Internet Ethics Research Articles

Deterioration of the deterrence function against the information criminal

Summary The characteristics of cybercriminal are throwing their repercussions on the function of public deterrence and private deterrence in light of the traditional criminal methods established to treat with classical crimes. In an attempt to overcome these repercussions, it is necessary to diversify the penalties for crimes that occur in the digital environment and to move towards alternative penalties that have been proven effective in reforming and rehabilitating offenders, such as the punishment of community service or wearing an electronic bracelet applied in some countries and other modern methods. As well as working to intensify efforts to spread cyber-ethics starting from the childhood stage by adding cyber-ethics to educational curricula to avoid all forms of computer related crimes; As Teaching computer and internet ethics is an essential step in combating crime. Keywords: Cybercriminal, Public deterrence, Private deterrence, Deterrence obstacles, Rehabilitation

An Information Ethics Framework Based on ICT Platforms

With continuing developments in artificial intelligence (AI) and robot technology, ethical issues related to digital humans, AI avatars, intelligent process automation, robots, cyborgs, and autonomous vehicles are emerging, and the need for cultural and social sustainability through AI ethics is increasing. Moreover, as the use of video conferencing and metaverse platforms has increased due to COVID-19, ethics concepts and boundaries related to information and communications technology, cyber etiquette, AI ethics, and robot ethics have become more ambiguous. Because the definitions of ethics domains may be confusing due to the various types of computing platforms available, this paper attempts to classify these ethics domains according to three main platforms: computing devices, intermediary platforms, and physical computing devices. This classification provides a conceptual ethics framework that encompasses computer ethics, information ethics, cyber ethics, robot ethics, and AI ethics. Several examples are provided to clarify the boundaries between the various ethics and platforms. The results of this study can be the educational basis for the sustainability of society on ethical issues according to the development of technology.

PENGUATAN KESEHATAN MENTAL KOMUNITAS DALAM MENCEGAH KEKERASAN SEKSUAL DI DESA MANGUNJAYA

Learning healthy internet ethics is one of the lessons that needs to be delivered from an early age so that internet users can use and use the internet in a healthy and safe manner. Lack of parental control over their children when accessing the internet in the environment where these activities are carried out. This needs to be conveyed to increase awareness of the internet world and the ability to sort out the content that is accessed, it is necessary to have an understanding of the importance of healthy and safe internet usage. Sexual violence can occur in children and adolescents, because they are considered as someone who is weak and has a high dependence on the adults around them. Sexual violence in dating in the results of the data obtained often occurs in adolescents aged from 15 years. Therefore, the authors hold psychoeducational activities about healthy internet and self-control training for teenagers about healthy internet using the webinar (zoom meeting) method, KSDP Psychoeducation (Sexual Violence in Dating) for teenagers using whatsapp group media and making physical media in the form of posters and videos. uploaded via social media Tiktok with Action Stop Sexual Violence against Women and Children.

Ethics of Internet Use (Digital Netiquette) in UU ITE Perspective: Building a Courteous Digital Culture in the Era of Digital Transformation

The flow of globalization and the development of industry 4.0 is experiencing an acceleration phase which ultimately creates a new order, namely the era of digital transformation in life that does not only touch aspects of science and technology but also aspects of the socio-cultural and spiritual aspects of society. However, in its development the Internet is now experiencing problems such as problems with access to the Internet and interactions and social expressions that are less polite and ignore the ethics that have been upheld and have become the identity of the Indonesian people who are known for their good manners. Therefore, it is necessary to use etiquette or netiquette in using the Internet which basically, netiquette or Internet ethics (digital netiquette) is a guideline to behave in accordance with the normative rules that exist in the Internet environment. Internet ethics is a mandatory part that must be considered by Internet users in addition, Internet ethics is a code of ethics that applies in the Internet community. In addition to ethics, in Indonesia there is an Electronic Information and Transaction Law (bahasa: Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE)) which regulates how interactions, communications, and transactions must be carried out via the Internet and sanctions if violated, so as to create a climate of Internet ethics (digital netiquette) in building a polite digital culture in the era of digital transformation.

