Development Of Interpersonal Relationships Research Articles

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The article discusses the emergence and development of interpersonal relationships between athletes and adolescents. It is emphasized that sports are important not only for the health of teenagers, but also for the establishment of long-term friendships. The article states that friendship should not be viewed as a stable situation. Friendly relationships should be viewed as a process. Which is also related to the problem of self-awareness and understanding of the other. Therefore, coaches and parents must properly guide the interactions between athletes and adolescents.

Opis, analiza in vrednotenje teorije medosebnih odnosov Hildegard E. Peplau v pediatrični zdravstveni negi

Uvod: Temeljne značilnosti pediatrične zdravstvene nege so najboljša skrb za otroka, vzdrževanje integritete družine in otrokove rutine ter posebna znanja in spretnosti za negovanje otroka. Teorija medosebnih odnosov poudarja pomen medosebnega odnosa med medicinsko sestro in pacientom, ki se razvija skozi posamezne faze medsebojnega odnosa. Namen opisa, analize in vrednotenja teorije je ugotoviti možnost prenosa in uporabe teorije v praksi pediatrične zdravstvene nege.Metode: Uporabljen je bil pregled znanstvene in strokovne literature v naslednjih podatkovnih bazah: Web of Science, ProQuest, Medline, PubMed, ScienceDirect in CINAHL. Upoštevana so bila priporočila PRISMA. Identificirane zadetke smo uvrstili v nivo glede na hierarhijo dokazov in ocenili kakovost s pomočjo priporočil GRADE. Teorijo smo opisali, analizirali in evalvirali po modelu avtorice M. Pajnkihar.Rezultati: Izmed 321 identificiranih zadetkov je bilo v končno analizo vključeno 21 zadetkov. S pomočjo analize identificiranih zadetkov ugotavljamo, da večina avtorjev teorijo medosebnih odnosov opredeli kot teorijo srednjega obsega. V veliki meri se strinjajo, da je teorija enostavna in kompleksna ter ima jasno opisane koncepte, propozicije in predpostavke. Fenomen medosebnih odnosov je jasen medicinskim sestram v kliničnem okolju.Diskusija in zaključek: Teorija je uporabna za prakso zdravstvene nege, raziskovanje in izobraževanje. Pred aplikacijo teorije v prakso in izobraževanje na področju pediatrične zdravstvene nege je treba teorijo testirati. Teorija podpira razvoj medosebnih odnosov ter verbalne in neverbalne komunikacije in jo lahko uporabimo za prakso, podprto s teorijo.

Generation Z – everyday (living with an) auxiliary ego

We know that there are significant differences between generations of our patients in certain aspects related to the differences in historical and socioeconomic circumstances of their development. New informational technologies – smartphones and mobile Internet – are taking the role of an ever-present auxiliary ego for the generations born in the twenty-first century. This development is influenced by the characteristics of these technologies and by changes in parenting patterns. Psychoanalytic literature tends to focus on only the negative influences of these factors on the development of personality, identity, and interpersonal relationships. Probably this reflects our own fears about the invasion of new technologies into our lives and limits our understanding of the possible positive potential of these technologies for the younger generations. We still need to gain a better understanding of what it brings to our analytic work, and our transference–countertransference relationships with adolescent patients.

Interpersonal online relationship development

Interpersonal online relationship development

Evaluation of the influence of malocclusion in interpersonal relations among adolescents

Aim: To evaluate the influence of malocclusion on interpersonal relationships among adolescents. Method: A cross-sectional, quantitative study was carried out with 360 students. Photographs of male and female mouth with malocclusions were manipulated and superimposed on the smile images of two individuals of both genders with normal occlusion (corresponding to the control group, GC) respectively, for assembly of 4 malocclusions: (1) anterior open bite, ( 2) anterior crossbite (3) dental crowding , and (4) Class II, in this order. These images were provided to the participants, who evaluated them through a questionnaire. Results: The less attractive malocclusion was dental crowding. For both flirting and maintaining a serious relationship the previous open bite was the most rejected, with Class II being the most acceptable. Conclusion: For adolescents, dental crowding is the most appropriate malocclusion to be corrected orthodontically. Malocclusions negatively influence the development of interpersonal relationships among adolescents.KEYWORDSAdolescent; Malocclusion; Interpersonal relationships.

