainties cannot solely explain the observed asymmetry. The implications of this demonstration can be manifold. On a larger scale, it solidifies a mechanical model used for explaining the contribution of aseismic mechanisms to asymmetrical fault structures. On a laboratory scale, it exemplifies an alternative approach to understanding the observational difference between the source location and the in situ or post-mortem inspection on the rock fracture path. The mechanical model and the data analysis can be informative to the interpretations of other engineering practices as well, but may face different types of challenges.

»Denn Ich ist ein Anderer«

Rimbaud’s formulation in his Lettre du voyant to Paul Demeny, »Car Je est un autre,« which has become famous in German as »Denn Ich ist ein Anderer« [For I is an Other/For I is someone else] (Rimbaud 1997, 20–21) can, in its formulaic nature, be read as a motto for various practices which effect a dissociation between the addressee and the author of lyric texts. In this text, these dissociation processes are referred to as practices of dereferentialization. The first thesis of this article is that an ambiguization of the addressee reference – not only by means of epitextual authorial poetological statements according to the abovementioned reasoning, but indeed from within the texts themselves – can manifest itself as a strategy in poetry production which leads to a poem becoming ambiguous, that is, allowing for more possible interpretations and as a consequence acquiring a positive quality. That dereferentialization has also proved to be a strategy of literary reception (and more specifically within the practice of interpretation) whose goal is to secure a property that is considered constitutive of poetry forms the second thesis presented here. Both theses are based on the assumption that ambiguity is an axiological value within the social practice of ›lyric poetry‹. The article concludes with a discussion of whether the reception-side dereferentialization is sometimes performed too uncritically, with a view towards Till Lindemann’s Undank und Wenn du schläfst.

Semiotics in Qur'anic Interpretation: The Application of Semiotic Theory in the Tafsir of Jalalain, Ibn Kathir, and Al-Tabari on QS. An-Nur Verse 35

This study investigates methods of Qur'anic interpretation through a linguistic approach, with a focus on semantics and semiotics—both of which are essential for mufassirs (Qur'anic interpreters) in understanding Arabic. The primary objective is to explore how semiotic concepts are applied in interpreting the word نُور (Nuur, meaning "light") in verse 35 of Surah an-Nur. This research adopts a library-based content analysis with a qualitative descriptive approach. Semiotic theory is employed to examine the tafsir works of Jalalain, Ibn Kathir, Quraish Shihab, and al-Tabari. Semiotics, the study of signs and their meanings, reveals that these mufassirs have applied semiotic principles in their interpretations. In Tafsir Jalalain, Saussure’s semiotic theory is evident in the treatment of نُور, where the signifier represents meanings such as light, guidance, and Islam. In Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Roland Barthes’ semiotics is utilized, highlighting both the denotative and connotative meanings of the word. In Tafsir al-Tabari, Roman Jakobson’s communication model is applied, incorporating elements like sender, receiver, and message. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that semiotic concepts are widely integrated into the interpretative practices of mufassirs in their analysis of Qur'anic verses.

Peter Goodrich as I Imagine Him: The Man, the Mos, the Legendre

Goodrich’s law veers towards the invisible. Obsessed with images, his concerns are invariably with what cannot be seen. Detectable in his work is always a desire to see the invisible, to capture the articulation of immaterial principle, structure, and imaginal form. To witness an image, and acknowledge it as—at best—an entry point to the infinite depths, mobility, and power of an unseen realm. Across the corpus of his work, this relentless desire produces an emergent jurisprudence that interrogates the formation and appearance of the juristic itself, sought across a range of contexts, but always tracing the invisible movements of principle and doctrine and their dogmatic control that lurk beyond the surface of the text, the madnesses of legal desire and their symptomatic structures and traditions of reading. This paper, encountering and working solely within the archive of Goodrich’s published work, constructs for its reader an overview of my own imaginary form of the man himself, followed by an articulation of the traditions—the mos—of interpretive practices he and his work (if they are separable) can be imagined to excavate from law’s own archive of images, leading—irrefragably—to the Legendrean stage upon which Goodrich builds his jurisprudential show.

