Interpersonal Bonds Research Articles

Paradigms of Relationships in Faulkner, Woolf and Vian

The paradigms within human relationship are shaped by a multitude of factors which tug at the edges of the ability to form interpersonal bonds with the influence of experience. What constitutes experience, then, can be argued in several different manners. However, it is the interpretation of conventional, institutional education in the minds of the characters in Williams Faulkner’s Light in August, Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse, and Boris Vian’s Mood Indigo that sets a course for the trajectory of their relationships with others and with themselves. The various frameworks of the characters’ respective educations allow them to express what has been fed to them and how to interpret, knowledge. Once they are able to identify what constitutes experience through learning, these concepts, religious tenets, the awareness of factual circumstances, fixed categories imposed on reality, and ostensible truth as defined by ideology, are applied to models of human relationship, often with disastrous or emotionally numbing results through sticking to a pre-defined notion of how to apply what one is taught to one’s personal life. The characters of Light in August utilize an organic absorption of conventional education and religion as a form of teaching, as well as relying on past experience and intuition to traverse through their relationships, while the intellectual pursuits of the Ramsays and their acquaintances (particularly the male figures) in To the Lighthouse lead them to define relationship using ideas instead of raw emotion and experience. In comparison, the beautiful and tragic youth of Mood Indigo transform conventional education into goods for material consumption, as notions of the intellectual become synonymous with an indulgence in objectifying traditional forms of knowledge in monetary, and even human, form. The point at which education and desires converge and possibly become inseparable, then, marks the intersection not only between the compromise of relationships co-existing with powerful, learned ideas, but also the parallels between how self-acquired education through experience can differ from institutionalized thought. Can the distinctions between these methods lead to more or less successful relationships, or do they arrive at the same conclusion; the disintegration of previously cherished relationships? Is it then possible for education and relationship to co-exist peacefully? If not, perhaps it is this collision in the world of fiction that catalyzes the characters’ perpetual uncertainty with regard to both ideas.

Beyond Language Deficits: Working Alliance and Resources as Predictors of Recovery From Aphasia.

Large-scale clinical trials and meta-analyses have determined neurobiological and linguistic predictors of recovery from aphasia, while more recent work is opening the field to factors of efficacy previously established in psychiatry-and little known in neurology. To map this evolving area of research, the present essay explores key factors of efficacy in psychotherapy as potential predictors of recovery from aphasia. In particular, the essay addresses (1) working alliance, including consensus between patient and therapist on treatment goals and tasks alongside interpersonal bonds, as well as (2) focus on resources rather than deficits in language performance. Finally, the essay outlines why research on impaired communication ability may help advance and complement existing methods in psychotherapy.

The interplay between therapeutic relationship and therapeutic technique: The whole is more than the sum of its parts.

The interplay between the therapeutic relationship and experiential techniques is powerful. The whole is more than the sum of its parts. Therapeutic relationship predicts therapy outcomes, especially when this involves shared goals, agreed methods, and a strong interpersonal bond. When patients feel safely held in a therapeutic relationship, they feel more confident and willing to participate in experiential techniques. Conversely, the therapist's careful, purposeful implementation of techniques can help strengthen the therapeutic relationship. While the interplay between relationship and technique can be complicated, resulting in rupture, carefully repairing ruptures can both strengthen the relationship and increase willingness to engage with techniques. We comment on five case studies from this issue of theJournal of Clinical Psychology: In Session. We review the literature regarding this interplay between relationship and technique, summarize the case studies and lessons learned, consolidate the findings into a framework, and propose avenues for future therapy consideration and research.

Military Duty during Mission Deployment: Exploring Local Relations and Dynamics of Cohesion—The Case of Swedish Troops

This article explores contemporary understandings of military duty and dynamics of cohesion during deployment with a focus on host–citizen relations. Duty is treated as a perception-based dynamic construct shaped, in part, by operational experiences. Traditionally, Western military duty is defined by conventional obligations of loyalty to the military unit and mission in the context of combat operations, in these ways linked to military cohesion. However, in response to increasingly “population-oriented” military operations, I argue the need to broaden the study of military duty and cohesion beyond interpersonal bonds of the military organization to include the role of host–citizen relations. In-depth interviews with Swedish service members reaffirm the centrality of conventional duty to the mission and military unit, yet also indicate varying levels and forms of obligations to local actors. Overall, understandings of duty matter to cohesion both as a unifying force and source of tension within the mission.

Mother-child neural synchronization is time linked to mother-child positive affective state matching.