Moral Observer-Licensing in Cyberspace.

Moral observer-licensing happens when observers condone actors’ morally questionable conduct due to the actors’ history of moral behaviors. In four studies (N = 808), we investigated this phenomenon in the context of cyberspace and its contributing factors and boundary conditions. The pilot study determined what participants perceived as typically moral and immoral behaviors in cyberspace. Then, in Study 1, participants condemned a story character’s online immoral behavior less often when they were informed of the character’s prior online moral behavior than when they were not, which indicates moral observer-licensing in cyberspace. Study 2 confirmed the presence of moral observer-licensing in cyberspace and further demonstrated that a character’s prior moral or immoral behavior online respectively reduces or intensifies the perceived negativity of the character’s subsequent immoral behavior. Finally, Study 3 showed that participants who identified with the victim in a hypothetical scenario showed less forgiveness and more condemnation of a character’s immoral behavior than those who identified with the perpetrator or the bystander. These findings are of theoretical and practical significance for our understanding of cyber ethics.

Composition and Validity of a Youth Cyber Ethics Group Education Program

인터넷으로 인한 여러 심각한 사회문제들이 대두되면서, 사이버 윤리 규범과 가치를 제고할 필요에 대한 목소리가 높아지고 있다. 더 나아가 사이버 공간에서 지켜야 할 도덕적 원리를 표면적으로 학습하는 수준에 머물기보다, 가치판단이 필요한 상황에서 주어진 문제를 비판적으로 이해하고 주체적으로 자신의 생각을 표현하는 주체적인 윤리적 의사결정이 강조되고 있다. 이러한 필요성을 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 윤리적 결정에 초점을 둔 사이버 윤리 구조화 집단 교육 프로그램을 구성 및 개발하였다. 대상자인 초기 청소년이 이해하기 적합한 프로그램을 구성하기 위하여, 프로그램 개발 절차에 따라 프로그램을 기획 및 수정하고 재구성하는 과정을 거쳤으며 이에 대한 효과를 검증하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 효과성 검증 결과, 측정 시기에 따른 차이가 유의하게 나타났으며, 프로그램 참여 이후 참여 청소년들의 사이버 윤리의식이 평균 8.1% 향상된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 사이버 윤리의식 구인 별로 살펴보면 책임과 지식에서 측정 시기에 따른 유의한 변화가 나타났다. 마지막으로 구인 별 하위 척도의 결과를 살펴보면 시기에 따라서 책임의 책임 인지와 지식의 이용지식과 윤리지식에서 유의한 향상이 나타난 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 통해 초기 청소년의 사이버 윤리교육에 대한 제안점을 도출하였다.

CYBER ETHICS: AN IMPORTANT CONCEPT TO BECOME A RESPONSIBLE CYBER CITIZEN

In this digital era with more and more advancements there has been an increase in cyber security related issues. To address such things cyber ethics related awareness among common people is of utmost importance. While using cyber space we need to be ethically correct. It’s our responsibility to be a good and morally strong cyber citizen. The concept of cyber ethics deals with various code of ethics. There is a great need for cyber ethics as various cyber related issues are increasing like spying, frauds, exploitative conduct. Preventive measures to deal with cyber crime related issues should be known by all. Some awareness programs should be conducted regarding various cyber ethics and cyber crime. Everyone must understand their responsibilities for conducting themselves online. An important component of that is Cyber Ethics. We all should implement cyber ethics to be a good “cyber citizens”.

