Unveiling subsurface heterogeneity in porous aquifers: Insights from hydrogeophysics and derivative analysis

Abstract

Groundwater is a crucial resource, particularly in urban areas where the need for alternative water sources is rising. Securing groundwater resources is paramount, requiring a concentrated effort to assess these resources and mitigate the increasing water shortages in urban regions. Despite its significance, the application of hydrogeophysics and derivative analysis in understanding aquifer dynamics is often overlooked and underused. Consequently, this study argues that neglecting the integration of hydrogeophysics dataset and derivative analysis in aquifer characterization leads to developing models that lack solution-oriented approaches, hindering effective groundwater management. This study aimed to enhance understanding of aquifer dynamics for solution-based modeling while emphasizing the importance of integrating hydrogeophysics dataset and derivative analysis to highlight aquifer system heterogeneities. The electrical resistivity tomography and derivative analysis of pumping test were used in this study to image the subsurface and amplify aquifer flow regimes respectively. The results of the electrical resistivity survey revealed a distinct layer of fine to medium-grain sand at depths of approximately 60 m in certain areas intercalated with medium-to-coarse-grain sand and thin layers of peat. Derivative analysis plots indicated that the predominant flow regime is linear and bilinear, with evidence of fracture dewatering during pumping cycles suggesting an unconfined aquifer. Additionally, aquifer heterogeneity and a no-flow boundary were evident during the pumping cycle. This study underscores the efficacy of combining hydrogeophysics and derivative analysis of pumping tests as a robust approach for imaging and validating subsurface conditions. The implications of these findings extend beyond the specific case study, offering valuable insights for groundwater utilization, monitoring, and management on a broader scale. By elucidating effective methodologies, this research enhances groundwater security and meets the escalating demand for sustainable water sources in urban areas. In conclusion, electrical resistivity tomography is an effective tool for characterizing subsurface aquifer systems, while derivative analysis of pumping tests is crucial for highlighting aquifer system heterogeneities. These methods offer a more practical interpretation compared to traditional drawdown versus time curve approaches, making the results invaluable for groundwater usage monitoring and management.