Internet Users In India Research Articles

A STUDY ON CONSUMER PREFERENCE TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING BEHAVIOUR AND SATISFACTION

The rising number of Internet users in India bodes well for the future of online retail there. In order to keep their current online clients and attract new ones, e-marketers in India need to know what factors influence online behaviour and how these aspects relate to the different sorts of online buyers. The research project's overarching goal is to learn how Indian customers think about online shopping. According to this survey, information, perceived value, simplicity of use, perceived enjoyment, and security/privacy are the five most critical criteria that determine customers' attitudes of online purchasing. The reality that customers' real and expected behaviours greatly influence some decisions is one reason why consumer behaviour is seen as an applied field. Both micro and societal contexts can benefit from its data. The rapid expansion of the Internet has changed the way consumers across the globe shop for products and services. In order to stay in the game nowadays, a lot of companies are reducing their marketing budgets via the usage of the Internet, which means they can provide their products and services at lower costs. Along with information dissemination and communication, businesses also depend on the web for product sales, customer feedback, and satisfaction surveys. Keywords: -Online Shopping, Customers, Behaviour, Satisfaction

Digital Literacy Initiatives in India: Bridging the Gap for Online Education

Abstract As technology continues to change, educational change is inevitable. A lot of research is being done to understand the pros and cons of online education as compared to face-to-face education. In India, there are many challenges and opportunities for online education. In this paper, we have identified key factors that will drive online education in India through a comprehensive literature review. We have identified internet penetration, low cost of online education, ease of doing course, government initiative, employer recognition and bridging gap as the key factors for the growth of online education. There are certain factors that are hindering the growth which include inadequate digital infrastructure, credibility and language used in online education. The paper also looks at the future opportunities in the education sector with the increasing number of internet users in India.

A Study on UPI Transactions in India

The Unified Payment Interface (UPI) platform has been in use in India since 2016. The main implication of UPI is that it is helping people in multiple ways. It is not only supporting financial literacy but also contributing to financial inclusion and the economic development of the poor. Cashless payments have the potential to spur economic growth, and digital payments can have a positive impact on economic growth as they facilitate transactions, reduce costs, and improve efficiency. This study will explore the Unified Payment Interface (UPI) Ecosystem in India. It will study the trends and relationship between data usage trend, digital transactions, digital payments, and number of internet users in India. The study also highlights the usage of UPI during the years 2020, 2021, and 2022.Policymakers can use the findings of this study to frame policy for UPI more effectively in the future.

Legal Challenges in Digital Media

The rapid growth of internet users in India has ushered in the internet era, transforming the landscape of digital media consumption. This surge in internet users has been accompanied by an alarming increase in legal challenges related to digital media. From online data breaches and copyright issues to privacy threats and data loss, these challenges have become a frequent occurrence in India. This article explores the various legal challenges in digital media and their impact. It highlights the significance of intellectual property rights, including copyrights, trademarks, and patents, in the digital realm. The article also addresses concerns related to hate speech, defamation, privacy invasion, and ways to mitigate the negative impacts of digital media. By understanding and addressing these legal challenges, it becomes possible to navigate the ever-evolving landscape of digital media in India.

Ecommerce an Emerging Platform to Boost Global Economy

One of the Indian economy's fastest-growing sectors is e-commerce. E-commerce is a paradigm change that offers consumers several benefits, including reduced prices, more options, and time savings. Global e-commerce is expanding quickly. Electronic commerce encompasses the entire online process of designing, promoting, selling, delivering, servicing, and paying for goods and services in addition to just purchasing and selling goods and services online. E-commerce is growing and offering benefits not just in rich nations, but also in underdeveloped nations. E-commerce is crucial to the expansion of the Indian economy on a worldwide scale. E- Commerce is amazing platform to Promote and comprehend economic and social progress in Indian economy." Globalization, liberalisation, and the easing of restrictions on imports and exports between countries will lead to higher knowledge and information technology growth in all economies. E-commerce is having a significant impact on the Indian economy by raising income and creating more jobs in the information technology industry in a developing country. With a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 52%, e-commerce is India's fastest-evolving business and is expected to reach USD 36.7 billion by 2020. From US$ 38.5 billion in 2017, the Indian e-commerce sector is anticipated to reach US$ 200 billion by 2026. Throughout the next five years, it is anticipated to reach $100 billion, adding more than 4% to India's GDP. The effect of e-commerce on the Indian economy is discussed in this study. The retail industry in India is thought to be worth $600 billion. Just 5% of all transactions are made online nowadays. There is clearly space for development when compared to the 15% market share that ecommerce now holds in the US. Despite initiatives like "Digital India," the accessibility of smartphones, and the low cost of data plans, large portions of India's population have not yet joined the internet. By 2021, there will be 829 million internet users in India, up from 665 million in 2015. So, the market's intrinsic potential is apparent. And yet, with just 50 million online buyers, only 20 million of whom make purchases on a regular basis, ecommerce remains remarkably underdeveloped. If India wants to continue playing a key role in global ecommerce, it must address a problem like this one. To ensure that transitions go smoothly and with little disturbance, the business sector must work with the GoI on this. In order to do this, a comprehensive ecommerce framework must be created, one that integrates best governance principles while meeting the special requirements of this enormous new customer base.