Unveiling subsurface heterogeneity in porous aquifers: Insights from hydrogeophysics and derivative analysis

Groundwater is a crucial resource, particularly in urban areas where the need for alternative water sources is rising. Securing groundwater resources is paramount, requiring a concentrated effort to assess these resources and mitigate the increasing water shortages in urban regions. Despite its significance, the application of hydrogeophysics and derivative analysis in understanding aquifer dynamics is often overlooked and underused. Consequently, this study argues that neglecting the integration of hydrogeophysics dataset and derivative analysis in aquifer characterization leads to developing models that lack solution-oriented approaches, hindering effective groundwater management. This study aimed to enhance understanding of aquifer dynamics for solution-based modeling while emphasizing the importance of integrating hydrogeophysics dataset and derivative analysis to highlight aquifer system heterogeneities. The electrical resistivity tomography and derivative analysis of pumping test were used in this study to image the subsurface and amplify aquifer flow regimes respectively. The results of the electrical resistivity survey revealed a distinct layer of fine to medium-grain sand at depths of approximately 60 m in certain areas intercalated with medium-to-coarse-grain sand and thin layers of peat. Derivative analysis plots indicated that the predominant flow regime is linear and bilinear, with evidence of fracture dewatering during pumping cycles suggesting an unconfined aquifer. Additionally, aquifer heterogeneity and a no-flow boundary were evident during the pumping cycle. This study underscores the efficacy of combining hydrogeophysics and derivative analysis of pumping tests as a robust approach for imaging and validating subsurface conditions. The implications of these findings extend beyond the specific case study, offering valuable insights for groundwater utilization, monitoring, and management on a broader scale. By elucidating effective methodologies, this research enhances groundwater security and meets the escalating demand for sustainable water sources in urban areas. In conclusion, electrical resistivity tomography is an effective tool for characterizing subsurface aquifer systems, while derivative analysis of pumping tests is crucial for highlighting aquifer system heterogeneities. These methods offer a more practical interpretation compared to traditional drawdown versus time curve approaches, making the results invaluable for groundwater usage monitoring and management.

The statistical significance revolution.

Statistical significance has long relied on the criterion of P less than or equal to .05. Although this threshold has generally functioned well, it has engendered some negative practices to circumvent it and been criticized as too inflexible. We concur with the statisticians and methodologists who are currently arguing for more flexibility to the P value and more reliance on the 95% confidence interval, a shift that is likely to change future practice in data analysis and interpretation for oncology.

Стандарт доказывания в уголовном процессе в контексте расследования высокодоходных преступлений (сравнительно-правовой аспект)

The article considers approaches to the legislative regulation of the standard of proof in criminal proceedings and its practical interpretation in Russia and abroad (in particular, in England, Germany, the USA and France). The author finds that the standard of proof of guilt in domestic criminal proceedings, which requires that all irremovable doubts be resolved in favour of the accused (article 14 (3) of the CPC of the RF), significantly expands the constitutional prescription, which lacks any indication of the necessity of such an evaluation of all (!) irremovable doubts (article 49 of the Constitution of the RF). At the same time, the law does not offer any additional criteria that could help to assess such doubts. Such an approach severely limits the possibilities of proof in complex criminal cases (especially high-profit crimes), where some doubts may always remain, and does not allow for a proper assessment of circumstantial evidence.

Blood Biomarkers for the Management of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Clinical Practice.

Despite the use of validated guidelines in the management of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), processes to limit unnecessary brain scans are still not sufficient and need to be improved. The use of blood biomarkers represents a relevant adjunct to identify patients at risk for intracranial injury requiring computed tomography (CT) scan. Biomarkers currently recommended in the management of mTBI in adults and children are discussed in this review. Protein S100 beta (S100B) is the best-documented blood biomarker due to its validation in large observational and interventional studies. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ubiquitin carboxyterminal hydrolase L-1 (UCH-L1) have also recently demonstrated their usefulness in patients with mTBI. Preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical performance are presented to aid in their interpretation in clinical practice. Finally, new perspectives on biomarkers and mTBI are discussed. In adults, the inclusion of S100B in Scandinavian and French guidelines has reduced the need for CT scans by at least 30%. S100B has significant potential as a diagnostic biomarker, but limitations include its rapid half-life, which requires blood collection within 3 h of trauma, and its lack of neurospecificity. In 2018, the FDA approved the use of combined determination of GFAP and UCH-L1 to aid in the assessment of mTBI. Since 2022, new French guidelines also recommend the determination of GFAP and UCH-L1 in order to target a larger number of patients (sampling within 12 h post-injury) and optimize the reduction of CT scans. In the future, new cut-offs related to age and promising new biomarkers are expected for both diagnostic and prognostic applications.

