Interpersonal Style Research Articles

What Kind of Interpersonal Need-Supportive or Need-Thwarting Teaching Style Is More Associated With Positive Consequences in Physical Education?

Purpose: Based on a multilevel approach (individual and class level), this study aimed to test which need-supportive/thwarting teaching styles were more closely associated with students’ motivation and other positive physical education (PE) out-of-school consequences. Method: Participants were 654 primary (n = 385) and secondary (n = 269) PE students (Mage = 11.96 ± 1.95; boys = 317 and girls = 337). Results: The three need-supportive teaching behaviors were related to autonomous motivation, PE importance and usefulness, and the intentions to practice physical activity at the individual level; the role of competence support at both individual and class levels is highlighted. Competence-thwarting style was also negatively related to autonomous motivation at both levels, and jointly to relatedness-thwarting behaviors positively to a motivation at the individual level. Conclusion: Our results provide insight into how the specific type of interpersonal styles adopted by teachers can be decisive to achieve positive PE outcomes in and out of school.

The role of politeness in human–machine interactions: a systematic literature review and future perspectives

The growing prevalence of interactions between humans and machines, coupled with the rapid development of intelligent and human-like features in technology, necessitates considering the potential implications that an increasingly inter-personal interaction style might have on human behavior. Particularly, since human–human interactions are fundamentally affected by politeness rules, several researchers are investigating if such social norms have some implications also within human–machine interactions. This paper reviews scientific works dealing with politeness issues within human–machine interactions by considering a variety of artificial intelligence systems, such as smart devices, robots, digital assistants, and self-driving cars. This paper aims to analyze scientific results to answer the questions of why technological devices should behave politely toward humans, but above all, why human beings should be polite toward a technological device. As a result of the analysis, this paper wants to outline future research directions for the design of more effective, socially competent, acceptable, and trustworthy intelligent systems.

Deciphering factors that make a narcissistically loved salon brand

PurposeThis research is conducted in the context of beauty salons in India, to investigate how enhanced perceived acceptance in interpersonal relationships through consuming beauty salon services can generate narcissistic brand love among consumers via the mediation of brand happiness. It also investigates the moderating impact of consumer's anxious interpersonal attachment style and cynicism on the relationship between perceived salon brand-interpersonal acceptance goal congruence and salon brand happiness.Design/methodology/approachTo test the hypothesized relationships, a survey was conducted among 225 regular consumers of beauty salon brands. The data were analyzed using Hayes' (2017) process macro in SPSS.FindingsThe results suggest that perceived goal congruence between beauty salon brand-interpersonal acceptance positively influences brand happiness, which in turn predicts consumer's narcissistic brand love. Consumer's anxious interpersonal attachment style positively moderates the effect of brand-interpersonal acceptance goal congruence on brand happiness, while cynicism negatively moderates the path.Originality/valueValue of the study lies in extending interpersonal acceptance and rejection (IPAR) theory to the domain of consumer–salon brand relationship, to posit that if salon brands satisfy consumers' interpersonal acceptance goals, there is a potential for such happy consumers to love the salon brand, albeit narcissistically.

The Relationship between Professors’ Motivation and Interpersonal Behaviour Styles in the Classroom, and Course Evaluations

Professors create a positive learning environment for students through their interpersonal behaviour style in the classroom. High quality interpersonal interactions are associated with a number of positive student outcomes such as increased motivation, effort, learning, satisfaction, and higher ratings on formal student evaluations of teaching (SETs). This study tested a Self-Determination Theory model in a university setting by measuring the association between professors’ reported psychological need satisfaction, teaching motivation, and self-reported supportive interpersonal behaviour styles, exploring how these variables related to SETs. Overall, we found support for the model; all relationships were significant and in the expected direction except that reported autonomy and competence supportive behaviours did not relate to SETs. From this, we can conclude that relatedness support is important to the student experience and that professors who engage in relatedness supportive interpersonal behaviours are also positively evaluated by their students.