DIGITAL IMMIGRANTS AND DIGITAL DECEPTION: CONSUMING AND COMBATING FAKE NEWS ONLINE

The present-day digital media ecosystem is defined by the proliferation of fake news. Although the term has become popular recently, its incidence has been exponential, and its omnipresence in the global news media, undeniable. Digital immigrants occupy an important online demographic. They represent individuals who were born prior to internet services becoming ubiquitous. They are projected to be the primary internet users in India by 2025 Statista (2022). Due to the existence of filter bubbles and algorithmic judgement on social media platforms, users get limited perspectives that reiterate their existing ideologies Baptista & Gradim (2020). This study seeks to investigate how digital immigrants understand, encounter, and respond to fake news. By conducting in-depth interviews with Indian digital immigrants, it was found that selective exposure was a predominant reason for fake news to be consumed. Confirmation bias explained why users sought out and remembered information which reinforced their ideas and attitudes, and muted and blocked sources which contradicted them. It is suggested that digital immigrants make concerted efforts such as exploring diverse points of views, undertaking basic training courses in fact-checking and source corroboration, and exhibiting cautiousness when encountering content in order to combat fake news.

A Comparative Study of Data Protection Laws: Current Global Trends, Challenges and Need of Reforms in India

“The best way to get a bad law repealed is to enforce it strictly.” Abraham Lincoln’s legacy is still relevant in this decade. The 21st century is sometimes referred to as “the information age” because of the tremendous growth in the variety of ways we use information. India is rapidly transforming into digital economy. India has also been affected by the digital revolution. Recognizing its importance and the potential for significant disruption in practically every area of society, Indian government devised and implemented the “Digital India” plan. India is on track to develop into a digital economy with a substantial market for foreign businesses. In January 2022, there were 658.0 million internet users in India. Between 2021 and 2022, there were 47 million more internet users in India (+8.2 percent). Internet penetration in India stood at 47.0% in January 2022.
 Data security and protection are crucial given the world’s increasing digitization. Processing of personal data is increasingly widespread, despite the fact that the shift to a digital economy is still in progress. Today’s digital environment makes it so that almost every action a person takes involves some sort of data transaction. New markets have emerged as a result of the Internet, particularly those whose business plans directly or indirectly involve the collection, organisation, and processing of personal data.
 It is pertinent and strange to mention the fact here that, “the world’s largest taxi company UBER owns no vehicles; Facebook, the world’s most popular social media platform, creates no content; Alibaba, the most valuable retailer, has no inventory; similarly, Airbnb, the world’s largest accommodation provider, owns no real estate”. All of these are the “Data Driven” and not the “information driven” companies. It indicates that the company collects, analyses, and applies data to make important decisions. It is a serious matter of concern around the world when it comes with right to privacy of an individual. This study deals with current data protection laws, challenges and reforms in India.

Social networking sites usage and psychological wellbeing: A survey among Telangana youth

"Societies have always been shaped more by the nature of the media by which men communicate than by the content of the communication," said Marshall McLuhan in the 1960s, commenting on the influence of broadcasting medium; further, he adds that Innumerable confusions and a profound feeling of despair invariably emerge in periods of great technological and cultural transitions (McLuhan, 1967). India is going through such a transition in this Information age, especially after the jio effect (Ghosh, 2019), which has bought millions of online by providing free High speed 4G data for more than six months as an introductory offer to increase its subscribers, both urban and rural Indian youth were quick to take advantage of the offer as youth instinctively understood the present environment (McLuhan, 1967). As of August 2021, India is the second-largest online market in the world with over 749 million internet users, internet access and use largely vary in the country due to the socio-economic divide and the number of users varied greatly among the urban and rural population (keelery, 2021). 90% of the internet users in India are on social networking sites; most of them are between 18 to 24 years of age (Keelery, Number of social network users India 2015-2040, 2021).Passive browsing social networking sites (SNSs) correlates with poorer wellbeing (Verduyn, et al., 2015). However, less research is conducted that examined the impact of social networking usage on the psychological wellbeing of Indian youth and compared rural and urban social networking usage. For a diverse sample of college students (N = 629, Mage = 21, SDage = 46.2% female), for this study social networking usage is considered as the amount of time spent on SNSs in a day and how long they have been using SNSs (in years).while the amount of time sent on SNSs has an impact on rural Indian youth, how long they have been on SNSs has an impact on psychological wellbeing of the urban Indian youth and neither the amount of time or how long they are using SNSs has impacted the semi-urban Indian youth.

