Internet Discourse Research Articles

METAPHORICAL IMAGE OF THE FUTURE OF RUSSIA IN THE CHINESE NON-INSTITUTIONAL POLITICAL INTERNET DISCOURSE

The article deals with the metaphorical image of the future of Russia in the context of anti-Russian sanctions. The study of the image of the future is performed on the material of Chinese non - institutional political Internet discourse. It is defined as a hybrid format of media and political discourses that transmits axiological attitudes of agents of electronic - mediated communication and provides their status equality. The web - based opinion exchange service 知乎 (Zhihu) is used as the source of research material. The aim is to analyze the meanings of political metaphors that are verbalized when modeling images of the future of Russia and its anticipated relations with other powers. The object of the research is metaphorical models involved in conceptualization of the image of Russian future in the Chinese non - institutional political Internet discourse. The analysis of the material is held within the framework of linguistic political prognostics. The article presents the study of the system of metaphorical models, which is fixed in Chinese non - institutional political Internet discourse about the future of Russia. The paper employs the methods of metaphorical modeling, linguistic, cultural, cognitive and discourse analyses. The analysis of the system of metaphorical models contains quantitative and content processing. The authors identify and analyze dominant metaphorical models and factors that influence activity of certain models in Chinese political Internet discourse. Dominant models include metaphors of inanimate nature, relationship, organism, sport, games, wildlife, and monarchy. The analysis of the system of metaphorical models proves that the present relationship between Russia, America and Europe determines their “dark” future, which is why metaphorical units with a negative component prevail, while positively colored metaphorical units model the “bright” future of Russian-Chinese relationships, which is determined by the existing relations between Russia and China.

Многоязычные практики в интернет-дискурсе социальной сети «Фейсбук» (на материале письменной речи русскоговорящих женщин в Финляндии)

Russian speakers make up the biggest group of foreign-language speakers in Finland. Their use of Finnish words in Russian discourse can be interpreted as an example of multilingual practices, such as code-switching. It can also be viewed as an example of how loanwords are assimilated. While speakers of Russian in Finland are part of a worldwide internet community, they also represent a local community that can have a language form of its own. This article presents an analysis of about 500 cases of Finnish lexical items and word combinations usage in written Russian (260 different lemmas). The material for the research was selected from written internet discourse of a Russophone community on Facebook, a social media platform. Members of this community are Russian women who have been living in Finland for some time. The Finnish words were studied in the context of posts and replies to them. The 475 Finnish words found amounted to 4 % of the total 12,022 words used in the source. The analysis of the material took into account semantic and grammatical features of the items. Semantic features included the categories of proper nouns, terms and other words related to life in Finland. The grammatical analysis began by studying the choice of writing system, i.e. whether the units retained their original spelling which is either in Latin or in Cyrillic. After that, the Finnish words that had been transliterated were studied for the presence or lack of declension as compared to the Russian norm in similar uses. It was suggested that the tendency not to decline Finnish words written both in Cyrillic and Latin in the discourse also affected the syntactic positions in which they were used, making positions that did not require declension overrepresented. The number of examples subjected to the assimilation rules for loanwords in Russian (transliteration and using declension) was small. Therefore, most of the examples represent code-switching, a natural consequence of those living in Finland, and provide evidence for the existence of a local version of Russian.

Specific Character of International Internet Discourse and Methods of Teaching Oral and Written Speech

Specific Character of International Internet Discourse and Methods of Teaching Oral and Written Speech

„Doświadczenia macierzyństwa i praktyki żalu” – o żałowaniu macierzyństwa w polskim dyskursie internetowym

Artykuł ukazuje wpływ kulturowych wzorów macierzyństwa na sposoby wyrażania emocji przez kobiety-matki. Przedstawia wyniki analizy internetowego dyskursu na temat negatywnych postaw wobec macierzyństwa i/lub dzieci/potomstwa. Tekst bazuje na jakościowej analizie treści – wpisów na blogach nieperfekcyjnie.pl, matkawygodna.pl, mamwatpliwosc.pl, internetowej grupie „Żałuję rodzicielstwa”. Podstawę teoretyczną stanowią koncepcje zaliczane do nurtu socjologii interakcjonizmu symbolicznego.

Немецкоязычный поэтический дискурс в когнитивно-коммуникативном интернет-пространстве ХХI в.