Модернизация судебной практики применения законодательства, регламентирующего особенности уголовной ответственности и наказания несовершеннолетних

The article examines the consequences of the hasty modernization of judicial practice in the application of legislation regulating the peculiarities of criminal responsibility and punishment of minors. The author suggests measures aimed at eliminating the shortcomings of the said modernization. Among these measures are the use in interpretative practice of the results of scientific research, confirmed by analytical information on law enforcement activities, as well as a thorough and competent study of the formulated interpretative provisions, which a) will not allow their ambiguity, b) will provide disclosure of the content of legal norms, clarify it, c) will help answer questions about competition between legal norms, d) will contribute to the formation of a unified judicial practice, economy of repression.

Molecular Biomarkers of Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Practical Guide to Their Appropriate Use and Interpretation in Clinical Practice.

Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) represent a group of different diseases characterized by the progressive degeneration and death of the nervous system's cells. The diagnosis is challenging, especially in the early stages, due to no specific clinical signs and symptoms. In this context, laboratory medicine could support clinicians in detecting and differentiating NDs. Indeed, biomarkers could indicate the pathological mechanisms underpinning NDs. The ideal biofluid for detecting the biomarkers of NDs is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which has limitations, hampering its widespread use in clinical practice. However, intensive efforts are underway to introduce high-sensitivity analytical methods to detect ND biomarkers in alternative nonivasive biofluid, such as blood or saliva. This study presents an overview of the ND molecular biomarkers currently used in clinical practice. For some diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease or multiple sclerosis, biomarkers are well established and recommended by guidelines. However, for most NDs, intensive research is ongoing to identify reliable and specific biomarkers, and no consensus has yet been achieved.

The Hungarian State’s Good Catholic Pastor: Reading Foucault’s Provocations on Christian Institutions and Governmentality

ABSTRACT Given Michel Foucault’s immense influence on anthropology, assessing his account of pastoral power is an inescapable task for anthropologists who aim to make ‘pastors and priests’ into distinct objects of ethnographic inquiry. I develop a variation on this Special Issue’s theme by returning to Foucault’s Security, Territory, Population and Omnes et Singulatim, and also the essay, ‘The Subject and Power’ to consider what Foucault had to say about pastoral institutions within the genealogy of pastoral power outlined in these works. In the first two sections, I propose taking up a speculative and associational mien in response to Foucault’s provocative claims about the declining vitality of pastoral institutions in the modern West. In the third section, I sketch out how the questions generated through this interpretive practice can help frame an ethnographic inquiry towards understanding the problems and purposes cultural professionals embrace and develop through their involvement in a Hungarian government-funded effort to canonise ‘Transylvania’s good pastor’, the deceased bishop a Catholic archdiocese in Romania, Márton Áron (1896–1980). In the conclusion, I identify the contemporary politics of Catholic memory in the wake of the Second Vatican Council as a blind spot in Foucault’s work, a lacuna akin to his lack of analytical interest in other major twentieth-century political trends.

Three Trajectories in Nineteenth-Century Anglican Biblical Interpretation: From Narrow to Broad

Abstract Contemporary studies of Anglican biblical interpretation in the nineteenth century are scant. Those that do exist tend to paint the biblical interpretation of the period as unidimensional and flat. This paper highlights diverse ways the Bible was interpreted by Anglicans in the nineteenth century by looking at the writings of Charles Simeon, Benjamin Jowett, and Christina Rossetti. Each has interesting and distinct ways of approaching the Bible. The paper analyzes their interpretive practices before tracing them to the present and drawing out significant historical themes in each.

