Internet Slang Research Articles

Slang feature extraction by analysing topic change on social media

Recently, the authors often see words such as youth slang, neologism and Internet slang on social networking sites (SNSs) that are not registered on dictionaries. Since the documents posted to SNSs include a lot of fresh information, they are thought to be useful for collecting information. It is important to analyse these words (hereinafter referred to as ‘slang’) and capture their features for the improvement of the accuracy of automatic information collection. This study aims to analyse what features can be observed in slang by focusing on the topic. They construct topic models from document groups including target slang on Twitter by latent Dirichlet allocation. With the models, they chronologically the analyse change of topics during a certain period of time to find out the difference in the features between slang and general words. Then, they propose a slang classification method based on the change of features.

ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ В ДЕРИВАЦИИ МОЛОДЕЖНОГО СЛЕНГА

The last decades have been marked by enormous changes in the life of the society through the introduction of new technologies in it. The processes of computerization of all aspects of the society life are represented significantly in the language. The Internet determines largely the style of today’s communication. These processes are especially acute in the youth sphere, in which any changes occur most fully and rapidly. This article deals with the problem of changing the normative language in the context of the popularization of virtual communication. Basing on the analysis of the most frequently used expressions in social networks, the main ways of derivation of units of youth Internet slang are identified.

Large-scale machine learning of media outlets for understanding public reactions to nation-wide viral infection outbreaks.

From May to July 2015, there was a nation-wide outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in Korea. MERS is caused by MERS-CoV, an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Coronaviridae. Despite expert opinions that the danger of MERS might be exaggerated, there was an overreaction by the public according to the Korean mass media, which led to a noticeable reduction in social and economic activities during the outbreak. To explain this phenomenon, we presumed that machine learning-based analysis of media outlets would be helpful and collected a number of Korean mass media articles and short-text comments produced during the 10-week outbreak. To process and analyze the collected data (over 86 million words in total) effectively, we created a methodology composed of machine-learning and information-theoretic approaches. Our proposal included techniques for extracting emotions from emoticons and Internet slang, which allowed us to significantly (approximately 73%) increase the number of emotion-bearing texts needed for robust sentiment analysis of social media. As a result, we discovered a plausible explanation for the public overreaction to MERS in terms of the interplay between the disease, mass media, and public emotions.

Looping out loud: A multimodal analysis of humour on Vine

Launched in 2013, Vine is a popular microblogging service that allows users to record, edit, and share six-second videos that loop ad libitum, until another video is selected. At this time, the communicative, expressive, and semiotic affordances of Vine and similar services have still to be fully explored by users and scholars alike. Through a multimodal analysis approach drawing on New London Group’s (1996) work, this paper investigates how people construct humour on Vine by artfully arranging different modes of expression. The analysis focused on user-enacted humour, as opposed to captured comical scenes or bare samples taken from TV shows or movies. The study hypothesises the social construction of a novel humorous language that draws on extant forms of humour and a variety of modes and techniques derived from audio-visual media and computer-mediated communication, as users inventively exploit the framework provided by the Vine platform. Findings show that users create instant characters to amplify the impact of their solo video recordings, use Vine as a “humorous confessional”, explore the potential of hand-held media by relying on “one hand and face” expressivity (the other hand holding the device for the video “selfie”), and use technology, internet slang, internet acronyms, emoticons/emojis, and hashtags to convey humour and complement the messages of the videos they post on Vine. The goal of this study is an exploratory analysis of humour and its discursive functions in an emergent social medium by considering its affordances, as users find new and creative ways to harness its expressive potential.

Vahid Online: Post-2009 Iran and the Politics of Citizen Media Convergence

An attempt is made to study the social network site, Vahid Online, pseudonym of a leading Iranian activist who has the largest social media followership online. Vahid Online is Iran’s leading distributor of information about social and political news about Iran, a source of information used by citizens and journalists. Similar to Twitter, Vahid Online posts, shares, and communicates news in short messages with hyperlinks, hashtags, or internet slang for multimedia purposes. In this networking media space, citizen journalism is assumed the civic responsibility of news and information dissemination with a perceived conception of internet as an agency of change. Vahid Online, I argue, is representative of an individuated networking activism in the new technology for information production. Technology, likewise, is imagined as a political agency and, in turn, citizenship is redefined through technology that carries the promise of change. It is also argued that Vahid Online’s conception of citizen journalism is directly born out of the Green Movement in 2009, a protest movement against the 2009 presidential elections with a self-image of networked citizenship with a relative reliance on a weak tie model of civic association. The notion of citizen journalism examined here is one of civic participatory activism in archiving the collection, reporting, and dissemination of news through the merging of diverse media technologies in an attempt to create and distribute the most impact spreading news. The paper finally offers a critical analysis and argues that Vahid Online is more about individuated network framing of a privileged politics through practice of new technology.

