Samotność jako droga do samopoznania w eseju „Soledad” Miguela de Unamuno

Abstract

Solitude is a typically human phenomenon, inscribed in the ontic structure of man. It is not a homogeneous phenomenon as it reveals its various layers depending on the existential experiences of a human being. It can have both an objective and subjective dimension, it can be related to a feeling of loneliness or being lonely, it can provide an opportunity for personal development or put a person in a state of despair, it touches the sphere of the psyche, but also manifests itself somatically. Miguel de Unamuno (1864-1936), a Spanish existentialist, in his essay “Soledad” (“Solitude”) points to its personality-forming dimension as an element necessary in the process of forming "I - conscious", influencing the formation of one's own individuality and autonomy in separation from the mass. According to Unamuno, it is an essential factor in developing the skills of self-reflection and critical thinking. In Unamuno's philosophical thought, solitude occupies an important position and is a key concept for understanding all of his work. The term "solitude" is present in his novels, essays, and poetry. The essay “Solitude”, written in 1905, shows it as a phenomenon that organizes human inner life and a factor that harmoniously arranges social relations and deepens interpersonal bonds. Keywords: solitude, distress, Miguel de Unamuno, existence, meaning of life