Laboratory Course Using Zebrafish to Uncover Changing Roles of Wnt Signaling in Early Vertebrate Development.

Coordinated signaling pathway activity directs early patterning to set up the vertebrate body plan. Perturbations in the timing or location of signal molecule expression impacts embryo morphology and organ formation. In this study, we present a laboratory course to use zebrafish for studying the role of Wnt signaling in specifying the early embryonic axes. Students are exposed to basic techniques in molecular and developmental biology, including embryo manipulation, fluorescence microscopy, image processing, and data analysis. Furthermore, this course incorporates student-designed experiments to stimulate independent inquiry and improve scientific learning, providing an experience resembling graduate-level laboratory research. Students appreciated following vertebrate development in real-time, and principles of embryogenesis were reinforced by observing the morphological changes that arise due to signaling alterations. Scientific and research skills were enhanced through practice in experimental design, interpretation, and presentation.

Kaplan-Meier Survival Analysis: Practical Insights for Clinicians.

This article aims to provide a guide that will help healthcare professionals and clinical researchers from all fields that deal with Kaplan-Meier curves. Survival analysis methods are among the most frequently used in the medical sciences and in clinical research. Overall survival, progression free survival, time to recurrence, or any other clinically relevant parameter represented by a Kaplan-Meier curve will be discussed. We will present a practical and straightforward interpretation of these curves, setting aside intricate mathematical considerations. Our focus will be on essential concepts that interface with biological sciences and medicine in order to guarantee proficiency in one of the most popular yet frequently misunderstood methods in clinical research. Being familiar with these concepts is not only essential for designing new clinical studies but also for critically assessing and interpreting published data.

Conditions for liability of the airport’s in connection with public intervention carried out on the basis of setting increased technical requirements for existing buildings and newly designed buildings in the RUAs

On the basis of the application of article 129 section 2 in connection with article 136 section 3 of the Environmental Protection Act there is a noticeable erroneous interpretative practice of the courts in assuming that compensation covers not only the costs related to material expenditure incurred to improve acoustics, but also costs that were not incurred (forecast costs). In practice, this also applies to those RUAs in which environmental quality standards have not been exceeded and no increased technical requirements have been established for residential buildings. This leads to compensation beyond the scope of legal damage, which results in ineffectiveness of intervention implemented in real estate markets around airports.This situation justifies undertaking research that will result in sorting out the conditions for airport liability and presenting the correct scope of compensation for the analyzed legal damage.

Methodological and analytical basis of construction enterprises in the cycle of public-private partnership projects

Public-private partnership (PPP) is a strategically important management tool that allows the state and the private sector to jointly implement projects in various fields, such as infrastructure, health care, education, and others, to promote economic development. However, the successful implementation of PPP requires a clear understanding of the basic definitions and concepts underlying it. This research work is devoted to working out the content of basic definitions in the context of the establishment and development of PPPs. It examines the main terms, such as "public-private partnership", "public-private partnership", "infrastructure projects" and others, including their definition, essence and role in the formation of an effective model of cooperation between the state and the private sector. The conducted research is based on the analysis of scientific literature, legal acts and practical experience of PPP implementation in different countries of the world. It is aimed at revealing the essence and meaning of each of the definitions, highlighting the key aspects that affect their interpretation and use in practice. In addition, the work draws attention to the evolution of concepts and terms in the context of the establishment and development of PPPs over time. Taking into account the dynamics of the global market and changing economic conditions, the work analyzes the impact of new factors on the understanding and use of basic definitions in PPP practice.The main results of the study provide a clear and concrete understanding of the basic definitions of PPPs, which will contribute to improving the quality of planning, implementation and management of PPP projects. In addition, they can become the basis for further research in this area, including the development of new theoretical models and methods for assessing the effectiveness of PPPs.All this indicates the relevance of the topic and the importance of further research in order to improve PPP practice and promote sustainable economic development .