In the first years of life, in which self-regulation occurs via external means, mother-child synchronization of positive affect (PA) facilitates regulation of child homeostatic systems. Mother-child affective synchrony may contribute to mother-child synchronization of neural systems, but limited research has explored this possibility. Participants were 41 healthy mother-child dyads (56% girls; Mage = 24.76 months; s.d. = 8.77 months, Range = 10-42 months). Mothers' and children's brain activities were assessed simultaneously using near-infrared spectroscopy while engaging in dyadic play. Mother and child PA during play were coded separately to characterize periods in which mothers and children (i) matched on high PA, (ii) matched on low/no PA or (iii) showed a mismatch in PA. Models evaluated moment-to-moment correlations between affective matching and neural synchrony in mother-child dyads. Greater positive affective synchrony, in which mother and child showed similarly high levels of PA but not similarly low levels of PA, was related to greater synchrony in medial and lateral frontal and temporoparietal regions. Age moderated associations between mother and child neural activities but only during moments of high PA state matching. Positive, synchronous mother-child interactions may foster greater neural responding in affective and social regions important for self-regulation and interpersonal bonds.

Samotność jako droga do samopoznania w eseju „Soledad” Miguela de Unamuno

Solitude is a typically human phenomenon, inscribed in the ontic structure of man. It is not a homogeneous phenomenon as it reveals its various layers depending on the existential experiences of a human being. It can have both an objective and subjective dimension, it can be related to a feeling of loneliness or being lonely, it can provide an opportunity for personal development or put a person in a state of despair, it touches the sphere of the psyche, but also manifests itself somatically. Miguel de Unamuno (1864-1936), a Spanish existentialist, in his essay “Soledad” (“Solitude”) points to its personality-forming dimension as an element necessary in the process of forming "I - conscious", influencing the formation of one's own individuality and autonomy in separation from the mass. According to Unamuno, it is an essential factor in developing the skills of self-reflection and critical thinking. In Unamuno's philosophical thought, solitude occupies an important position and is a key concept for understanding all of his work. The term "solitude" is present in his novels, essays, and poetry. The essay “Solitude”, written in 1905, shows it as a phenomenon that organizes human inner life and a factor that harmoniously arranges social relations and deepens interpersonal bonds. Keywords: solitude, distress, Miguel de Unamuno, existence, meaning of life

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Assessment and Management of Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder.

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Assessment and Management of Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder.

Solidariedade, militância e saúde mental em tempos de pandemia

Based on digital network narratives, we analyzed various forms of solidarity actions negotiated by users of the mental health care network to deal with the problems arising from the Covid-19 pandemic in a context of ultra-neoliberal economy. If, on the one hand, the increase in psychosocial suffering was evident, on the other hand, the coping strategies organized by those people were astounding, many of them being developed and managed by themselves. Among these strategies, there is the activation and creation of social networks for specific purposes depending on the problem to be solved. Prioritizing the notion of “gift,” these strategies updated the illusio of militancy of the users involved in them. However, the physical distance between the network members and the organization of dialogue in a virtual space make difficult the interaction dynamics in favor of the establishment of interpersonal bonds and conflict resolution.

Ensino da fotossíntese através de uma prática pedagógica: uma metodologia imprescindível durante o ensino híbrido

The acquisition of knowledge in contemporary times is in constant change, despite the initiatives to carry out teaching methodologies as educational support. Therefore, the implementation of pedagogical practices by the professors, stimulates the interaction of students and expands learning opportunities. In this sense, the present study aimed to report an educational practice on the photosynthesis process that was developed in a first-year high school class at the state basic education school in the municipality of Arapiraca-Alagoas. Thus, the items for the development of the experience were requested from the students, which consisted of transparent glass or plastic containers, sodium bicarbonate, water and vegetable leaves. Thus, on the day of practice, questionnaires were distributed before and after the experiment in order to assess the learning related to the topic addressed. After practice, the necessary observations the effects of photosynthesis on the recipients were realized, as well as the analysis of the results of the pre- and post-test evaluation. Thus, it was noticed that the experiment proves to be efficient, not only for the understanding of the theory, but also promoted the strengthening of interpersonal bonds, having in a view the return of in-person classes after a long period of social distancing imposed on society due to the pandemic scenario of the new coronavirus.

Homeland and Trauma: A Post-colonial Analysis of Trauma, Gendered Marginalisation, and Nation-building Discourses in Independent Bangladesh

This paper explores the complex relationship between homeland and trauma, emphasising the transformative impact of individual and collective traumas on our conceptualization of home. This study examines the impact of nation-building on individuals who have undergone trauma, as portrayed via the narratives of women and fictional characters. It sheds light on the complicity of the state in intensifying the distress experienced by those who have been traumatised. This study sheds light on the challenges and complexities surrounding the notion of homeland in the context of social trauma, with a particular focus on the critical role of gender and agency in shaping national identities. Primary sources such as “Ekattorer dinguli,” “Nindito Nandan,” “Chitra Nadir paarey,” and the documentary “1971” are utilised to support this analysis. The desire for a place to call one's own, also referred to as a homeland, is an inherent and essential element of human identity. This attitude is deeply rooted inside individuals and surpasses divisions based on politics, society, and culture. The persistent yearning for a place to call one's own persists as an unwavering and timeless ideal, symbolising the innate human craving for interpersonal bonds, communal ties, and a sense of affiliation. However, historical evidence has demonstrated that the fulfilment of this desire is frequently accompanied by difficulties and impediments. The impediments of political fragmentation, physical limitations, and social ostracism can collectively impede the establishment of a homeland, so compelling individuals and groups to confront an elusive notion of home.