Low investment non-pharmacological approaches implemented for older people experiencing responsive behaviours of dementia.

IntroductionThe acute care setting is not ideal for older people with dementia; responsive behaviours may be triggered when care is delivered within a strange environment by staff with limited knowledge of life history and personal preferences. Responsive behaviours (e.g., yelling, hitting, restlessness) are used by older people with dementia to communicate their needs and concerns. It is unknown whether non-pharmacological approaches used by nurses support the development of a meaningful interpersonal relationship between nurses and older people with dementia.Aims:The aims of this study were to explore: (a) the types of low investment non-pharmacological approaches (e.g., music, social activities) used by nurses caring for older people experiencing responsive behaviours of dementia in acute medical settings and (b) the factors that influence the decisions of these nurses to implement these approaches.MethodsWe present a qualitative secondary analysis of data from a primary study using Thorne’s interpretive description approach. Interviews were conducted with 11 nurses and four allied health professionals from acute medical settings in Canada. A qualitative secondary data analytic approach was used, specifically analytic expansion, and experiential thematic analysis.Findings:egardless of the educational preparation of nurses, the decision to use specific types of low investment non-pharmacological approaches were influenced by the perfunctory development of the interpersonal relationships in acute care hospitals. The factors that led nurses to use limited approaches (e.g., turning on the TV and providing a newspaper) were lack of dementia care education and attending to other acutely ill clients.Conclusions:This study revealed that nurses in acute medical settings require greater practice growth to deliver relational care which is crucial to supporting older people with dementia. Nurses need education and knowledge translation support to use creative low investment non-pharmacological approaches with the intent on upholding the quality of life older people with dementia.

The role of speech therapists in visual impairments: perceptions of professionals from a rehabilitation center

ABSTRACT Objective: to know the perception of professionals from a specialized center in habilitation and rehabilitation, regarding the performance of speech therapists working with people presented with visual impairments, in an interdisciplinary team context. Methods: a qualitative research in which the content analysis was chosen, so as to allow data to be presented in analysis categories. Results: 11 professionals participated in the research, including psychologists (2), a speech therapist (1), a physiotherapist (1), an ophthalmologist (1), a computer science teacher (1), a pedagogue specialized in Braille (1), a social worker (1), occupational therapists (2), and an orientation and mobility teacher (1). From the analysis of the data, three thematic categories were developed: A. Speech therapy and the development of functions of the stomatognathic system; B. Interfaces between speech therapy and education in the development of reading and writing skills, in cases of people with visual impairments; C. Speech therapy as a promoter of the development of communicative skills, language, interaction, and interpersonal relationships for people with visual impairments. Conclusion: the research participants considered the speech therapy work as paramount for the rehabilitation of people with visual impairments, and highlighted the fields of activity aimed at developing the functions of the stomatognathic system and working with oral and written language.

Research on the Relationship Between Happiness and Trust in Students

One of the greatest predictors of happiness is the satisfaction with interpersonal relationships. The basis of development of interpersonal relationships is trust. At the same time, trust is preconditioned by history and culture and has national characteristics. In Russia during the 1990s the social psychological phenomenon «trust deficit» of the population was formed, that was manifested in every sphere of life. Today the generation that grew up in that atmosphere of «trust deficit» has reached the college-student age. In this article the results of the study of correlation of happiness and self-trust, trust to other people and to the world, and with such personal characteristic as gullibility are presented. A hundred students (23 male and 77 female) aged 18 to 22 took part in the study. The following diagnostic tools were used: «Update Oxford happiness questionnaire»; «Cattel 16PF questionnaire (factor L «Vigilance»)»; A.B. Kupreichenko method «Study of trustiness/untrustiness of a person towards the world, the people, themselves»; A.B Kupreichenko method «Measure of trustiness/untrustiness of a person towards other people». The study revealed significant positive correlation of happiness and self-trust, with such personal characteristic as gullibility, and negative correlation with the trust towards the world. The students who are more self-reliant, who rely on their own resources and don’t rely on the help from the outside world appear to be happier.

A gift for gratitude and cooperative behavior: brain and cognitive effects.