The development of computer technology had a great influence on the structuring of modern discursive practices and led to the introduction of new types of discourse. In particular, the Internet discourse was founded, as well as a number of genres explicated in the Internet space. The purpose of this work is to identify the features of modern German poetry Internet discourse that is an underexplored phenomenon in the context of a cognitive-discursive paradigm. The author deals with the actual questions of study of dichotomy “discourse — (Internet) text” of the poetry discourse, Attention is also focused on Flarf poetry, Google Lyrik, Found poetry, Spoetry / Spam poetry - the main genres presented in German Internet space based on “ready made” technology.

Post-Event Cinema Discourse: Concept, Functioning, Case Study

The problems of the organization and functioning of post-event cinema discourse are discussed in the article. Post-event discourse is shaped by the viewers and represents their response statements in a communicative interaction with the movie; it reflects the processes of perception and understanding of the film by the audience. It is discussed that if there is a real event underlying the film, the film itself becomes a post-event discourse, forming or reinterpreting the ideas about what happened depending on the cultural and historical context. The results of an empirical study that implements a case study methodology are presented. A thematic analysis of the post-event Internet discourse, expressed in the statements about a particular film (“T-34”), has been carried out. A thematic map that revealed the structure of the post-event cinema discourse and its simplified versions, due to the genre features of the film has been developed. It is shown that viewers not only interpret the plot of the film, but also rethink the events behind it, express the effects of influence, raise topics for discussion that are not directly related to the film. The structure of post-event discourse changes depending on the characteristics of the audience. It has been revealed that the significant part of the audience perceived the film in accordance with the original function of cinema as “entertainment”. This determined both the peculiarities of its understanding and the effects of the impact, mainly emotional. Another part of the audience discovered the cognitive implications of the film and demonstrated a more complex structure of post-event discourse organization; understanding the film in a broader context contributed to the comprehension and actualization of additional themes. It is assumed that the unfolding post-event discourse in the process of communicative interaction of the viewer with the film contributes to the formation of discursive reality.

Perceptions of Corporeal Dimension of Beauty in Various Discourses of the Russian Linguoculture

The article set out to explore the ways in which the corporeal dimension of beauty is represented in medical and internet discourses of the Russian linguoculture. The importance of the phenomenon being studied is associated with a significant role of the corporeal dimension in constructing the linguistic world view and building language awareness of the Russian-language homo communicans. Using the explanatory potential of the word 'concept' we identified that the corporeal dimension is formed by semantic, axiological and imagery components and is incorporated into the Beauty concept. The medical discourse provides an objective presentation of the morphological parameters of the body, which can be graduated on the basis of mathematical symbols. Within the internet discourse, corporeal beauty is subjectively interpreted and is conceptualized as changeable, achievable, natural and a launch pad to success. The axiological component is conceptualized in the studied discourses in various ways. Within the medical discourse, the corporeal dimension correlates with the physiological norm, while in the internet discourse it is associated with evaluation statements of the Russian linguoculture. The imagery is conceptualized by means of icons in both discourses. The findings of the study, which shed light on the ways the corporeal dimension of the Beauty concept is represented in different discourses, may become a tool for elucidating the patterns of verbal behavior associated with aesthetic appreciation, and a means of facilitating intercultural communication.

Сравнительные аспекты речевого воздействия в рекламном интернет-дискурсе в европейской и российской индустрии гостеприимства

This article focuses on the features of the implementation of advertising texts of European and Russian hotels in the Internet discourse. These texts are characterized by manipulation tactics and approaches: image manipulation, manipulation tactics of information presentation, techniques of linguistic manipulation. The speech effect at the lexical level in advertising texts is based on the use of association tactics used in advertising in European hotels mainly through evaluating adjectives, adjectives in superlative degree, comparisons, hyperbolas, nouns with a seme of rest and verbs expressing the emotional state and familiarization. In the advertising texts of the Russian hotels association tactics are carried out mainly with the help of descriptive adjectives, evaluating adjectives, familiarizing verbs and adverbs

Реализация приемов манипуляций в рекламном интернет-дискурсе индустрии гостеприимства

The article highlights the peculiarities of implementing advertising texts of European and domestic hotels in the Internet discourse. These texts are characterized by manipulation tactics and approaches: manipulation of images, ways of presenting information, speech manner influencing at the lexical level. Manipulation of images in advertising texts is realized by means of appeal to positive emotions, appeal to social attitudes, accentuation of attention, speculation in the right di-rection, creating a virtual tour, offering call information, receiving solidarity, receiving indications of authority and receiving binding. Manipulative tactics of information supply is realized by means 
 of composing topics by small portions, selection of information, excessive supply of information, mnemonic tactics of presenting information, “You”-approach, slogans, putting on the mask of the adviser.