Cultural Profile as Determinant of Work Outcomes in a Collectivist Context

Extant research evidence shows that interpersonal bonds—the bond to the immediate supervisor and work team—have an incremental predictive effect in western settings, neglecting emerging economic and cultural environments. This study, thus, examines the impact of cultural profiles on interpersonal bonds and related performance in an emerging market context. Specifically, the study examines the emergence of profiles based on micro-level psychological collectivism (individualism) and power distance orientations. The study further examines the effect of the emerged profiles on interpersonal bonds and the performance of activities related to the targets of the bonds. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 148 multiple public and private organizations of varied industries (banking, manufacturing, education, and local government) in an emerging market. Using the MANOVA analytic procedure, the study finds that the supervisor-oriented and team-involved profile rather than the team-alienated profile demonstrates a significantly higher level of work outcomes involving interpersonal commitment to the supervisor and substantially higher task performance. The outcome suggests that power distance cultural value may have a negative psychological effect while collectivism has a positive psychological effect on work outcomes in this context. The implication of the outcome for theory and policy in the collectivist context is discussed.

Separated Minors or the Dilemma between General and Individual Interest in European Union Migration Law Compliance

Separating children traveling accompanied by a nonfamily adult is a current practice serving the general purpose of fighting against sexual exploitation, minor trafficking, or general crime prevention. However, such a routine response could violate a minor’s right to family life or preclude an attempted migration to reunification. Although no specific normative framework exists for this migratory category, we will draw our analysis of the conflicting interests by resorting to human rights case law. On the one hand, the expansion of the legally recognized concept of family must help protect interpersonal bonds not based on biological relationships, according to the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union. On the other hand, restrictions to the right to family life can be taken for fighting against crime, although a goal of general prevention may not comply with human rights standards on the limitation of rights. The required balance between conflicting interests can be established by resorting to the best interests of the minor. To conclude, we argue that this category could certainly benefit from a concerted, common legislative action at the level of the European Union when revisiting the migration legal regime, alongside operational measures at national, regional, and local levels.
 Received: 31 July 2022Accepted: 05 October 2022

A systematic review of the qualitative research examining stakeholders’ perceptions of the characteristics of helpful sport and exercise psychology practitioners

ABSTRACT Research indicates sport psychology practitioners vary in their abilities to help athletes. Understanding the characteristics of helpful practitioners can inform applied sport psychology training. We reviewed qualitative research on stakeholders’ perceptions of the characteristics of practitioners. The electronic and manual search yielded 33 studies, with extracted data being subject to an abductive analysis. We also critically appraised the studies according to criteria listed by the Cochrane Collaboration. Results indicated that stakeholders perceived that helpful practitioners were able to (a) build rapport or interpersonal bonds with athletes, (b) develop real relationships based on openness and realistic perceptions, (c) inspire hope and suitable expectations, (d) promote engagement in the change process, and (e) operate well in the contexts where clients are located. The critical appraisal indicated that the studies provide an informed representation of stakeholders’ perceptions, but also where research may improve, such as considering the researcher-participant relationship. The review points to avenues of future research, such as experiments testing if the characteristics stakeholders believe describe helpful practitioners lead to better client outcomes. The current findings can also inform the training, supervision, and continued professional development of trainees and practitioners.

Narrative Bonds: Multiple Narrators in the Victorian Novel

Narrative Bonds: Multiple Narrators in the Victorian Novel

Mitigating Risks of Incarceration Among Transition-Age Foster Youth: Considering Domains of Social Bonds.

Transitioning to adulthood is difficult for young people aging out of foster care. Research shows that this population faces substantial challenges in trying to avoid legal system involvement during this difficult period of life. Seeking to improve our understanding of the protective factors that mitigate the risks of legal system involvement among transition-age foster youth, this study focuses on social bonds as predictors. Drawing from social control theory and using longitudinal foster youth survey data (n = 687), we explore two domains of social bonds (interpersonal bonds, institutional bonds) youth had at the onset of adulthood (age 17), and assess the association between domains of social bonds and later incarceration in early adulthood (between ages 17 and 21). While results provide no support for the significance of interpersonal bondedness, institutional bonds were significantly associated with decreased odds of later incarceration. This suggests that social bonds may be stronger for institutional domains than for interpersonal domains in helping youth to avoid later incarceration. These findings help explain why some youth navigate the transition to adulthood better than others with regard to legal system involvement, and inform efforts to develop policy and provide services more effectively. Implications and recommendations for the field and professionals are discussed.