Recently, different psychological studies have been interested in identifying the factors that regulate the development and maintenance of long-lasting interpersonal and social relationships. Specifically, the present research explored the link between gift exchange, gratitude and cognitive effects. The behavioral performance and neural activity of 32 participants were recorded during a cooperative game to be played before and after gift exchange. Specifically, participants had to perform the task coupled with a dear friend. Half of the couples were asked to exchange a gift before the task performance; the other half was asked to exchange a gift halfway through the task performance. For hemodynamic brain responses, functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used. Results showed that an increase in cognitive performance occurred after the exchange of gifts, with improved accuracy and lower response times in task performance. Regarding hemodynamic responses, an increase in oxygenated hemoglobin was detected, especially in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex following the gift exchange. Furthermore, it was observed that gift exchange before the beginning of the task increased the performance level. The present study provides a significant contribution to the identification of those factors that enable the increased cognitive performance based on cooperative relationships.

Built for unity: assessing the impact of team composition on team cohesion trajectories

Team cohesion is a critical factor for team effectiveness. Cohesion is a dynamic emergent state, demonstrating important changes as a function of the interactions among team members. Given the important role of individual differences for impacting the quality of social interactions as well as the resulting appraisals of individuals, it is not surprising that a plethora of studies find significant relationships between team composition and team cohesion. Unfortunately, knowledge of how individual difference composition influences changes in cohesion over time is still lacking. Therefore, drawing on theories on the development of interpersonal relationships, we tested predictions regarding the role of team personality and goal orientation for shaping the longitudinal trajectories of social and task cohesion. More specifically, we used a highly interdependent laboratory simulation to assess the differential impact that individual differences have on the initial status (i.e., intercept) and change (i.e., slope) in cohesion over time. Growth curve modeling results suggest support for our predictions that different individual differences uniquely predict the intercepts and slopes of task and social cohesion. Implications for the composition and intervention of teams are discussed.

THE METHODOLOGICAL GUIDES FOR INTER-SUBJECTIVE INTERACTION RESEARCH IN PSYCHOLOGY

Inter-subjectivity means such interpersonal co-operation, which stimulates inspiration, initiatives and activities, assists growth of actors’ agency. It’s necessary to learn philosophical-theoretical foundations of this problem. There are certain regularities of transition of subjective interactions into inter-subjective ones when a certain temporary overcoming of critical contradictions at common actions and interrelations takes place. These contradictions are solved by the fact that a common activity arises basing on the change of relations, and this immediately changes the relations. Interaction can be classified as 1) inter-object (for instance, interaction of slaves at the plantation); 2) inter-subject (without taking into consideration a subjective position of another person); 3) inter-subjective (with taking into consideration a subjective position of another person). The basis for this classification is the development of interpersonal relations. Any phenomenon, including the inter-subjective interactions, can be viewed from the standpoint of L.S. Vygotsky’s cultural-historical theory, but in its accomplished form. We bear in mind the systemic character of this theory which was described by L.S. Vygotsky at the end of his life and later developed by A.R. Luria, in particular in his neuropsychologic practice. Higher psychological functions are social in their nature and origin, have a systemic character and are chrogenous (in other words, they exist and are changing in time). Ontogenetically and phylogenetically, an original construction of higher psychic as a system, and a higher psychological function as a systemic formation presupposes another agent in all cases, and the latter is of equal value and personally significant. It is necessary to make a general review of philosophical and theoretical fundamentals of inter-subjectivity so that specific scientific and empirical studies can stand on the reflected and deliberated position. The philosophical-theoretical research on agency and its origins has a very long history in the Western European intellectual tradition, being presented by diverse spectrum of accents and approaches in different schools of thought. Agency as an immanently inherent human tendency to be the source of one’s own activities was studied by various thinkers, and theoretical searches of sources, features and manifestations of agency are still under way. Inter-subjective co-operation is a special form of agency; a person draws inspiration for unleashing his/her potential from such cooperation. Inter-subjectivity as a dialog of agents is the ultimate form of anthropological knowledge development focused on human possibilities in his/her attitude toward others and the whole world.

