Interpersonal Attraction Research Articles

Facebook as a Safe Sphere: The Influence of Facebook Intergroup Communication on Reducing Islamophobia in the United States

Through an online survey of non-Muslim Facebook users in the United States (N=415), intergroup contact theory was used to examine the negative correlation between Facebook intergroup contact variables: Number of Muslim Facebook friends, number of non-Muslim friends who have Muslim friends on Facebook (extended contact), and frequency of Facebook intergroup activities (direct communication, passive communication, and broadcasting) and Islamophobia. Contact theory and hyperpersonal model of CMC were used to examine the influence of interpersonal communication with a Muslim on Facebook (N=250) as a moderator (low, average, and high attraction toward a Muslim) in intergroup contact effects. Results showed all Facebook intergroup contact variables have significant negative correlations with Islamophobia. Of Facebook intergroup activities, only passive communication predicts reduced Islamophobia. The study also found interpersonal attraction on Facebook moderates the negative relation between Facebook intergroup activities direct and passive communications, but not broadcasting and Islamophobia.

Indirect Relationship of Attachment, Immediacy, Interpersonal Needs and Interpersonal Attraction between Emotional Intelligence and Life Satisfaction: An Empirical Study of Malaysian Undergraduates

Life satisfaction is a global evaluation can be determined by a strong capability of thoughts and feeling called emotional intelligence. At the same time, these two elements indirectly effect by certain psychosocial attributes such as attachment relationship of lecturers, attachment relationship of peers, immediacy behaviour of lecturers, interpersonal needs and interpersonal attraction of peers. Therefore, aim of this study proposed that determine the indirect relationship of attachment, immediacy, interpersonal needs and interpersonal attraction between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction among 600 undergraduate students in Klang Valley area. The two theories applied in this study are, PERMA model and Emotional Intelligence The results support the hypothesis of the study and revealed that attachment relationship of lecturer's, immediacy behaviour of lecturer's and interpersonal needs of students significantly played a mediator role based on Hayes Mediation Analysis Bootstrapping. It means there was an indirect and direct relationship between variables. Students, who had positive psychosocial attribution, had high level of emotional intelligence and life satisfaction.

The Effect of Personality Similarity on Evaluations of Interpersonal Attraction: The Role of the Characteristic Personality Traits of the Evaluated Person

The Effect of Personality Similarity on Evaluations of Interpersonal Attraction: The Role of the Characteristic Personality Traits of the Evaluated Person

Influence of coach’s interpersonal attraction and homophily on youth soccer players’ motivation

It is well known that certain coaching behaviors and characteristics have the potential in shaping players’ skill development. Interpersonal attraction and homophily are one relevant example that can be used to explain individual’s affective evaluation of another individual’s actions. In a sport context, the interpersonal characteristics of a coach can potentially influence players at different levels. This study investigated the influence of coach’s interpersonal attraction (social, physical, and task) and homophily (attitude and background) on youth soccer players’ motivation. A closed ended questionnaire was distributed to 94 youth soccer players to examine the impact of coach’s interpersonal attraction and homophily on their motivation. The results showed that coach’s social, physical, and task attractions significantly influenced players’ motivation. We also found that coach’s attitude positively contributed to players’ motivation. Outcomes from this study offer new insights into the development of coaching relationship quality and players’ motivation. It also enriches the current theoretical understanding on how certain interpersonal behaviors of a coach may influence individuals’ motivation in a sport context.

The Attraction of Synchrony: A Hip-Hop Dance Study.

This study investigated an evolutionary-adaptive explanation for the cultural ubiquity of choreographed synchronous dance: that it evolved to increase interpersonal aesthetic appreciation and/or attractiveness. In turn, it is assumed that this may have facilitated social bonding and therefore procreation between individuals within larger groups. In this dual-dancer study, individuals performed fast or slow hip-hop choreography to fast-, medium-, or slow-tempo music; when paired laterally, this gave rise to split-screen video stimuli in which there were four basic categories of dancer and music synchrony: (1) synchronous dancers, synchronous music; (2) synchronous dancers, asynchronous music; (3) asynchronous dancers, one dancer synchronous with music; and (4) asynchronous dancers, asynchronous music. Participants’ pupil dilations and aesthetic appreciation of the dancing were recorded for each video, with the expectation that these measures would covary with levels of synchronization. While results were largely consistent with the hypothesis, the findings also indicated that interpersonal aesthetic appreciation was driven by a hierarchy of synchrony between the dancers: stimuli in which only one dancer was synchronous with the music were rated lower than stimuli in which the dancers were asynchronous with each other and with the music; i.e., stimuli in which the dancers were unequal were judged less favorably than those in which the dancers were equal, albeit asynchronously. Stimuli in which all elements were synchronous, dancers and music, were rated highest and, in general, elicited greater pupil dilations.