Learning to view golfing bodies: developing professional vision through video analysis and embodied reenactments

ABSTRACT Inspired by recent research that investigates how coaches interpret performance through the support of video tools and analysis, this article explores how the embodied reenactments of a golf coach shape their student’s interpretation of golfing bodies. More specifically, this research investigates a pedagogical encounter a Professional Golf Association (PGA) coach has with their golf student while engaging in collective in-the-moment video analysis of their student’s performance. Using Goodwin’s (1994) notion of professional vision, this article shows how a golf coach’s embodied methods attune their student’s observation of golfing practices to modern and standard methods for viewing and analyzing golfing bodies. I leverage interaction analysis to unearth and interpret the embodied and interactional nature of their pedagogical encounter, and to better understand how the golf coach’s reenactments shape their student’s professional vision. This research suggests that the body is a fundamental element in teaching and developing professional vision in athletic and performance-based contexts, and provides an avenue for better understanding how coaches, and experts in other professional settings, can apprentice novices’ interpretation and professional vision of practices.

Polygenic Indices (a.k.a. Polygenic Scores) in Social Science: A Guide for Interpretation and Evaluation.

Polygenic indices (PGI)-the new recommended label for polygenic scores (PGS) in social science-are genetic summary scales often used to represent an individual's liability for a disease, trait, or behavior based on the additive effects of measured genetic variants. Enthusiasm for linking genetic data with social outcomes and the inclusion of premade PGIs in social science datasets have facilitated increased uptake of PGIs in social science research-a trend that will likely continue. Yet, most social scientists lack the expertise to interpret and evaluate PGIs in social science research. Here, we provide a primer on PGIs for social scientists focusing on key concepts, unique statistical genetic considerations, and best practices in calculation, estimation, reporting, and interpretation. We summarize our recommended best practices as a checklist to aid social scientists in evaluating and interpreting studies with PGIs. We conclude by discussing the similarities between PGIs and standard social science scales and unique interpretative considerations.

Classical Pentecostals’ literalist reading of the Bible: Challenges and solutions

The study’s setting is South African classical Pentecostals’ use of hermeneutics that became aligned with conservative Evangelicals’ fundamentalist practices since the 1940s. It addresses the lack within Pentecostal scholarship to relate some Pentecostal excesses and related abuses, such as the prosperity message, to the movements’ common literalist-biblicist hermeneutics Bible reading practices. It argues that an alternative hermeneutic to their hermeneutics true to the movement’s original ethos can protect them from such excesses. The study utilises a comparative literature analysis without any empirical research methods. The article developed a scholarly founded Pentecostal hermeneutical model by emphasising three propria: that the Holy Spirit is central in reading the Bible, the influence of an eschatological perspective to establish interpretation practices, and the faith community as normative for interpretation reflects the unique Pentecostal ethos. To be sound as Pentecostal hermeneutics, its charismatic experiences become exemplary for interpretation practices regulated by the faith community.Contribution: The research contributes to the current Pentecostal discussion about the diversity of hermeneutical practices within the movement and the challenges and dangers some of these practices hold for the reputation and prestige of the movement.

The Good, The Bad, and the Balanced: A Typology of State Merit-Aid Programs for Community College Students

Objective/Research Question: States have increasingly used merit-based criteria to distribute scholarships and grants, and the dominant conversation on merit-aid programs centers on students attending 4-year colleges and universities. This study examines the characteristics of state-funded merit-aid programs for community college students and provides implications for policymaking to promote educational equity. Methods: With a newly collected dataset capturing a variety of program-level features of state-funded merit-aid policies between 2003 and 2021, we used latent class analysis to identify different types of merit-aid programs for community college students. We present a 3-class model based on model fit indices and practical interpretation of policy designs. Results: Findings indicate three classes of merit-aid programs that extended support to community college students: The Community College Marginalizing Programs ( n = 47), The Community College Targeted Programs ( n = 4), and The Balanced Programs ( n = 17). Conclusions/Contributions: Drawing on Mettler’s notion of the policyscape, we discuss the characteristics of the three types of merit-aid programs and provide implications for designing merit-aid programs to better support community college students and promote educational equity.