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE LEADERSHIP STYLES OF ICE HOCKEY ACADEMY COACHES

Leadership style is an essential component of the effectiveness of the coach's work. There are three styles of coaches generally accepted in sports: dictatorial, democratic and negligent. Each of these styles has its own advantages and disadvantages, which is why it is important to understand each of them. Purpose of the study.The purpose of this research was to determine, by means of an applied questionnaire, to what extent coaches use leadership styles and their impact within a sports organization. Methods and means. To carry out this study, the questionnaire-based survey method was used - The Coaches' Interpersonal Style Questionnaire (Pulido et al., 2018). It included 10 questions with reference to the leadership style of the coaches. The questionnaire measured 3 forms of leadership style – democratic, authoritarian and negligent. The collected data were measured using a 5-item Likert scale represented by the numbers 1 – never, and 5 – frequently/always. Results. The comparative graphic clearly shows an absolute dominance of the democratic style in each center, in the dictatorial style there is a predominantly significant difference between clubs, and the negligent style is used less often or never. Conclusions. In general, the coaches have understood the modern trends and that is why the democratic leadership style prevails, managing to involve even very young athletes in decision-making, which also implies responsibility for both parties.

Psychosocial Care Needs, Personality Styles, and Coping Strategies of Mourners in a Rural Municipality in Spain: An Observational Study.

Grieving is a natural, self-limiting process of adaptation to a new reality following a significant loss, either real or perceived, with a wide range of manifestations that have an impact on the health of the grieving individual. This study aims to analyse the relationships between interpersonal styles, coping strategies, and psychosocial care needs in a sample of mourners in a rural municipality. Initial hypothesis: there are associations between types of grief and psychosocial needs, as well as between types of grief and interpersonal styles or coping strategies. An observational, descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 123 people. Female participants represented 64.2% of all participants. The mean age was 42.7 (±13.2) years, and 86.2% of participants reported continuing to suffer from the loss, with a 10.5% prevalence of maladaptive grieving. Regarding the associations identified between coping strategies and the interpersonal characteristics of the mourners, we found that those with the best coping scores described themselves as self-confident, boastful, jovial, forceful, gentle-hearted, self-assured, outgoing, and/or neighbourly. By contrast, mourners who obtained poorer coping scores self-identified as shy, unsparkling, timid, unsociable, unbold, and/or bashful. This provides a clinical profile linked to maladaptive grieving in which emotional, self-perception, and social problems are prevalent.

Attachment Anxiety and Interpersonal Relationship Styles: The Mediating Role of Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions

Attachment Anxiety and Interpersonal Relationship Styles: The Mediating Role of Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions

Prediction of the adherence to sports practice of young Ecuadorians based on the perception of the coach's interpersonal style.

Based on the framework of the self-determination theory, the present study aimed to test a predictive model in the Ecuadorian sports context by using autonomy support as a trigger, which was mediated by basic psychological needs and later by autonomous motivation. This procedure was used to predict the intention to be physically active and was carried out on 280 athletes from the province of Azuay (Ecuador) aged between 12 and 20 years (M = 15.28; SD = 1.71). Different scales were used to measure the perception of the interpersonal style of autonomy supported by the coach. The scales employed included the degree of satisfaction of basic psychological needs, motivation to practice sports, and intention to be physically active. A structural equation analysis revealed that perceived autonomy support positively predicted basic psychological needs, which in turn positively predicted autonomous motivation and, as a result, the athletes' intentions to be physically active. It was concluded that coaches' support for the interpersonal style of autonomy can benefit the development of basic psychological needs as well as autonomous motivation, which in turn can increase young athletes' intentions to be physically active. Future research is also recommended to verify this predictive model and to encourage further experimental studies in which coaches promote autonomy support for athletes intending to increase their adherence to practising sports.