Mediating Effect of Uncertainty on The Relationship Between Interpersonal Attraction Traits and Life Happiness amongst Facebook Users

There is a large amount of uncertainty that needs to be assured for experiencing happiness in life since interpersonal attraction judgments are promptly developed during initial interactions. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine the mediating effect of uncertainty on the relationship between interpersonal attraction traits and life happiness amongst Facebook users. This study was using an integrated purposive sampling method through a snowballing procedure by considering the characteristics of respondents to suit the purpose of the study. A total of 503 questionnaires were distributed online, with only 402 respondents returned the questionnaire. It is found that there is a mediating effect of uncertainty on the relationship between interpersonal attraction traits and life happiness amongst Facebook users, namely physical attraction, social attraction, and extraversion. This study proposes the combination of the analytical unit for interpersonal attraction traits and life happiness by integrating the variable measurements in multiple contexts of social media platforms.

Facial expressions contribute more than body movements to conversational outcomes in avatar-mediated virtual environments

This study focuses on the individual and joint contributions of two nonverbal channels (i.e., face and upper body) in avatar mediated-virtual environments. 140 dyads were randomly assigned to communicate with each other via platforms that differentially activated or deactivated facial and bodily nonverbal cues. The availability of facial expressions had a positive effect on interpersonal outcomes. More specifically, dyads that were able to see their partner’s facial movements mapped onto their avatars liked each other more, formed more accurate impressions about their partners, and described their interaction experiences more positively compared to those unable to see facial movements. However, the latter was only true when their partner’s bodily gestures were also available and not when only facial movements were available. Dyads showed greater nonverbal synchrony when they could see their partner’s bodily and facial movements. This study also employed machine learning to explore whether nonverbal cues could predict interpersonal attraction. These classifiers predicted high and low interpersonal attraction at an accuracy rate of 65%. These findings highlight the relative significance of facial cues compared to bodily cues on interpersonal outcomes in virtual environments and lend insight into the potential of automatically tracked nonverbal cues to predict interpersonal attitudes.

International Top Managers on Corporate Boards: Dissimilarity and Tenure

The number of top managers with foreign nationality and of top managers with international work experience on corporate boards has increased over the last decades. In business and management literature, the common understanding is that board diversity and international work experience for board members go hand in hand with numerous positive consequences for MNCs. But how does dissimilarity in nationality and in international work experience affect a top manager and his or her tenure on the board? Drawing on interpersonal attraction research and analyzing 149 management board members from German DAX-30 firms, we find empirical evidence that dissimilarity in nationality and in international work experience have a negative association with tenure. Based on social capital theory, we also suggest that the nexus between a top manager with an international background and his or her tenure is moderated by ‘firm insidership’. Our data confirm that having work experience in a firm before being appointed to its board is indeed linked to longer tenure but does not alleviate the disadvantages of being international. In sum, the resulting implication of our research is that, contrary to widely accepted scholarly opinions, a top manager’s international background may also have detrimental effects—in our case negative effects on tenure.

Effects of the traits of the big five on interpersonal attraction

Effects of the traits of the big five on interpersonal attraction

How do patients develop trust in community pharmacists?

Pharmacists frequently self-describe as "the most trusted health care professional" in society. Beyond the rhetoric of such self-promoting statements, there is little empirical evidence regarding how trust between pharmacists and patients is formed, nurtured, and sustained. This exploratory qualitative study in Ontario, Canada was undertaken in early 2020 to characterize trust-enhancing factors in community pharmacy practice. Recruitment posters/handouts in purposively-selected pharmacies using a convenience sampling of people collecting prescriptions was used to recruit 28 patient-participants. Inclusion criteria included a minimum of six conversations with a pharmacist regarding health/medication use in the previous 12 months. A semi-structured interview protocol was used to elicit descriptions from patients regarding how experiences with community pharmacists shaped or influenced trust formation in both individual pharmacists and the profession as a whole. A total of 28 patients were interviewed for this study. Five trust-enhancing factors were identified: i) availability; ii) affability; iii) acknowledgement; iv) respect; and v) interpersonal chemistry. Within each factor, sub-factors or facets were also identified that focused on specific behaviours of community pharmacists that helped enhance trust. This study suggests that trust-enhancing factors include a series of interpersonal communication behaviours and skills that are within the control of pharmacists; leveraging these behaviours and skills in a more consistent and effective manner may support more trusting relationships between pharmacists and patients. For pharmacists to truly live up to the moniker of "most trusted health care professional" it is important to better understand how trust is built and sustained, and to consider opportunities to focus on specific trust-enhancing behaviours that ultimately support better patient care and outcomes.

