Internationalization Of Enterprises Research Articles

Study on the functional mechanism of enterprise internationalization strategy adjustment in the digital era

This article is based on the following research background, ①the transformation necessity of the internationalization strategy philosophy under the trade war; ②the importance of enterprises entering the international market in all countries; ③postmodern consumption and production practices paying more and more attention to the project sharing; ④the innovation mode advocating cooperation and openness in resource sharing;⑤the urgency of study on new concepts such as the digital institutional environment and project sharing and the transformation of international strategy philosophy; ⑥the interaction complexity of all these concepts. First, this paper proposes and defines the concepts of digital institution environment and project sharing, then it studies the innovation mode suitable for digital system environment and the internationalization strategy philosophy, and it studies the logical relationship among digital institution environment, project sharing, enterprise innovation mode and enterprise internationalization strategy adjustment. Second, this paper constructs a conceptual model that how the digital institutional environment influence the internationalization strategy, and it studies the similarities and differences in the context of project sharing and enterprise innovation mode. Finally, combined with the enterprise innovation model, this paper puts forward the construction methods, construction procedures and value realization methods for various sharing platforms. It proposes suggestions for enterprise internationalization strategy actions, and in particular it gives a scientific judgment on the current development trend of internationalization strategy.

What Is Going on with the Research into the Internationalization of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)? An Intellectual Structure Analysis into the State-of-the-Art (1990–2018)

The internationalization of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) is a topic of constant research interest due to the impact these have on economic growth and employment in developed, emerging and developing countries. A desire to understand and a growing interest in the study of the internationalization process of SMEs has provoked a significant increase in the production of manuscripts in this field in the last decade. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out periodic reviews on the state-of-the-art of this phenomenon in order to highlight advances and limitations, to motivate reflections and stimulate progress in future research. Thus, the main objective of this study is to describe the state-of-the-art of the research into SME Internationalization based on a bibliometric analysis of 1152 manuscripts published from 1990 to 2018. The results enable the identification of the main agents that are constantly developing this field through an analysis of scientific production and collaboration indicators. Furthermore, through a co-word analysis, this research establishes hot-spot research trends that need to be developed in future research. The main contribution of this research is the configuration of a knowledge map on SME Internationalization research.

Analysis on the Position of Copyright Trade in the Sino–US Trade Friction

As the difference from traditional commodity trade, copyright trade not only transmits economic value with real products as carriers, but also transmits cultural value with subject consciousness as form, which often occupies an important position in trade friction. This paper summarizes the position of copyright trade in Sino–US trade friction from the perspective of Sino–US trade history, and considers it is not only one of the key incentives for Sino–US trade friction in the current stage, a game chip between the two sides in the upgrading stage, but also one of the key points of China’s reform in the calming stage. Based on this, this paper analyzes the reason why copyright trade occupies an important position in Sino–US trade friction, and regards that China should draw lessons from history and continuously deepen the reform of copyright trade in the legal system, market cultivation, internationalization of enterprises, so as to promote the sound development of copyright trade.

Some aspects of internationalization of small and medium enterprises in Latin America and the Caribbean region

Relevance of the research topic. The article discusses the foreign trade of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Latin American region in the context of economic integration. Formulation of the problem. The SMEs are particularly vulnerable if the country integrates into the trade block, opens up the domestic market and is subject to competition from foreign companies. This aspect requires further study. Analysis of recent research and publications. The issues of regionalization and integration were studied by the economists J. Weiner, B. Balassa, R. Cooper. A special attention was paid to small business and international entrepreneurship by the authors F. Weidersheim-Paul, J. Johanson, P. MacDougall, A.Danilchenko and D. Kalinin. Problem statement, research objectives. The purpose of the article is to summarize information about SMEs foreign economic relations, as well as directions to encourage internationalization in the Latin American trading blocks. Research methodology. When writing the article, the basic methods of general scientific study were used, an analysis of expert opinions and international databases was carried out. Presentation of the main research material (results of work). The article compares the state of the SME sector in the Latin American region. The author shows the imperfection of the support policy for enterprises and the limited opportunities for the internationalization of Latin American SMEs. It discusses the integrated approach to encourage the SMEs foreign trade and its implementation by the given governments. The field of the results application. The results of the study can be used by the relevant government agencies in developing support programs for SMEs internationalization. Conclusions according to the article. Currently Latin America and the Caribbean’s have not reached a level of integration at which a unified sector development strategy and a support policy for SMEs internationalization are being developed. The governments have embarked on poverty alleviation issue and raising living standards through creating microenterprises in low value-added industries. Along with this, the measures are being taken to include SMEs in the supply chains of large businesses, encouraging the indirect internationalization of the sector. Integration with the developed countries will increase the chances of SMEs internationalizing. It will be facilitated by a vast foreign market, FDI and the establishment of supporting competitive industries among SMEs, as well as financial assistance from the regional funds.