The funnier, the happier? The interplay between interpersonal humor styles on mental health via gratitude

According to Martin’s taxonomy (2003), affiliative and aggressive humor are the two humor styles with an interpersonal focus. Many studies have demonstrated the mental health benefits of affiliative humor, whereas less consensus has been reached on aggressive humor. Focusing on the question “when and why aggressive humor would be related to mental health”, the current study proposed that the association of aggressive humor and mental health could be mediated by gratitude and moderated by affiliative humor. The proposals were tested in a large multi-university student sample (N = 4775, Mage = 20.37) in China, showing that trait gratitude mediated the negative relationship between aggressive humor and subjective happiness and the positive relationship between aggressive humor and depression. More importantly, this effect was less substantial for those who endorse a greater (vs. lesser) affiliative humor style. Implications of gratitude as a potential mechanism in explaining the mental health correlates of aggressive humor and the interplay of interpersonal humor styles are discussed.

Interpersonal Attachment Styles and Body Dysmorphic Symptoms in Adolescent Girls: The Mediating Role of Body Image.

Body dysmorphic symptoms are one of the most common problems in adolescent girls. The experience of security or insecurity in childhood attachment can be one of the most important fundamental factors affecting the body image and, consequently, body dysmorphic symptoms. However, the mediator role of the body image in the relationship between body dysmorphic and interpersonal attachment styles has not been studied in previous researches. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of body image in the relationship between interpersonal attachment styles and body dysmorphic symptoms. In a cross-sectional research, 250 adolescent girls from Baqer al-Uloom School in Tabriz, were selected by convenient sampling method. Then, The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales (MBSRQ-AS), Body Dysmorphic Metacognitive Questionnaire (BDMCQ) and Collins and Reid's Attachment Styles Scale (RAAS) were used to data collection. The findings showed ambivalent attachment style was positively related to body image (β=-0.91, p<0.01) The direct effect of ambivalent attachment style on body dysmorphic symptom is significant (β=0.76, p<0.01). The pathway between body image and body dysmorphic symptom is negatively significant (β= -0.75, p<0.01). Also, the hypothesized model has an acceptable goodness-of-fit. Based on the results, it can be said that in interventions, it is necessary to pay attention to the important role of interpersonal attachment styles and body image in body dysmorphic symptoms.

Social Odour Perception and Stress Responses in Women's Quality of Partner Relationship and Attachment Style.

The perception of body and social odours (SOP) is crucial for interpersonal chemosensory signalling and mate choice, yet little is known about the role of the SOP on the quality of partnerships and the attachment style. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the SOP in women's stress responses by considering the role of biopsychosocial variables in the quality of interpersonal relationships (also considering intimate partner violence). In total, 253 women filled out an online survey that included a series of questionnaires to investigate self-perceived stress (PSS), emotional regulation (ERQ), olfactory social assessment (SOS), quality of partnership (RRQ), attachment style (RQ), and the Conflict Tactile Scale 2 (CTS-2). The main results highlight that a high awareness of social odours correlates with a good quality of relationship and with an emotional regulation capacity; the PSS correlates negatively with the ERQ (i.e., as the PSS increases, the ERQ decreases). The level of IPV predicts an interpersonal style characterized by a low desire to develop meaningful relationships but with a tendency to depend on and trust another. The idea of being hurt by the other is not central in women who experience this type of relationship. The study's main conclusion is that social odour perception is important for emotional regulation and in partner relationships.

Numbers Don’t Lie: Male vs Female Leadership in the United States

This paper addresses gender differences and females’ leadership in the United States as represented by holding top-management positions such as top executive jobs at Fortune 500 or Fortune 1000 U.S. companies. In this paper, I argue that women are still under-represented in top-management because of the glass ceiling phenomenon and gender discrimination. However, more women are pursuing higher education; which was found to help individuals become more successful leaders. In addition, female managers tend to follow transformational and interpersonal styles of leadership which are desirable in today’s business environment. Education and the style of leadership which women follow can help female managers reach top-management positions.