TAII Framework Applied to Metaverse and AI Development a Case for Cyber Ethics

TAII Framework Applied to Metaverse and AI Development a Case for Cyber Ethics

Analysis of the Effectiveness of a General Education Course in Personality Education Centered on Ethics of Life Practice －Case Study in S University

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a general education course in personality education centered on ethics of life practice within personality education at universities. The subject of the S Honor Code course attempted to cultivate global citizens with a good personality to adapt well to the future society by examining ethical norms to be observed in college life and daily life and practicing them in real life. The subject areas covered in this course are distinguished from other universities' personality education in the areas of life, such as cyber ethics, study ethics, human rights ethics, family ethics (parent-child relations, marital relations), interpersonal ethics (dating relationships, communication), and Christian ethics. The ethics in life were practiced in the students’real life.</br>The effect of improving personality and core competency was confirmed based on the response data of 86 students taking the S Honorary Code course and 29 students taking the elective course. This study confirmed that the S Honor Code course, centered on ethics of life practice, had a positive effect on the students' personality development in all areas of cognition, emotion, and behavior. It also contributed to the improvement of core competencies in critical thinking/problem solving, creative thinking, communication, cooperation, and learning capabilities.</br>Personality education centered on life ethics not only fosters knowledge of personality virtues but also provides opportunities to practice ethics in school, at home, and in society. Thus, it can be applied as a new form of personality education and provide implications for how personality education develops in the future.

Analysis of Digital Literature on Students in Faculty of Teacher Training and Education as a Prospective Teacher

This research is to reveal how the ability to use and understand digital literacy of students as prospective teachers in FKIP. This is in line with the digital literacy program launched by the Ministry of Education and Culture in 2018. The method used is descriptive quantitative. As the main data in the form of student questionnaire answers that utilize electronic questionnaire instruments distributed through social media. The population of this research is active students at FKIP University Dr. Soetomo Surabaya with a sample size of 140 is random sampling, with an error rate of 4.5%. Data analysis by converting the attitude scale in a value scale of 1-5, to calculate the average value as a generalization of the research results. The results showed that the students' ability in digital literacy was at a level between quite capable and capable. As for those who have reached the fully capable level in the aspects of using search engines of data, creating good communication on the internet, especially on social media, and understanding the existence of internet ethics, copyright issues and plagiarism.

A Critical Analysis of the Need for a Stronger International Legal Framework for Cyber Ethics in Times of Pandemic

Cyber technologies have changed both social and international relations dramatically. The influence of information and telecommunication technologies (hereafter – ICTs) extends from daily life to fundamental freedoms, economies, public administration and political relations. Recent changes brought by coronavirus has emphasized the world’s heavy dependence on ICTs. The technologies provide a virtual environment for normal working processes, ensure e-procurement for medical equipment and supplies, raise awareness of coronavirus prevention, maintain people’s life at hospitals etc. However, ICTs not only provide considerable benefits to society as a whole, but also can be used for criminal purposes as well as in manner inconsistent with the Charter of the United Nations to inflict substantial damage to critical infrastructure of a state, interfere in elections, block e-government and bank services etc. The pandemic has led to the introduction of new cyber challenges and risks. At the same time, there is no international treaty on cybersecurity as well as on combating cybercrime concluded under the auspices of the United Nations that could be applicable to cope with these newly emerged threats. In this situation, cybersecurity challenges might be addressed through ethical norms, which are more flexible than international legal norms. Thus, in the absence of comprehensive legal response to cyber risks cyber ethics is particularly important. Therefore, the article analyzes international legal basis for international cyber ethics. It distinguishes the types of international relations that are regulated by ethical norms. The research defines new risks to cyber security that have emerged during the pandemic and discusses possible ways to respond them through cyber ethics. The paper expresses a view that ethical rules concerning friendly and responsible state behaviour in the context of combating cybercrime should be reflected in an international convention on countering the use of information and communications technologies for criminal purposes, which is going to be developed under the auspices of the United Nations.

Evaluating Students’ Cyber Ethics Awareness in a Gender-Segregated Environment Under the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic

Cyber ethics are essential components of information technology. The COVID-19 situation has brought unprecedented challenges to traditional higher education institutions, especially for students using their electronic devices in all their learning activities. This study focused on cyber ethics perceptions among university undergraduates’ students during COVID-19 conditions. It aims to analyze the extent to which distinct attributes, such as gender, education level, grades, or Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA), and major are related to cyber ethics awareness. An online survey was conducted on a sample of 322 undergraduates studying Information Technology majors and other majors to assess university students' cyber ethics awareness levels at a University in the UAE. The results show that, in general, respondents were aware of cyber ethics. In particular, gender and education level were found to directly affect cyber ethics awareness, while major and grades have no statistically significant effect.