Who creates Trends in Online Social Media: The Crowd or Opinion Leaders?

Trends in online social media always reflect the collective attention of a vast number of individuals across the network. For example, Internet slang words can be ubiquitous because of social memes and online contagions in an extremely short period. From Weibo, a Twitter-like service in China, we find that the adoption of popular Internet slang words experiences two peaks in its temporal evolution, in which the former is relatively much lower than the latter. This interesting phenomenon in fact provides a decent window to disclose essential factors that drive the massive diffusion underlying trends in online social media. Specifically, the in-depth comparison between diffusions represented by different peaks suggests that more attention from the crowd at early stage of the propagation produces large-scale coverage, while the dominant participation of opinion leaders at the early stage just leads to popularity of small scope. Our results quantificationally challenge the conventional hypothesis of influentials. And the implications of these novel findings for marketing practice and influence maximization in social networks are also discussed.

Various Influences on Young People’s Language

This article deals with the characteristics of young people’s language as a discourse community on online social networks (Facebook). The analysis focuses on the presence of elements of internet slang and dialect and regional colloquial linguistic elements in young people’s language on online social networks. In addition, it examines the influence of English on young people’s language and its presence in their slang. The hypotheses are supported with examples and the results of a survey.

Language contacts in Georgian Internet forums

Abstract This paper reviews different types of language contacts found in Georgian forum discussions. We will consider natural, oral/written and natural/electronic language contacts, style-shifting and mixed contacts. The frequency and the reason of the use of borrowings, code-switching and shortenings will be considered as well as the question of why Georgian language does not allow some shortening forms – specific for English, French or German internet slang – will be discussed.

Normalization of Noisy Text Data

The impact of Social media and SMS is increasing in our daily lives. These sources provide the analysts with large amount of text data for data mining and finding patterns. However, this data is notoriously noisy as people use lot of short hand language and hence destroying its utility for analyzing. Hence, it is important to convert this noisy text into Standard English. In this paper, we target the not-in-vocabulary (NIV) words present in these sources and propose a method to identify and normalize these NIV words. Complied databases and context are exploited to replace the ill-formed words and select the best possible correction for that word. This method can also replace internet slang into pure English and correct the spelling errors made to some extent.

The Use Of Slang Amongst Undergraduate Students Of A Malaysian Public University

Slang is the use of highly informal words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker's dialect or language. Slang is very often colloquial: the language and dialect tend to be specific to a particular territory. Slang is a central part of young generation's experience, but contrary to many adults perception of slang as more or less uniform youth language The social meaning of slang is as variable as the teenagers who use it. In short, slang is an integral part of teenage communication. It gives them an identity of youth style of expression. Though slangs are language and culture specific, but they are often transmitted from one culture and language to another. Recent electronic communications contribute a lot in this process. The aim of this study was to show that if Malaysian youth use English slang in their language. The two major objectives were: 1. to illustrate if Malaysian youth are familiar with slang. 2. To examine what kind of slang they use more in compare with other kinds of slang. A pilot-test consists of 20 slang items was administered to 60 students. The respondents were in final semester of bachelor of English language at UPM. The data obtained from the study was coded and analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (spss). The analyzing of data showed that the internet slang, abbreviations slang, and movie slang are used frequently by youth generation. It seems that they are familiar with these sorts of slang. The reasons can be because of using internet a lot nowadays, another reason can be media, which has the most important role in this case.

Discourse of Twitter and social media

Preface (by Professor Jim Martin) 1. Introduction: Social Media and the Cultural Movement Toward 'Searchable Talk' 2. Social Media as Corpora 3. Evaluative Language Online 4. Internet Slang 5. Internet Memes 6. Internet Humour and Fail: The world is full of No. fail tonight 7. Online Political Discourse 8. Ambient Affiliation 9. Conclusion: Social Media and Internet Linguistics References Appendices Index.