CONFLICTOGENIC FACTORS IN VIRTUAL POLITICAL DISCOURSE

This article aims to identify the causes of conflicts in communication upsetting the balance of interethnic relations, mutual understanding, interaction between representatives of different countries and peoples and to develop mechanisms for overcoming them in the discourse of political Internet, which occupies a special place in the Internet communication and enables politicians having access to the Internet to speak to the public. The article presents a typology of communicative failures, identifies what makes a communication conflict (situational factors, contextual factors; productive and receptive factors; ritualization of live speech communication, violation of ethical norms, leveling pragmatic speech characteristics, incorrect linear speech organization; reticence; shifting from one topic to another, etc.). Theoretical and methodological bases of the research are ontological and anthropocentric approaches: a person is recognized as a "measure of all things", he perceives the world through self-awareness in this world, and language, as a means of communication, acts as the main constitutive characteristics of thinking, speaking, and creating the reality person.

ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКИХ МЕТОДИК СУДЕБНОГО АВТОРОВЕДЕНИЯ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ПИСЬМЕННОЙ МЕЖЛИЧНОСТНОЙ ЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ)

Статья посвящена исследованию интернет-дискурса в аспекте автороведческой проблематики. В статье рассматриваются специфические черты современной компьютерной коммуникации, жанровые особенности межличностной переписки, оказывающие влияние на язык электронных сообщений. Доказывается, что в интернет-дискурсе иначе проявляются речевые навыки авторов, что требует иного подхода при автороведческом исследовании в данной коммуникативной сфере. Отмечены черты, на которые стоит обратить внимание эксперту при работе с интернет-перепиской. В статье приведены результаты анализа сообщений в социальных сетях и мессенджерах, целью которого было выявление речевых особенностей, указывающих на определенные биологические и социальные признаки авторов. Сообщения в социальных сетях и мессенджерах рассматриваются как явления одного порядка, поскольку они близки функционально, так как служат в основном для неформального обмена информацией между знакомыми друг с другом адресатами, предполагают диалогическое общение преимущественно в письменной форме. В сфере анализа оказались сообщения, написанные лицами мужского и женского пола в возрасте от 12 до 72 лет, имеющими различное образование, занятыми в разных сферах деятельности, являющимися гражданами России и некоторых других стран. В результате анализа выявлены лексико-фразеологические, грамматические, стилистические, орфографические, пунктуационные особенности сообщений авторов в зависимости от их возраста, места происхождения, владения русским языком, уровня образования и общей культуры, профессии и рода занятий. Наиболее показательными признаны особенности лексического уровня. Отмечена необходимость применения к анализу интернет-коммуникации не только собственно лингвистических, но и лингвостатистических, квантитативных методов.

Резонансные события и непопулярные политические решения: специфика репрезентации в пространстве рунета

Исследовательская проблема состоит в необходимости выявления и анализа когнитивных компонентов и эмоциональной специфики трансформации интернет-дискурса, складывающегося вокруг негативных резонансных событий и политических решений разного генезиса. В рамках данной статьи в фокусе внимания находятся два события 2019 г. различной природы: катастрофа самолета «Сухой Суперджет» в Шереметьеве и так называемый закон об оскорблении власти. Теоретико-методологические основания исследования выстроены посредством синтеза современного коммуникативного подхода к осмыслению специфики интернет-пространства, политико-психологических теорий и ивент-анализа. Сочетание указанных методов позволило выявить эмоциональные, когнитивные и динамические особенности репрезентации двух изучаемых событий в пространстве социальных медиа рунета.
 Во-первых, выявлено, что эмоциональный компонент восприятия обоих событий довлел над когнитивным и динамическим. При этом наиболее широкое массовое распространение получили две негативные эмоции: раздражение (в первом случае) и страх (в случае с катастрофой «Суперджета»). Во-вторых, установлено, что когнитивный и динамический ракурсы репрезентации этих резонансных событий в рунете развивались в схожем направлении фрагментации и индукции. Первая тенденция проявлялась в росте локальных сетевых дискуссий и «виртуальных» конфликтов по поводу причин и последствий происходящего. Тенденция индукции выражалась посредством перехода от обсуждения нюансов произошедшего к генерализованным негативным установкам. В-третьих, подтвердилась гипотеза, что информационный фон, складывающийся в рунете вокруг резонансных событий и непопулярных политических решений, имеет выраженный негативный и депрессивный характер. В-четвертых, повышенная эмоциональность восприятия, фрагментация и индукция, запаздывающая рационализация «шоковых» тем при одновременном падении интереса к ним и стремление к негативизации непосредственно связаны со спецификой коммуникативной среды рунета.