New approach for a mobile device-based vehicle crime reporting and investigating system

Technology has become an important part of our day to day lives. Recent statistics indicate an upward trend in the number of users of Smartphones and the Internet, with the number of active mobile internet users in India alone reaching around 572.2 million. By aligning a solution with the present-day trend, users will not only be able to adopt it faster and easier than before, but also experience it in a familiar and straightforward framework. Through this application, we hope to make handheld devices a means for reporting and investigating vehicle crimes as much as possible without compromising the efficiency, accessibility, or privacy of its users. In addition to improving current record-keeping systems, the use of such digital resources also assists in developing better audit and monitoring systems. This system is also intended to alleviate people's anxieties about long, tedious processes of crime reporting and investigation, as well as provide the authorities with that sensitive data securely and expeditiously. In India, the crime rate rose from 172.3 in 2001 to 314.3 in 2020, with a charge sheet rate of 75.8, implementation of such systems will help to elevate our citizens and lower these figures.

By The People: How ‘clicktivism’ helped shape net neutrality in India

In March 2015, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) released a consultation paper inviting responses and comments from the public to recommendations that private telecom operators be allowed to charge extra for third-party internet-based applications and services. This was in response to certain telecom companies deciding to charge internet-based voice calls at the rate of voice calls, paving the way for differentiating between kinds of content transferred via the internet using mobile phones. In response, an unprecedented online movement inundated the TRAI website, seeking to overturn the recommendations, and laying the groundwork for what has come to be seen as robust net neutrality laws. The movement was magnified online by a group of artists, journalists, technologists, lawyers, and policy experts who came together under the Save The Internet campaign and encouraged internet users in India to take part in the consultation process. TRAI received over a million responses. It was this public outcry that defeated some of the most powerful players in the digital realm – from telecom companies to Facebook, leading to the net neutrality laws that now exist in India. This paper will attempt to chart the evolution of net neutrality in India, focusing on how the net neutrality regulations came to be. In so doing, the paper hopes to understand how a leaderless citizen movement helped shape policy within a highly technical space, normally considered the domain of ‘experts.’ As more and more ‘users’ of the internet are transformed into ‘consumers’ of internet-related products, the lines demarcating ‘consumers,’ ‘citizens,’ ‘users,’ and ‘data subjects’ are becoming increasingly blurred. In moments such as the public debate on net neutrality, not only did the ‘citizen’ aspect of internet users come to the fore, it also allowed for the observation of participatory democracy in action.

The use of social media at work place and its influence on the productivity of the employees in the era of COVID-19.

As per Internet world stats, with 560 million Internet users, India is the second largest online market in the world, ranked only behind China. Out of these 560 million Internet users in India, almost 375 million people use social media. These facts are enough to highlight the deep penetration of Internet and social media in Indian society. This deep penetration of social media among the Indian workers has further more deepened in the era of COVID-19. The employees are working from home, so they are more prone to use mobile and social media platforms for non-work-related purposes. It is a proven fact that social media has not only impacted our personal lives but also professional lives in more than one ways. Despite the previously mentioned staggering figures which show the deep penetration of Internet and social media in our Indian society, sufficient studies/researches have not been conducted to study the impact of social media on our professional lives. Keeping in mind these things, the purpose of this study is to understand the impact of social media on one of the most crucial aspects of our professional lives, i.e., labour productivity which is quite crucial not only for the success of individuals and business organizations but also for the economic growth of any country. This study also tries to highlight the other related aspects of social media usage at workplace like the perception of the employees regarding use of social media at workplace, purpose for which social media is being used by the employees and other such related issues. Primary data have been used in this study; collected through a survey from the professionals/employees who hail from different sectors/industries. The authors have used convenient sampling method to collect data to examine the impact of social media usage on the productivity of the employees in the era of COVID-19. The findings of this study offer practical insights about the various impacts of social media on work life of the employees and how their working lives have changed while working from home in the era of COVID-19. This study also offers suggestions about harnessing the benefits and minimizing the side-effects of social media usage at workplace. Both the employees and the organizations can equally take advantage of this report.