Motivation of High School Teachers, and its Effects on their Level of Performance and Turn-Over Rate

Teachers’ motivation engenders both the desire to teach and one’s interpersonal style toward students. A teacher’s personal motivation revolves around the extent of psychological needs satisfaction experienced during the teaching, and it manifests itself in terms of teachers’ enthusiasm and job satisfaction. The study assessed teachers’ motivation, performance, and perception of turnover factors. The researcher used the survey and correlational designs. Based on the findings, most high school teachers are intrinsically motivated, while their motivation is minimal. This is a positive sign that most will readily respond to management efforts to motivate them. In addition, teachers’ performance can be greatly enhanced by diligent planning, clearly drawn objectives, and guided procedures that lead students to the desired results, the real evidence of overall intellectual development. Moreover, Laguna High School Teachers largely ‘agreed’ that the decision to quit or to stay on the job highly depends on the turnover factors: environment, fit, compensation, leadership, evaluation, and mentoring. It was recommended that since intrinsic motivation is high and amotivation is low among Laguna High School Teachers’, it is recommended that recruiters should watch out for these elements during job interviews. A more immediate post-recruitment focus should be placed on the turnover factors, a safe work environment, commensurate compensation, good leadership, job fit, retirement benefits, and a standardized evaluation framework. These could be occasionally tweaked for the optimal mix.

Motivational Antecedents of Young Players’ Intentions to Drop Out of Football during a Season

Grounded in self-determination theory (SDT), the major aim of this study was to examine the social, environmental, and motivational predictors of adolescent football players’ intentions to drop out of their sport over the course of a season. Participants were 552 players (Mage = 11.23, SD = 1.14). A longitudinal model was tested which hypothesized changes in the coach’s interpersonal style (autonomy supportive, controlling) perceived by the players to predict changes in the players’ motivation (autonomous, controlled and amotivation) which subsequently predicted changes in their intentions to drop out at the season’s end. The results of the longitudinal path analysis presented an adequate fit to the data. Consistent with SDT, findings suggest that increases in autonomy-supportive coaching is promotive of increases in players’ autonomous motivation, which negatively predicted dropout intentions. Over time, more perceived controlling coaching behaviors positively predicted higher levels of controlled motivation and amotivation, with positive changes in the latter corresponding to stronger intentions to dropout.

Interpersonal Communication Style and Personal and Professional Growth among Saudi Arabian Employees

This study explored the association of interpersonal communication style (ICS) with personal and professional growth among Saudi Arabians in the context of the work environment. It was hypothesized that different ICSs are differently associated with personal and professional growth. The participants were 143 Saudi Arabian adults, including members of both genders, who were employed, with varying incomes, and who had different education levels. The participants completed a self-report survey, assessing their ICS and their personal and professional growth in an employment context. Consistent with the hypothesis, the results indicated that different ICSs are differently associated with personal and professional growth. The controlling ICS had the strongest relationship to professional and personal growth, whereas the dynamic ICS had the weakest relationship to professional and personal growth. In the Discussion, we address the limitations of the study and identify several directions for future research, with specific reference to the Saudi Arabian cultural context.

The relationship of social media addiction with interpersonal problem-solving and personality traits in university students

This study aims to examine the relationship of social media addiction with personality traits and interpersonal problem-solving style. Two hundred forty-four students participated in this cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic form, Social Media Addiction Scale, Short-Form Five Factor Personality Inventory, and Interpersonal Problem-Solving Inventory were used to collect the study's data. According to the result of analysis, it was determined that the agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to improvement personality trait scores increased as the social media addiction score increased. As the scores of approaching problems in a negative way, unwillingness to take responsibility, and lack of self-confidence increased, it was observed that social media addiction scores were increased. It was determined as constructive problem-solving and insistent-preserving approach scores increased, social media addiction scores decreased. This study would contribute to the literature by introducing a new concept to the factors affecting social media addiction.