The veil and its materiality: Muslim women’s digital narratives about the burkini ban

ABSTRACTIn the summer of 2016, around 30 French cities banned the burkini—swimwear used by Muslim women that covers the entire body and head—from public beaches. French authorities supported the ban by claiming that the burkini was unhygienic, a uniform of Islamic extremism, and a symbol of women’s oppression. Muslim head-coverings, including the burkini, are religious objects whose materiality points to complex semantic meanings often mediated in Internet discourses. Through a qualitative analysis of visual and textual narratives against the burkini ban circulated by Muslim women, this article looks at the way digital media practices help counteract stereotypes and gain control of visual representations. Muslim women focus on two main topics: 1) they challenge the idea of Muslims being ‘aggressors’ by describing the burkini as a comfortable swimsuit not connected with terrorism; 2) they refuse to be considered ‘victims’ by showing that the burkini holds different meanings that do not necessarily entail women’s submission. Muslim women’s digital narratives positively associate the materiality of the burkini with safety and freedom and focus on secular values rather than religious meanings.

HASHTAGS AS A SPECIAL TYPE OF THE INTERNET DISCOURSE

Internet communication and Internet discourse is the subject of study of many disciplines: sociology, psychology, management, rhetoric, journalism and some others. But the linguistic aspect of Being a universal means of mass and individual communication, Internet discourse enabled the instantaneous transmission of information regardless of distance and geographic location. A huge virtual area of the Internet offers the user a wide range of platforms: media, blogs, information sites, cinema, literature, wikis projects, shops and auctions, advertising, payment and search engines, e-mail, chats, forums, messengers, social networks, radio, television, information portals, etc. Internet communication is characterized by the following features: 1) polyphony; 2) Hypertext and interactive features of the Network; 3) anonymity and distantness. Internet discourse, like any other type of discourse, is characterized by a number of structural and lexical-grammatical features. A hashtag is a label for content. It helps others who are interested in a certain topic, quickly find content on that same topic. People use hashtags in their Instagram and Twitter posts but there is not enough knowledge about their real meaning and what they are used for. According to its structure, a hashtag can be a single word, an abbreviation, an invented combination of letters and numbers, or a phrase. If it is a phrase, there can be no spaces between words. All letters and numbers must run together without spaces in a hashtag. It is not possible to have punctuation or symbols in your hashtag (other than the # symbol at the beginning). Numbers are allowed, but it is necessary to have at least one letter with the numbers — hashtags cannot consist entirely of numbers. According to its meaning, a hashtag can be related to a great variety of topics: private life, personal characteristics, nature, holidays, events, activities, emotions, travelling and many others.

Use of Media Aesthetic Component in Modern Non-Institutional Publicistic Internet Discourse

Contemporary Internet communication made a new type of the publicistic discourse - non-institutional publicistic Internet discourse in which amateurs create texts with brightly expressed intentions of the author. This new phenomenon lies the foundation for the practices of certain media text creation based upon the usage of media aesthetic components which identify the perception of reality and increase the influencing potential of communication.

PECULIAR FEATURES OF COMMUNICATION IN THE SPORTS INTERNET DISCOURSE

The present article is devoted to the analysis of Internet discourse represented on web-sites of the British rugby teams. The aim of the research is identification of communicative situation features in the sport Internet discourse. The following tasks were fulfilled in order to achieve the aim: investigating peculiar features of language representation that is typical of a referential situation (an event, in this case a sports competition) and the analysis of communicative discursive situation that takes place during transmission of the message covering this event. The articles from the news sections of the web-sites were used as the source of empirical data.
 The research focuses on representation of a socially important event in the sports discourse a sports match. The constituents of a situational model (Participants, their Actions, the Conditions) were singled out by means of the analysis of an extract belonging to the studied discourse. The analysis was carried out with the help of the traditional model of a news item: Event Who, What, Where, When, Why, How. The analysis of linguistic representation of a situational model revealed that the event is performed on a macro- and a micro-levels. That aspect depends on the authors focus either on the match, on the team as a whole or on the specific aspects of the event. The linguistic representation of both levels is demonstrated in the tables and illustrated by the relevant examples.
 The following methods were used during the research: descriptive method, contextual-semantic method, method of content analysis as well as the method of discourse analysis. The peculiarities of communicative processes in the sports Internet-discourse were analyzed with the use of Hymes pattern S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G. The study of such elements as Setting and Scene, Participants, Ends, Act of Sequence, Genres is presented in the article.