Primary schoolboys’ embodied relationships in the classroom

Interpersonal touch is crucial for establishing interpersonal bonds. Drawing on the framework of haptic sociality, this study explores the interactional emergence of embodied relationships among second-grade schoolboys as part of ongoing classroom activity. Focussing on forms of body-to-body behaviour that occur during classroom activities, we describe four different types of touch occurring between the boys – supporting, nudging, wrestling and grooming – and how they are collaboratively accomplished, how they change from one type to another, and how they are deployed as embodied negotiation withing a continuously unfolding embodied relationship. Complementing previous studies on embodied relationships among schoolgirls, our study focuses on the haptic social life of schoolboys.

Discrimination is not just Black and White in romantic relationships: A consideration of perspective taking and self-expansion.

Interracial relationships can satisfy our human need for interpersonal bonds, but face adversity due to racial discrimination. This adversity is not parallel for the involved partners, however, in ways that have implications for relationship outcomes. As such, in the current research, we considered that discrimination may provide an avenue for positive self-expansion for a White partner, insofar as they use it to learn more about their partner's worldview and experience. This is important, as facing racial discrimination could be a reason White partners think about ending their relationship. Thus, identifying processes that mitigate adversity for the White partner could bolster relationship outcomes for both partners and enhance persistence in interracial relationships. Specifically, we tested whether White partners engaging in perspective taking could buffer against the negativity of discrimination. In Study 1 (N = 260), we found that perspective taking was associated with feeling the relationship expanded one's worldview for White partners in interracial relationships (but not for Black or non-White Hispanic partners). In Studies 2-4 (N = 531), we found that partners who engaged in perspective taking when discrimination was salient experienced greater positive self-expansion, which in turn led to greater reports of relationship quality. Collectively, these results suggest that perspective taking provides one process by which interracial relationships can be fortified against the adversity of racial discrimination. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Predictors of physical distance in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic | Fact-sheets collection from the Portuguese COVID-19 pandemic Task Force on Behavioral Sciences

The promotion of physical distancing is a highly effective way of preventing the interpersonal transmission of pathogenic agents, including SARS-CoV-2. However, the protection of physical health through physical distance should not promote social distancing, which is a relevant disrupter of human subjective and psychological well-being. Interpersonal bonds are essential for the promotion and protection of mental health and quality of life. It is, therefore, necessary to identify adequate criteria for the establishment and promotion of adequate, protective, and health-promoting physical distancing.

Newspaper Representation of Transgender in Pakistan: A Multi-Modal Analysis

The aim of the research was to analyze the media visibility of transgenders. The study was conducted via a multi-modal analysis of photographs of trans-genders published in two leading dailies of Pakistan. The analysis was conducted on two levels according to the meta-functions of the visual design as proposed by Kress & van Leeuwen (1996), which are ideational and interpersonal. On the ideational level, five themes emerged which were categorized as images showing confidence, glamour, deprivation, protest, and harassment. The number of images with the themes of confidence and glamour was significantly more in number in comparison to the themes of deprivation, harassment, and protests which were significantly fewer in number although they bear the closest affinity to the everyday lives of the subjects. On the interpersonal level, it is interesting that most of the photographs maintained direct eye contact between the subject and the viewer and thus create an interpersonal bond. A major anomaly that was observed referred to the absolute exclusion of female to male transgenders or trans-males, which is another case of symbolic annihilation.

Beyond the redemptive self: Narratives of acceptance in later life (and in Other Contexts)

Prior research has shown that midlife adults who construct highly redemptive life narratives tend to exhibit high levels of generativity and psychological well-being. What researchers today describe as the redemptive self, therefore, serves as a strong model for living a good life among many midlife American adults. In late life, however, and in certain other contexts, narratives that showcase the power of acceptance, rather than redemption, may prove more suitable as good life stories. In narratives of acceptance, the protagonist aims to come to terms with life and the inevitability of loss and suffering, to reconcile conflict, manage (rather than overcome) adversity, and sustain interpersonal bonds of intimacy and warmth. Narratives of acceptance may nourish valued human characteristics like grace, humility, and wisdom. Converging ideas regarding narratives of acceptance may be found in the literatures of narrative gerontology and disability studies, and from writings on the salutary effects of internalizing tragic narratives in psychotherapy and promoting social interventions designed to alleviate pain and promote well-being under conditions of significant constraint.