Locked the Car, Why Not the Computer: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study on Data Safety Compliance.

Information technology has become an integral part of health care in the United Kingdom National Health Service (NHS). All health care professionals are required to have a certain level of cyber ethics and knowledge of computers. This is assured by regular mandatory training. The government of the United Kingdom has charted out a course to strengthen cyber security and prevent any crises like Wannacry. Simple things like leaving a computer unlocked can pose a potential threat to the cyber security of the whole NHS. These cannot be addressed with money alone, as they involve complex interactions of human factors. Such seemingly simple non-compliance results often in harm to the patient or breach of confidentiality. We tried to find out the compliance among junior doctors to the Trust Information Technology (IT) Safe Usage Policy. We made interventions and interviewed junior doctors to find out the reasons for non-compliance. We re-audited in order to see if our interventions helped. We also audited compliance in another Trust independently, which showed that this problem is not specific to a particular trust. Here we suggest the changes that all Trusts can make and follow our model to audit their compliance.

Hacia el Humanismo Digital desde un denominador común para la Cíber Ética y la Ética de la Inteligencia Artificial

From an express option in favour of the human, the article is structured as a response to the following research question: Could we identify a common ethical denominator that could serve as a proposal for a Digital Humanism: for a situation in which humanity, freeing itself from avoidable suffering, manages to deploy its potential to achieve sustainable economic development and technical and political progress capable of giving rise to human flourishing? All of this, within the framework of the Cyber Society and placing the person and his or her dignity at the centre of the whole process related to the Artificial Intelligence of the present and the future. On the basis of the Philosophy of Technology, and after taking into account the conditions of technical possibility of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, in an attempt to avoid the possibility of any dystopia, technically feasible but ethically vital, some proposals are considered in terms of Cyber Ethics and the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence; and some ethical principles are highlighted which seem to be serving as a common denominator from which to channel technological development in favour of humanity on a planetary scale. It concludes by reiterating the commitment to Digital Humanism.

Cyberbullying, student nurses' ethical awareness and the Covid-19 pandemic.

The global COVID-19 pandemic has increased cyber communication, causing nursing students' clinical practice to be held in cyberspace. Thus, it is essential to ensure that nursing students develop comprehensive cyber ethics awareness. Moreover, cyberbullying is becoming more widespread and is an increasingly relevant new concept. This study aimed to assess the experiences of cyberbullying among nursing students during clinical practice and determine the effects of cyberbullying victimization and cyber environments on their cyber ethics awareness. Data for this descriptive cross-sectional study were collected in July 2020 using a self-reported questionnaire and analyzed using hierarchical regression. The study included data from 291 nursing students with more than 6 months of clinical experience who were enrolled in two nursing universities in two cities in South Korea. This study was conducted after obtaining approval from the Institutional Review Board of G University. Written, informed consent was obtained from all participants. Cyberbullying victimization experiences during clinical practice were few. The most common cyberbullies of work- and person-related cyberbullying were nurses and classmates, respectively. Cyber ethics awareness was affected by cyber anonymity and the perceived seriousness of cyberbullying; cyberbullying related to clinical practices was a new factor that significantly affected cyber ethics awareness. Hospitals and nursing universities should develop a multi-dimensional, comprehensive, and effective nursing intervention education program to be integrated into the nursing curriculum to enhance cyber ethics awareness and reduce cyberbullying of nursing students.