The Effect of ISBAR Tool on Patient Safety

Ineffective communication among healthcare professionals can result in a decrease in patient safety. It is a leading cause of medical errors and poor patient outcomes. This can be due to the complexity and pace of the interactions, differences in education and training, the organizational hierarchy of the professionals, and human factors such as cognitive overload, the effects of stress, fatigue, distractions, and poor interpersonal communication styles. Leaders must place value on communication. Having a standardized tool for communicating about patients is essential to the delivery of high-quality care. ISBAR is a structured method of communication that allows the person giving the handover (transmitter) and the person receiving it (receiver) to do so in a standardized &amp;amp; predictable manner. By implementing educational training on the ISBAR tool, staff at a surgery hospital are expected to have increased awareness of how they are communicating. Pre- and post-training questionnaires will be utilized, along with trends of patient outcomes. The ISBAR training should result in more effective communication and better patient outcomes. Using Argyle’s cycle of communication theory as a framework, the key elements of effective communication will be examined and how this relates to patient safety, and how using a standardized tool can improve patient outcomes.

“Why so serious?”. The role of interpersonal conflict management styles in affiliative humour

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to examine how affiliative humour, which can bedefined as a positive humour style focusing on enhancing connections, is associated with collaborating, compromising, and avoiding conflict management styles in organisations. Study design. An online survey was conducted following the convenience sampling method to test the proposed hypotheses. The sample consisted of 257 teachers working at public schools in Adana, who are master’s degree students in Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Turkey. Exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were conducted in line with the research goals. Findings. As a result, affiliative humour was found to be significantly correlated with compromising and collaborating. Nonetheless, avoiding was found to have no significant relationship with affiliative humour. Compromising was the only significant variable in the regression model, which explaineda limited variance in affiliative humour. Implications for practice. Managers may deliberately tend to “produce” humour to benefit from it in conflicting situations. Nonetheless, managerial control for theuse of humour does not guarantee the expected productivity. Therefore, employees may be advised to acknowledge the benefits of positive humour styles — in case of this study, affiliative humour — inmanaging interpersonal conflicts. Value of the results. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, a limited number of studies exist focusing directly on the association between affiliative humour and interpersonal conflict. Hence, the results are considered to fill the gap in the literature by clarifying that compromisingis the only conflict management style that has a positive impact on affiliative humour.

The influence of psychological characteristics on managers efficiency within medical institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of the activity of medical managers, the social and psychological climate within teams, and interpersonal relations. The goal of the study was to investigate the interpersonal interaction styles and intragroup relations between team members and managers, as well as to determine the impact of managers' psycho-emotional characteristics on their effectiveness during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 158 medical workers participated in the study, which was conducted in 2021 using a self-developed questionnaire. The expert evaluation method and standardized psychodiagnostic methods were used. We identified negative factors that affected the management of medical institutions during the pandemic, such as deficiencies in material and economic support, low levels of managerial competence, violation of collegiality and fairness principles during duties and rewards distribution, and deficiencies in manager recruitment. The most psychologically challenging aspects of managing or working in a medical facility during a pandemic include excessive emotional tension and stress, high levels of responsibility, lack of management experience and/or competence in crisis conditions, physical overload, work outside of working hours, and lack of adequate rest. A mini-personality profile of the effective manager of medical institutions in pandemic conditions was developed. One of the psychological regularities of a manager's performance identified is the presence of self-regulative skills in negative emotional states, pronounced activity and energy, mobility, and a strong desire for action.

Supervisi Kepala Sekolah Kepada Guru Dan Tenaga Kependidikan Melalui Gaya Komunikasi Yang Baik Di Madrasah

Supervision is an important instrument insupporting theachievementof educational goals. Supervision or supervision carried out at the madrasah level is the responsibility of a madrasah head. The communication style of the head of the madrasah when supervising education personnel has an impact on improving the performance of education staff. This article discusses the communication style of the head of the madrasah in supervising education personnel. Supervise the head of the madrasah how his efforts are in optimizing the potential of existing educators. This discussion is the result of research conducted. Qualitative research with results showing that the supervision model carried out by the head of the madrasah when supervising teachers with interpersonal communication style carried out by the head of the madrasah is able to motivate teachers and education staff to develop their capacity. Where the head of the madrasah observes directly the ongoing learning process in the supervised classroom while approaching it with an interpersonal communication style. This is done so that the head of the madrasah knows the readiness and preparation of teachers in the learning process. From here the head of the madrasah will follow up as needed to optimize the potential of teachers and education staff respectively.