Психологически аспекти на партньорските отношения между мъжа и жената

One of the most current problems of the social psychology are presented in the article. Different socialpsychological theories of communication and interpersonal relationships are considered. The specific of the socialpsychological perspective in investigation of human interactions is pointed. Also, actual research themes within the social psychology such as social roles, personal identity, attitudes and interrelation between attitudes and behaviour are analyzed in that article. The place of the interpersonal attraction and love within the scientific socialpsychological knowledge system is shown, stressing on the applied character of the contemporaneous socialpsychological knowledge to investigated problems.

The perfect colleague? Multidimensional perfectionism and indicators of social disconnection in the workplace

How are perfectionist employees seen by their colleagues, and to what extent do they experience integration or social disconnection at work? Combining two different quantitative approaches, we investigated the relationship between multidimensional perfectionism and indicators of social disconnection in two samples of employees from Germany. Study 1 (N = 184) measured the participants' perfectionism and presented four vignettes describing a self-oriented, other-oriented, socially prescribed, and non-perfectionist colleague. Participants rated the social skills and work competence of the described colleagues, and indicated their own willingness to work with them (interpersonal attraction). Study 2 (N = 279) measured the participants' perfectionism and the social support, social exclusion, and intergroup conflicts they experienced in their working teams. All perfectionists, especially the other-oriented perfectionist, received significantly lower ratings on social skills and attraction than the non-perfectionist colleague. However, the self-oriented and other-oriented perfectionist received the highest competence ratings. Ratings differed depending on the participants' own perfectionism. In Study 2, socially prescribed perfectionism was positively related to all indicators of social disconnection, whereas other-oriented perfectionism was related to conflicts only. Self-oriented perfectionism was unrelated to indicators of social disconnection. The results emphasize the importance of considering perfectionism in the context of teamwork and team climate.

Understanding the attraction process

AbstractA comprehensive model of interpersonal attraction is presented in which attraction is an emotion expressed to regulate interpersonal relationships. The model proposes that cognitive appraisals, the subjective experience, and the expression of affiliative behavior are fundamental to understanding how attraction operates. Specifically, we discuss how (a) cognitive appraisals (willingness and ability) are fundamental to the subjective experience of attraction, (b) social dilemma considerations affect when and why the subjective experience aligns with the expression of affiliative behavior, (c) the interplay of the components of attraction explain the panoply of extant attraction phenomena, and (d) the attraction process operates in both initial interactions and enduring relationships. We conclude with a discussion of methodological and theoretical directions to fuel future growth.

Artificial intelligence snapchat: Visual conversation agent

Visual conversation is a dialog in which parties exchange visual information. The key novelty presented in this paper is an artificial intelligence-driven visual conversation automation method. We will present a state of the art Artificial Intelligence Snapchat Visual Conversation Agent (AISVCA). AISVCA uses our proposed artificial intelligence-driven visual conversation automation method to create received image caption and generate an appropriate reasonable visual response. These functionalities are achieved by using a combination of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network (LSTM) and, Latent Semantic Indexing method (LSI). CNN and LSTM are used to create image captions and, LSI is used to assess the semantic similarity between captions generated from personalized image dataset, and captions that are extracted from the received image content. We will show that AISVCA, using the proposed method can generate a visual response that is basically indistinguishable from a human visual response. To evaluate the proposed approach, we measured the accuracy of the proposed system and, conducted a user study to test communication quality. In the user study, we analyzed source credibility and interpersonal attraction of the AISVCA. The user study results showed that there are no significant differences in communication quality between a visual conversation with AISVCA and visual conversation with the human agent.

A Bot and a Smile: Interpersonal Impressions of Chatbots and Humans Using Emoji in Computer-mediated Communication

ABSTRACT Artificially intelligent (AI) agents increasingly occupy roles once served by humans in computer-mediated communication (CMC). Technological affordances like emoji give interactants (humans or bots) the ability to partially overcome the limited nonverbal information in CMC. However, despite the growth of chatbots as conversational partners, few CMC and human-machine communication (HMC) studies have explored how bots’ use of emoji impact perceptions of communicator quality. This study examined the relationship between emoji use and observers’ impressions of interpersonal attractiveness, CMC competence, and source credibility; and whether impressions formed of human versus chatbot message sources were different. Results demonstrated that participants rated emoji-using chatbot message sources similarly to human message sources, and both humans and bots are significantly more socially attractive, CMC competent, and credible when compared to verbal-only message senders. Results are discussed with respect to the CASA paradigm and the human-to-human interaction script framework.