Interpersonal Uncertainties within Entrepreneurial Teams

The entrepreneurial journey entails many uncertainties for entrepreneurs. Founding a venture as a part of a team adds a crucial source of uncertainty for entrepreneurs, namely their relationships within the entrepreneurial team. However, the uncertainties evolving from interpersonal relationships between the team members and their impact on team and venture development have not been sufficiently understood by previous research. Utilizing a process approach and drawing on various incidents of interpersonal uncertainties within entrepreneurial teams, we develop a dynamic model of the consequences of interpersonal uncertainties. The model outlines three paths that entrepreneurial team members followed, influenced by their perception of status hierarchies. This study contributes to research on entrepreneurial teams as well as human communication, and social psychology. We provide a better understanding of the development of interpersonal relationships within entrepreneurial teams by showing how team members manage the challenges connected to the team relationships and by highlighting ways how team processes form.

Rola dialogu w procesie wychowawczym – ujęcie filozoficzne i pedagogiczne

This article shows the dialog as an important aspect of the upbringing process, which leads individuals to discover both themselves and the reality from the perspective of truth. The dialog which is inspired by the Socrates tradition and the dialog philosophy is a key element of the dialog pedagogy, in which particular attitudes influence upon the development of interpersonal relationships. The article aims at showing the school as a place where an educator meets a student and where love and justice, leading to a complete development of a human being as a physical-psychological-spiritual being, are developed.

Faculty Development: Social Representations Constructed by Medical School Teachers

ABSTRACT Faculty Development seeks to support educators in a range of functions in the areas of teaching, research, extension, management and evaluation. The aim of this study was to evaluate faculty development based on the social representations constructed by the teachers of a medical course. A qualitative survey was carried out, using the analytical method of discourse analysis and social representation as a theoretical contribution. Twelve teachers were randomly selected, and a semi-structured interview was conducted for the data collection. The responses, recorded in audio, were transcribed and discourse analysis was performed with the aim of mapping the social representations constructed by the subjects. The social representations were grouped into two categories: institutional development and personal development. Within the category institutional development, three subcategories were identified: Guiding principles of Faculty Development Programs, Teaching-learning strategies used in Faculty Development Programs, and Skills to be developed by faculty. Within the category Personal development, two subcategories were identified: Development as a person and as a social being, and Professional development. Over the years, a variety of social representations have been constructed in relation to the nature of teaching in medical education, but it is only in recent decades that managers and teachers of educational institutions have begun to focus more closely on this topic. In the present study, it was observed that for faculty development to be effective, the educator must have a desire to learn; however, institutional support and recognition are also essential. Faculty Development Programs must be flexible and adaptable, to meet the needs of the institution and its professors, and encourage reflection on their practices, though the exchange of experiences, the development of interpersonal relationships, and collaboration. However, it is vital to identify and facilitate the development of leadership skills, and to systematically evaluate the process and the results achieved. This will encourage teachers to develop in their academic careers and thereby increase the professionalization of teaching. Managers and teachers can sustain a shared mission to win resources, adapt to change, strive for excellence in the leadership of the organization in a national and international context, and consequently, provide a quality medical education.

Measuring Mentalizing in Emotionally Focused Therapy for Couples With Childhood Sexual Abuse Survivors and Their Partners

The purpose of this study was to explore the temporal relationships between Emotionally Focused Therapy for Couples (EFT) therapist interventions and mentalizing responses in couples where one or both partners are survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) by using a novel form of qualitative coding for mentalizing in EFT with CSA couples. Mentalizing can be defined as thinking about thinking. It is a developmental self-capacity that includes being able to flexibly and reflectively make sense of our internal and interpersonal mental worlds and is essential in the development and maintenance of strong interpersonal relationships. Findings of this study indicated that levels of negative mentalizing responses decreased while positive mentalizing responses increased over the course of therapy. Observed temporal relationships between therapist interventions and patient mentalizing were discussed in relation to outcomes in couple satisfaction and posttraumatic symptomatology. This novel form of coding mentalizing, while in depth, proved to be labour intensive and lacking in long-term feasibility.

Interpersonal Relationship and Personality Development on the Main Character in R.J Palacio’s Wonder Novel

This study aims to find the personality development of the main character in the Wonder novel, August Pullman. The objective of this study is to show how August’s interpersonal relationship depicted in the novel and influenced his personality development. The theory of Interpersonal Relationship from Harry S. Sullivan is used to analyze how August’s social interaction with others affect his personality development. This study found that someone’s personality development can be seen through the relationship between individual and others. In addition, to find out the factors of personality development, this study uses Elizabeth B. Hurlock’s theory of Personality Development. Some factors which are responsible for someone’s change are changes in environment, changes in social pressure and changes in self-concept. Based on the analysis, August’s personality in Wonder novel is described as an unconfident, weak, and has limit social interaction developed into confident, brave, and independent kid

Validation and Psychometric Properties of One School, Many Differences

Counselor educators must prepare school counselor trainees to celebrate diversity. Via confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory, this research indicates school counselor multicultural competence is a stable 4-domain model consisting of assessment of school environment, reflection of personal culture, development of interpersonal relationships, and collaboration. Implications for educators and practitioners are described.