Refashioning Print Literature:

In addressing the issue of modern China and world literature in the age of globalization, we should not neglect this fact: in contemporary Chinese society as well as elsewhere, the elite literary market has been increasingly shrinking, with more and more readers reading online rather than in the libraries, for there have appeared numerous netizens who write and publish online. I think it's hard to say whether or not the Internet will ruin or contrib- ute to the popularization of serious literature: a lot of print literature, chiefly serious literature, is likely to be published on the Internet, but although that means fewer books will be printed on paper, it also means that it will pos- sible for more and more readers to get access to serious literature, including translated world literature online. Since translated literature comprises a large part of the literary market, Internet writing might well contribute a bit to the popularization of world literature in China as well. But my concern in this article is the extent to which the Internet will help to popularize literature. Obviously, the emergence of the Internet in our daily lives provides us with a new way to communicate and express our feelings and opinions. As a global system of interconnected computer networks, the Internet con- nects billions of users (or their computers) worldwide by using the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP). Thus, for most users, it is the first time that they have not been limited by space and time in communicating with others, and they now have the opportunity to know other people's (public or private) stories and share their experiences in just a matter of seconds. Speed changes everything and makes things go more smoothly in our lives. Not only do the younger generations like to communicate online, but even the older scholars are gradually taking interest in communicating through the Internet.

From poets to padonki: Linguistic authority and norm negotiation in modern Russian culture (review)

Ingunn Lunde and Martin Paulsen, eds. From poets to padonki: Linguistic authority and norm negotiation in modern Russian culture. Bergen: University of Bergen, 2009. [Slavica Bergensia, 9.] The issues discussed in From poets to padonki became a part of my life in 1999 when I began my university studies and using Russian and Estonian became my everyday reality. Choosing different languages for different purposes, code-switching, and multilingual play have all been part of my daily use for the last eleven years. This collection challenges definitions of what can be meant by language, and the linguistic norm. It acquaints readers with a wide range of linguistic phenomena in modern Russian culture. Padonki refers to a subculture within the Russian-speaking Internet (Runet), whose representatives use erratic spellings for words, aiming at creating a comic effect. Their nickname padonki itself illustrates such a trend--it is an alteration of podonki 'dregs'. Padonki is also characterized by gratuitous use of profanity and a penchant for obscene subjects. During the last decade, a body of literature has emerged proposing that (socio)linguists direct their attention away the traditional focus of linguistics, i.e., as a bounded system, towards broader semiotic resources, to see what is really going on when people use language (Stroud 2003, Jacquemet 2005, Shohamy 2006, Makoni and Pennycook 2007, Blommaert 2010). The notion of language becomes especially questionable in cases of (multilingual) computer-mediated communication. The last decade has also witnessed rising scholarly interest in on and of the Internet in general and in e-mails and postings on Internet discussion forums or message boards in particular (e.g., Koutsogiannis and Mitsikopoulou 2003, Palfreyman and al Khalil 2003, Hinrichs 2006, Dorleijn and Nortier 2009, Androutsopoulos 2006, 2009). Garda (2009: 32) instead of language offers a more suitable term for the multiple discursive practices--languaging, i.e., social practices that are actions performed by our meaning-making selves. For her, dialects, pidgins, creoles, and academic are all examples of languaging, as there are differences between practices at home, in communities, and in academic contexts. I would argue that standard languages are idealized constructs, and none can remain unaffected by contacts during its entire history. While studying use by individuals, it is important to shift from focus on structure to focus on function--from focus on linguistic form in isolation to linguistic form in human context (Hymes 1974: 77). The volume under review offers fascinating reading for (socio)linguists, who work with different manifestations of real practices rather than seeking for linguistic norm descriptions. Comprising 17 contributions written in English and Russian, the book summarizes analyses of the norm in modern Russian culture based on data multiple sources: fiction, Internet slang, literary criticism and aesthetics, writers' blogs, linguistic play, and various arenas for 'talk about talk,' such as the classroom, blogs, the media, the courtroom, etc. (11). The book opens with Ingunn Lunde and Martin Paulsen's excellent general introduction, an insightful synthesis of how various approaches to the standard Russian language, its norms, and linguistic standards see the history, development, and future of the Russian culture. The first paper, Living by Henning Andersen, gives a comprehensive overview of the history and development of the notion of norms. Andersen reviews historical contributions to the understanding of norms. Making a distinction between declarative and deontic norms and dividing them further into explicit and implicit norms, he highlights the leading ideas in the field of (socio)linguistic studies that concern the position of norms. …

ИНТЕРНЕТ-КОММУНИКАЦИЯ В ЗЕРКАЛЕ МЕТАФОРЫ

This article analyzes the metaphoric subsystem of the Internet slang, defines the main lexical groups which are used as the source of the forming of the figurative slang meanings and gives their comparison with the general language tendencies. The article considers the system of metaphor as the reflection of the original world picture of the idiom users.