ESTONIAN ITEMS IN THE INTERNET DISCOURSE OF THE RUSSIAN SPEAKING POPULATION OF ESTONIA

The Estonian influence on the discourse of the Russian speaking population of Estonia has drawn the attention of many researchers. The insertion of elements of Estonian in the discourse of Russian speakers is analysed and systematised from different points of view. Research has been conducted on formal aspects of code switching and on more pragmatic language aspects on the basics of different material (e.g. spoken language, jargons and dialects, advertisements, journalistic texts). However, the influence of the Estonian language in the discourse of Russian speaking groups of Estonia has not been fully studied, especially with internet sources, which can give an idea of the currently relevant processes of spoken language. This paper is part of a larger research project in which we plan to compare the functions of foreign language items in the internet discourse of the Russian speaking population of Italy and Estonia. In this paper, however, the main focus is on the lexical content of Estonian insertions in the internet discourse of the Russian speaking population of Estonia and on two of its main functions. Namely, the identifying reference function and the figurative speech function. Data was collected from different forums and Facebook groups. The analysis of the collected material shows that the insertion of Estonian items occurs very frequently when the communicants discuss bureaucratic-administrative spheres, space, and time. Those Estonian insertions are very often used in order to clearly identify the object of their conversation. Longer insertions are often used within the figurative speech function, which conveys the characteristics of the speech, of the speaker and the evaluative characteristics. The study of the influence of the Estonian language on the internet discourse of the Russian speaking population of Estonia in the future will allow a deeper understanding of formal and functional aspects of the Estonian language, such as the morphological and syntactic features of the language and the semantic and pragmatic meaning of certain Estonian words and particles. Furthermore, this research will contribute to the study of the problems connected with language contacts.

Hyperlinked intertexts in the portuguese media written news internet discourse

The article deals with the intertextual theory in the mass media. It provides an hyperlink definition, analyses hyperlinked intertexts in the Portuguese media written news internet discourse, gives its basic pragmatic functions.

Analyzing online comments: a language-awareness approach to cultivating digital literacies

The advent of technology has made the Internet a fertile ground for much literacy learning to take place, and how to use the Internet discourse for language learning remains to be explored. The current study adopted a language-awareness approach to raise students’ awareness of the forms and function of online language. A sample online comment thread was prepared to lead the participants to begin to observe and analyze online language before they collected their online comments to build their personal portfolios. It was found that the participants mainly resorted to Facebook (58.0%) and YouTube (35.8%) to find comments; 69.1% of their topics were related to news stories while the remaining can be categorized as entertainment and personal interests. Students reported to have learned the importance of taking responsibility for one’s words online. In terms of knowledge, many students gained new knowledge about slang and world issues. They also felt that learning to read and evaluate online comments was an enjoyable and empowering experience. This study concludes with a few suggestions for future research to further investigate the potential benefits of incorporating online comments into language pedagogy.

Powrót do dyskursów internetowych: język creepypasty

W miarę jak przestrzeń Internetu staje się szczególnie sprzyjającym i stymulującym środowiskiem pełnym szybko rozprzestrzeniających się treści, które rozwijają kreatywność użytkowników, niezliczone rzesze internautów piszą w Sieci i tym samym tworzą znaczną bazę internetowej fikcji literackiej, dopominającej się o analizę językoznawczą. Celem autorek artykułu jest zbadanie creepypasty, czyli szczególnego gatunku współczesnego dyskursu internetowego utrzymanego w konwencji horroru, który jest rozpowszechniany w Sieci metodą „kopiuj – wklej”. Analiza wybranych przykładów creepypasty w języku angielskim pozwoliła ustalić charakterystyczne dla tego gatunku cechy, a także zbadać zakres wpływu języka Internetu na internetową fikcję literacką.