Emotional Intelligence as a Predictor of Dental Hygiene Clinical Teaching Effectiveness

The development of strong interpersonal relationships between clinical instructors and students has been found to contribute to clinical teaching effectiveness (CTE). In addition, strong interpersonal relationships are more likely to occur in individuals who possess a high level of emotional intelligence (EI). However, an examination of the impact of a clinical instructor's EI on CTE has not been extensively investigated. The aims of this study were to measure the CTE and EI of dental hygiene clinical instructors and to identify any correlations between their CTE and EI. In this cross-sectional quantitative study conducted in 2017, dental hygiene clinical instructors in selected U.S. dental hygiene programs were invited to complete two online assessments: the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) and the Nursing Clinical Teaching Effectiveness Inventory (NCTEI). Demographic data collected from participants was also included in the exploratory data analysis. A total of 42 clinical instructors from programs in 19 states completed both the MSCEIT and the NCTEI. The results showed statistically significant correlations between negative clinical teaching behaviors and MSCEIT outcomes. These results suggest that emotional intelligence may be linked to dental hygiene clinical instructors' teaching effectiveness, with low emotional intelligence being a predictor of negative teaching behaviors.

Displacement through incarceration: an opportunity for personal re-engagement

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to highlight that interpersonal relations within a visits venue in a carceral space can be restorative. This provides implications for staff working in institutions to support a visits programme to assist those incarcerated.Design/methodology/approachThe experiences of those formerly incarcerated are captured through an ethnography of engagement by way of semi-structured interviews and field notes. In methodology it draws upon the fields of criminology and prison sociology, and in particular using an ethnographic approach within the field of Carceral Geography.FindingsInterpersonal relationships developed, with a “significant other” within the liminality of displacement, are therapeutic in nature and potentially contribute to ongoing healthier relationships than previously experienced, once a person is released from incarceration. These also assist those incarcerated transition into the community when released.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample within the study was only small, did not include the impact of family members, nor the impact of not having visitors upon people who are incarcerated. The feedback received was all positive. Other people might have had alternative experiences that were not captured in this study.Practical implicationsA practical outcome of this research is to encourage the development of interpersonal relationships and the reconstruction of social networks for those incarcerated as a means of early intervention for their recovery and future progress reintegrating back into society.Social implicationsThe impact of a significant other helps those formerly incarcerated to value the importance of close supportive relationships in contributing to the lives of others socially.Originality/valueAssisting those incarcerated develop a relationship with a significant other provides a unique protective element as a social intervention. Staff within institutions have a unique role within their service to facilitate visitors and to encourage those incarcerated to connect with a significant other so as to help their mental health, support their general well-being and give them hope for the future.

Experiences of peer counselling during inpatient rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injuries.

Qualitative study. The aim of this study was to evaluate peer counselling during inpatient rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injuries (SCI). This article describes the experience with peer counselling from the perspective of patients with SCI as well as from the perspective of the peer counsellors. Inpatient rehabilitation of SCI in the Swiss Paraplegic Centre. Six interviews with patients and one focus group interview with professional peer counsellors have been evaluated using qualitative content analysis. Patients experienced the peer counselling sessions as solution-oriented, practical, motivating and especially appreciated the authentic, open demeanor of the peer counsellors. Conversations about recreational activities, hobbies and interests supported the development of interpersonal relationships. Peer counsellors experienced the initial visits with patients with high level quadriplegia as a special challenge. The regular presence of all peer counsellors in the hospital facilitated an easier exchange with the patients. Patients feel empowered by peer counselling. Special attention should be placed on the timing of the initial visit. Unplanned meetings between patient and peers seem to be essential and highly valued. Peer counsellors are confronted with stressful situations in their work, therefore the need for support and training of peer counsellors should be further investigated.