USE OF CYBER HATE IN THE ELECTORAL CAMPAIGNS BY THE MAINSTREAM POLITICAL PARTIES OF PAKISTAN

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to examine the use of cyber hate by the Pakistan’s mainstream political parties. The issue of poll rigging in Pakistan’s General Elections 2013 is examined through discourse analysis of the related tweets. The study also aims at comprehending the extent to which cyber ethics were violated during the digital electoral campaigns.
 Methodology: Discourse Analysis of the tweets generated from the official Twitter handles of PTI and PMLN leaders was conducted to examine the use of cyber hate by the Pakistan’s mainstream political parties. Violation of cyber ethics was explored through the qualitative interviews of 8 purposively selected social media managers of PMLN, PPP, and PTI.
 Main Findings: The findings indicated that party leadership/politicians used the elements of cyber hate which included abusive language, provocation, and character assassination against their opponents during the digital electoral campaign in general and regarding the poll rigging issue of Pakistan’s General Elections 2013 in specific. Resultantly the tweets using strong adjectives and metaphors on the political opponents were more frequently re-tweeted and attracted more favorites.
 Applications of this study: The study can be helpful in various cross-disciplinary areas that focus on the examination of the usage and impact of social media and cyberspace as a medium for hate speech dissemination. The study can significantly contribute to areas related to cyber ethics, digital electoral campaigning, freedom of expression, and political opinion building.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: The study’s originality lies in its attempt to unfold the foundations of digital electoral campaigning in Pakistan and how cyberhate was used as a pivotal tool for advancing the political narratives in a fragile democratic society.

Cyber Ethics, Entrepreneurship, and the Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing

Cyber Ethics, Entrepreneurship, and the Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing

Cyber ethics adherence and the use of electronic information resources by undergraduates in public universities in Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the adherence to cyber ethics by undergraduates in public universities in Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria when using electronic information resources (EIRs).Design/methodology/approachDescriptive survey research design was used for this study. A total of 7,771 undergraduates of University of Uyo (UNIUYO) and Akwa Ibom State University (AKSU), Nigeria constitute the study population. The sampling technique used for the study is the multistage technique. A sampling fraction of 5% was used to arrive at a sample size of 389.FindingsThis study revealed that in UNIUYO, more than four-fifths of the undergraduates – 55 (84.6%) in science, 55 (82.1%) in engineering and 61 (81.3%) in education – noted that they used the internet on a daily basis, and in AKSU, almost all the respondents in science (50, 90.9%) and about four-fifths in engineering (45, 80.4%) observed that they also used the internet on a daily basis for academic work. Adherence to cyber ethics guidelines was high at UNIUYO in education (44.2) and science (43.0) and at AKSU in engineering (42.9) and science (44.7).Practical implicationsThe use of EIRs in universities has brought enormous changes, especially on how information are accessed and used by undergraduates. As EIRs have become important component in university libraries and continuously used by undergraduates for academic work, there is the possibility that frequent accessibility and utilization could increase the chances of unethical usage. This study is therefore significant in taming the tide of abuse and misuse of e-information resources in universities.Originality/valueThe correlation between adherence to ethics guidelines and the use of EIRs was positively significant at both UNIUYO (r = 0.139*; df = 206; p < 0.05) and AKSU (r = 0.136*; df = 168; p < 0.05). A high level of adherence to cyber ethics by the undergraduates can be encouraged and maintained through the formulation of cyber ethics policy in the universities by academic librarians.

A Qualitative Study on Online Flip- Learning Learning Experience in University Internet Ethics Linked to Club Activities

A Qualitative Study on Online Flip- Learning Learning Experience in University Internet Ethics Linked to Club Activities

Development and Psychometric Analysis of Cyber Ethics Instrument (CEI)

This study developed and validated the psychometric properties of a new instrument, cyber ethics instrument (CEI), for assessing cyber ethics. Items related to cyber ethics were generated from a review of both scholarly and practitioner literature for the development of the instrument. The instrument was administered to university students. A sample of 503 responses was used for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to extract the factor structure. The results of EFA suggested a six-factor structure (cyber privacy, computer ethics, academic integrity, intellectual property, netiquette, cyber safety), explaining 67.7% of the total variance. The results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed acceptable model fit indices. Therefore, the results established the viability of CEI for measuring cyber ethics. The instrument is essential for advancing the field of cyber ethics research as it will serve as a tool educators and researchers can use to measure the current stage of cyber ethics. The results obtained from using CEI can help identify and recommend cyber ethics interventions.