Teacher’s Behaviors: Verbal and Non-Verbal Behavior During the English Classroom Interaction

An effective teacher has to be able to create a good communication between the teacher and the students. It can be seen from teachers behaviour include verbal and non verbal behaviours. In teaching context, teachers convey interaction in the classroom to contribute to interpersonal attraction through teachers’ verbal and nonverbal behaviours. This research study explored the teachers’ behavior in English classroom interaction. This research design is a qualitative research. Participants were two teachers at English School Indonesia, who taught in two intermediate levels. One teacher was represented for each classroom. The instruments used to collect the data was observation and interview. During the observation, each teacher was observed using video recording. And then the teachers were interviewed to strengthen the result of observation. The research found that both teachers who teach intermediate levels had effective behaviors during the English classroom interaction. The students were motivated to learn English

Associations Between Self-Reported Temperament and Self-Knowledge

Abstract. Temperament and self-knowledge are both considered important regulators of behavior. Although their areas of influence overlap to some point, little is known about their association. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore if and how they are related to each other, specifically if temperamental dimensions predict self-evaluations in four important domains of self-knowledge. The results showed that temperamental dimensions derived from the regulative theory of temperament were predictors of self-evaluations in all four domains of self-knowledge to a certain degree. Temperament accounted for the greatest amount of variance in self-evaluations of the agency domain, which were positively predicted by briskness and activity, and negatively predicted by emotional reactivity. Both interpersonal attractiveness and social acceptance were positively predicted by briskness, activity, and sensory sensitivity, whereas positive predictors of morality were briskness and sensory sensitivity.

Getting closer: Synchronous interpersonal multisensory stimulation increases closeness and attraction toward an opposite-sex other in female participants.

Experiencing tactile facial stimulation while seeing synchronous stimulations delivered to another's face induces enfacement, i.e. the subjective experience of ownership over the other's face. The synchronous Interpersonal Multisensory Stimulation (IMS) procedure leading to enfacement induces changes beyond the bodily sense of self, such as increased feeling of closeness between self and other. However, evidence for such an influence of IMS on higher-level self-other representations remains limited. Moreover, research has been restricted to settings involving a same-sex other. The current study tested, in female participants, whether IMS could promote social closeness and attraction toward an opposite-sex other. Across two experiments, enfacement with an opposite-sex face was successfully obtained. Synchronous (vs. asynchronous) IMS yielded greater closeness with the other and induced greater Liking and Attraction scores. These novel findings add further evidence to the existence of a link between body representation and social cognition. Implications for interpersonal attraction are discussed.

‘Service with a piercing’: Does it (really) influence guests’ perceptions of attraction, confidence and competence of hospitality receptionists?

This study examines how the use of a facial piercing influences the perceptions of interpersonal attraction, confidence and job suitability of hospitality receptionists. An experimental between-subjects factorial design was used employing eight descriptions of receptionists, varying in gender (male × female), facial piercing (pierced × non-pierced) and hospitality context (hostel × luxury hotel). Each description was rated by one of 275 Portuguese working adults. The results showed a significant gender effect, in that female receptionists were better rated than male in all outcomes, and a main piercing effect, since pierced employees were also better rated. Finally, interaction effects revealed that female pierced receptionists working in luxury hotels were the most well-ranked in interpersonal attractiveness and confidence but not in job suitability. The findings of this paper contribute to the service management literature by examining the role of facial piercings in influencing hospitality consumers’ responses, which have key implications for employees and service organizations.

The Impact of Manager Likeability on Sales Performance

This research examines whether it is important if salespeople like their manager. Little is known about the outcomes of manager likeability as perceived by the salesperson. This study introduces manager likeability and investigates its impact on salesperson performance. Drawing on interpersonal attraction and relational identification theory, we show that relational identification is the process by which manager likeability impacts performance. We demonstrate that in addition to driving performance via relational identification, manager likeability strengthens the effect identification has on salesperson performance. Additional analysis indicates that salesperson knowledge mediates the relationship between identification and performance. The study also has managerial implications for the recruiting, training, and development of sales managers.