Antecedents to purchase intention in virtual market space in India: an empirical investigation

This research attempts to integrate the Virtual Try-On technology, an application of image integrative technology, and the technology acceptance framework to examine the influence of interactivity and customer involvement on the online shopping experience. It attempts to empirically test the conceptual model to establish how the virtual trial of apparel attributes influences conative responses towards an apparel retail website. The antecedents of the conative response (purchase intention) have been empirically validated for a sample size of 410 internet users in India specifically of the millennial cluster. Result reveals the importance of confidence in apparel fit, utilitarian value, and hedonic value in strengthening the purchase intention of an online shopper.Body esteem is also a significant antecedent to purchase intention, while customers shop online. This research endeavor affirms the role of a virtual trial in strengthening the purchase intention in the virtual market space. The outcomes of this study add to the body of knowledge about the efficacy of Image Integrative Technology.

Misinformation Concerns and Online News Participation among internet Users in India

The rise of misinformation often circulated in various social media platforms has not only raised concerns among the policymakers and civil society groups, but also among citizens. Drawing upon a cross-sectional survey ( n = 1,013) among English-language internet users in India, this paper tries to identify factors that affect concerns for online misinformation among citizens and how online news participation is affected by the rise of misinformation. After controlling for gender, age, education and income, we found that WhatsApp use, party identification and trust in news are positively associated with the concern for misinformation. Similarly, partisans are more likely to engage with news online. While Facebook and Twitter use are positively associated with online news sharing, the use of WhatsApp is not significant. The empirical evidence adds new insights to the literature on misinformation and online news engagement from the world’s largest democracy.

Gendered Effects of COVID-19 in India : A Metanalysis

As the COVID-19 pandemic rages on, scientists are finding that men have higher morbidity and mortality as compared to women . However, when it comes to the indirect impact of COVID-19 the evidence is disturbingly skewed against women. The virus induced lockdown and social distancing requirements have paved the way for a staggering economic and social crisis while putting women in the frontline. Unprecedented number of people have lost jobs and with women at a 19% higher risk of losing jobs than men, many have termed this recession as a ‘shecession’. Women’s participation in the workforce is critical to ensure a full and fast recovery. This seems inconceivable in the case of India, taking into perspective the pre-pandemic female labour participation rate of only 23.6 percent. Women that already spent 577 percent more time in a day on housework than men are bearing the strain of increase in unpaid household work, paid work and being a learning coach to kids. Socially considered to be the primary caregivers, they are the first ones to lose out on paid work. Severe economic distress, confinement to home, and unemployment has given rise to a substantial increase in violence against women, post lockdown. Moreover, a large pre-existing gender digital divide in India has further exacerbated the problem of access to information and services. Only 29 percent of internet users in India are women. In today’s online learning and working reality, this has grave ramifications for female education, drop-out rate and employment. Experts are calling for targeted action to counter this gender-regressive scenario even while the Government’s response in this subject remains apathetic. Given this backdrop, the objective of this paper is to explore the gender aspect of the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of India and its impact on Indian economy and society. For this purpose this paper has analyzed the contributing socio-economic and cultural factors before and during the COVID-19 induced pandemic to get a holistic understanding.

Perspective of online retailing in India

Online retailing is a global trend which is rapidly gaining momentum in India. The study aims to estimate the challenges and opportunities of online retail business in the Indian market. A SWOT analysis has been performed from the assessment of literature review. The growing number of internet users in India provides a great opportunity foronline retail market. With advent of various payment methods like net banking, mobile apps, wallet payments systems, the transaction procedures have easen up which lead to increase use of online buying channels. Cash on delivery has also entrusted customers. The key challenges are to maintain the privacy of customer personal and financial data, to have smooth logistics network, to improve reach of online market to rural customers, handling fake websites etc. Recommendations are made at the end suggesting that it is paramount for a large consumer market like India to put an effective framework which can help in leveraging the opportunities generated from online retail market space. Keywords: Online retail industry, Challenges, Opportunities, SWOT, Online retail market.

PREPARATION OF SAINDHAVADI EYE DROPS: AN AYURVEDIC FORMULATION FOR COMPUTER VISION SYNDROME

Eyes hold a unique position among all the sense organs. Eyes are the most valuable gift of God to the living beings. Primary importance has been given for the protection of eyes by ancient Indian scholar because without eyes whole world is full of darkness. Acharya Vagbhata says that as long as there is desire for liv-ing, so long all efforts should be made always by men to protect the eyes; because for the blind man, night and day are the same; all the things of this world are useless though he might have plenty of money. In this present time, the human lifestyle has been radically changed. When the human race evolved, hunting was very crucial for survival; hence, they were focused for distant vision works that could allow the man to hunt. As the passage of time, science become more developed more and more vehicle develop for liveli-hood. These days, no longer he requires hunting in the forests. Rather, he has to track the internet on com-puter in a closed compartment. With over 560 million internet users, India is the second largest online mar-ket1 in the world, ranked only behind China. By 2021, there will be over 600 million internet users in India. But in modern system of medicine there is no permanent cure except temporary relieve by artificial tears. Ayurveda is good treatment of the choice.