A ilusão da argumentação no diálogo entre a mídia e a lingüística: o caso do “internetês”

O presente trabalho é parte de um projeto de pesquisa queestuda os discursos circulantes na mídia acerca da língua e asrespostas que a lingüística tem tentado oferecer a eles,focalizando a constituição da argumentação no interior dostextos através dos quais tais discursos têm circulado. Nessesentido, são acionados os conceitos de polifonia e de orientaçãoargumentativa tal como tratados na semântica da enunciação,além do conceito de encadeamento argumentativo próprio dateoria da argumentação na língua. Neste artigo, são discutidostrês textos que tratam do tema “internetês”, dois delespublicados em revistas de divulgação da área de línguaportuguesa (de autoria de um lingüista e de um jornalista) eum terceiro publicado em um jornal de circulação diária. Osprimeiros resultados do trabalho confirmam as hipótesesiniciais: o diálogo entre a mídia e a lingüística tem seconstituído como um espaço de “não-escuta”, uma vez queseus respectivos discursos não parecem afetados pelo discursodo outro, fato que decorre dos deslizamentos de sentido que aderiva promove na linguagem. Isto se vê, por exemplo, nasreportagens jornalísticas que, embora citem opiniões delingüistas, parecem ignorá-las, produzindo efeitos de sentidoque evidenciam o fato de que a argumentação é ilusão.

A Brief Bibliography of Internet Theatre Resources Beyond Email: Excerpts from Ken McCoy's "Guide to Internet Resources in Theatre and Performance Studies"

COMMENTS ON PROCESS A Brief Bibliography of Internet Theatre Resources Beyond Email: Excerpts from Ken McCoy's 'Guide to Internet Resources in Theatre and Performance Studies" Ken McCoy The Internet, even for those of us who understand it and regularly access its resources, is a changing entity. Rather than existing as a "superhighway" where entrances and exits are few and plainly marked, the current state of the Internet is more akin to a web of county roads that occasionally converge on entrance ramps to those 3-digit interstates that circle large cities. In other words, it's often just one big, confusing mess. Surprisingly, many community-minded individuals, mostly librarians and other information management specialists, are hard at work mapping the highways and byways of this terra incognita, neither asking for renumeration nor imposing particularly stringent copyright rules. Not so surprisingly, major book publishers are wasting no time in plotting their own versions of "superhighway " maps, always at a profit, to the unsuspecting consumer. I find it perfectly ironic that we must resort to a print medium to navigate an electronic network of networks which changes every day simply because it can. The latest and greatest "Internet guide" at your local bookstore is doomed to obsolescence , often before it even goes to press. And yet, here we are, with me typing my opinions on my home/office computer and you reading it from the printed page, many months hence. I am somewhat surprised that, as far as I know, Deb Torres, Martha Vander KoIk, and I are the only people making a concerted effort to maintain our guides to theatre on the Internet. My list is short; theirs is very well annotated. Perhaps one or two guides swimming around in cyberspace is enough. Perhaps there are other people out there, secretly compiling lists of 89 90 Ken McCoy resources that have been useful to them. Perhaps, for the most productive use of these new tools of the information age, we must each become list-keepers, note-takers, and sharers of the resources we cull from the ether free of charge (or bibliographic credit as we know it) to the academic community and to other seekers of knowledge (like Andrew Kraft—see below). In that spirit, I undertake to share with you, the reader, my meager knowledge of Internet resources in our discipline, which I discover and catalogue by perpetually browsing these same resources for announcements and invitations from those new resources which appear at random across my computer screen. In Internet slang, I am a "lurker," only occasionally joining in a debate, asking or answering a question, or responding to a plea for help. What follows is a list of resources—beyond e-mail listing services (listservs)—which have been of value to me in my Internet "surfing" over the past couple of years. Since it probably took several months for my article to get to press, what follows may be already obsolete, as resources rise and fall, and those who have the time to be the keepers of these resources become occupied with more pressing career matters or lose access to the site where their resources reside. After all, graduate students must graduate, and professors have been known to change jobs occasionally. The resources listed below are accessed most productively through a variety of software tools, usually gopher, telnet/ftp, e-mail, or a World-WideWeb client such as lynx or Mosaic. For a truly useful understanding of the terms "gopher," "telnet," "ftp," "e-mail," "lynx," and "Mosaic," I suggest that you consult one of the many articles that are written daily concerning basic access tools to the Internet, or better, consult your site's help documents or system operator. Since the computer world runs on software, and many different versions of software types, packages, and operating systems exist to perform the same function, publishing a cogent step-by-step explanation of how to run the gopher program from my university DCL/VAX account, for example, would only leave those who connect outside my campus in the cold. So I present to you the fruits of my own curiosity. Go forth and do the same. 1. Online Databases and...