An Efficient Ad Click Prediction System using Machine Learning Techniques

Ad-click prediction is a learning problem that is highly related to the multi-billion-dollar ad- promoting the online advertising industry. As the number of internet users in India reached 525 million in 2019, online advertising companies are trying to influence internet usage users for promoting their business. Machine learning is a technique in which systems getting to act without any explicit programming. Currently, machine learning is pervasive today and we can use machine learning models in every research field. The accuracy of the ad-click prediction system impacts business revenue, so it is very important to build a prediction system with fewer false positives and false negatives.in this paper, we proposed an ad-click prediction system based on machine learning techniques. The dataset is taken from Kaggle. The dataset contains nine features. The goal of the model is to evaluate the probability of an online user to click on a given ad. We built a machine learning model based on these features. We applied a voting classifier on the dataset and achieved an accuracy of 98%.We used python language for implementation.

Examining role of trust in shaping online shopping attitude among women: an empirical assessment

Regardless of this rise in the number of internet users in India, the penetration rate of internet shopping in the country still remains little. Thus, this paper emphasises on building a framework around the factors that are responsible for lack of trust in Indian women consumers on internet shopping and presentation their effect on the women consumers' shopping attitude. A sample of 508 women was administered across India. Techniques of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis as well as structure equation modelling with AMOS were employed to confirm factor configuration and to perform second-order SEM on the nine-point Likert scale. The results signify that the three antecedents impact trust in e-commerce among women in India and there is a positive impact of trust in e-commerce on online shopping attitude among women online shoppers in India, whereas age has no significant moderation effect on the relationship between trust and attitude towards online shopping.

Awareness of Farm Women in Regards To Agricultural Coverage in Media

In most developing countries, like India, women are responsible for nutrition and food security at household level and even at agricultural level whereas they are not considered ‘farmers’. They just do this duty as being addressed as housewives. Whereas, women are more than that.The 2020 prediction says that more than half of new Internet users in India will be from rural societies, and rural users will constitute almost half (48%) of connected users (The Rising Connected Consumer in Rural India: by The Boston Consulting Group suggests). Also, number of Indian rural internet users will reach to 315 million users in 2020. The growth will be driven by cheaper handsets, explosion of wireless and wireline networks. Even various studies after 201 suggested that Facebook, WhatsApp and YouTube are now being used to share diverse farming based information across different parts of India. Similarly, the contribution of females, in modern times, is unlimited both at home and farm. Women have an understanding of the latest technologies which could be amalgamated with agriculture. For Agriculture, media aims at encouraging national integration, dissemination of message, educating women, providing healthy entertainment and spreading of essential knowledge to fuel agricultural production.Punjab is a land of farming and known as ‘Bread Basket’ and its women are equally contributing in the agriculture. In the various villages of Punjab, women are oriented to farming and use Media for agricultural tips, agricultural know-hows, recipes, sessions based on agriculture, etc. Even a wide range of mass media including newspaper, magazines, books, radio, television etc. are being utilised by farm women based in Punjab. The following study will focus on the utilisation of Media, in various forms, by farm women of Village Pakhowal, Punjab for analysing agricultural coverage.

Is internet hampering mental health of medical students: a cross sectional study

Background: Internet addiction was first studied in 1996 and findings were presented to American Psychological Association. Recent studies examined the prevalence of Internet addiction and investigated its causes. Internet users in India are around 205 million. Internet usage among medical students is high. Internet addiction has both physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms. This study aims to understand the patterns of internet use and its effects on mental health among medical college students. The objectives of the study were to study the patterns of internet usage among medical college students and to study the depression in them and its relation to internet usage.Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted in government medical college. Taking prevalence of mild internet addiction 34% from previous Indian studies, minimum sample size of 90 was calculated. 23 students of 1st, 2nd 3rd year and internship were randomly chosen for study. Pretested Young’s 20-item IAT scale and DASS 21 questionnaire was used for the study. Statistical analysis was done using percentage and chi square test.Results: Mild internet addiction was found in one third of medical students. Depression is seen in 61% of students with internet addiction.Conclusions: Internet addiction is affecting mental health of medical students.