Internationalization of state-owned enterprises from emerging markets: Overview of theoretical approaches

The article presents the analysis of the theoretical and empirical research on the phenomenon of the internationalization of state-owned enterprises from emerging market countries. Contemporary internationalized state-owned enterprises are far from the uncompetitive and ineffective firms of the 20th century that mostly operated domestically and give examples of truly exciting international strategies. However the question stays open, namely how exactly state ownership shapes their international strategies. The existing studies are vast and lack systematization, and the purpose of this article is to analyze the most widely used theoretical approaches that investigate internationalization of emerging markets of stateowned enterprises. The most popular theoretical approach to study the internationalization of emerging markets of state-owned enterprises is the institutional perspective that studies how the interplay of state ownership of companies and institutional environment shapes their international strategies. Nevertheless, the synergy of theoretical approaches is needed in order to extend knowledge on the internationalization of the state-owned enterprises. Examples of such a synergy are presented in this paper. It also offers prospects for future research and further topics to study. Analysis of theoretical approaches that study internationalization of emerging markets of state-owned enterprises helps map the research field and show where it is moving. The paper has value for both academia and practitioners that deal with the global expansion of state-owned enterprises from emerging markets.

Catalysts for Rapid Internationalization of SMEs: Born Globals in South Korea

This research article analyses the present explanations of the phenomenon of born globals, in particular within the context of South Korea with the objective of identifying the characteristics that can affect the rapid internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The traditional theories of internationalization have built with the aim of illuminating the internationalization of large multinational enterprises (MNEs). These models explain that doing international business develops progressively over time and firms establish themselves domestically before gradually turning into global markets. However, those traditional theories were unable to clarify the way of acting of companies which include SMEs that leapfrog or rising development of born globals. This has created a requirement for a new interpretation of internationalization. As an export-led country, born globals play an important role in improving South Korea's competitiveness. This review has significant implications which propose that many characteristics can affect the rapid internationalization of SMEs in South Korea even though they are still not precisely clear. Thus the paper highlights that wider empirical research is significant to this country for understanding the specific characteristics that are responsible for the rapid internationalization of their SMEs.

Bibliometric analysis of the theory of effectuation and the internationalisation of small and medium-sized enterprises

Bibliometric analysis of the theory of effectuation and the internationalisation of small and medium-sized enterprises

Confucius Institute, Belt and Road Initiative, and Internationalization

In this paper, we study the role of Confucius Institute in supporting internationalization of Chinese enterprises. Employing a panel dataset containing 66 Belt-Road countries and 75 non Belt-Road countries from 2006 to 2017, we find that the Confucius Institute has had a positive effect on Chinese CMA in general and that this effect has become stronger in Belt-Road countries after the Belt and Road Initiative was launched in 2013. Our results suggest that the earlier the host country joins the Belt and Road Initiative, the stronger is the interactive effect of CI and Belt and Road Initiative. Moreover, we show that the Confucius Classroom, a related program, also positively affects Chinese CMA in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative. These findings are robust to controlling for endogeneity and sample selection biases.

Survival Strategies in the Spanish ICT Sector: Amper between Two Crises

This article aims to study the performance of an oligopolistic sector through the case of a medium-sized multinational company, belonging to the telecommunications equipment industry, at a time of crisis. Its interest lies in the contrast with a general situation during the first decade of the new millennium, sealed by the numerical predominance of the small size in the companies of the planet, on the one hand, and the determining weight of the big multinational companies. In this sense, it aims to make a contribution to the debate on the impact of resource and size constraints on the internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) . It also seeks to intervene in the controversy over patterns of adaptation to markets and technological change in general in their struggle for survival. In the particular facet of internationalization based on foreign direct investment (FDI), it seeks to delve into the patterns and reasons for SME FDI defended by traditional theories. The business model based on proprietary technology and strong internationalisation that Amper exemplifies achieved irrefutable results in the face of the crisis, but some evidence suggests a return, insufficiency and unfulfilled results.

Returning to drive small business exports: diaspora entrepreneurs in Ghana's fruit processing clusters

Returnee entrepreneur (RE) businesses have extensively contributed to economies around the world. However, REs ability to galvanise and coordinate local business networks and permeate the international markets within countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have mostly been overlooked, particularly in the context of exporting activities in Africa. This paper posits that diaspora 'returnee entrepreneurs' can become potent channels for the promotion and facilitation of the internationalisation of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in developing economies. An original piece of empirical research on two exporting food processing clusters in Ghana shows that REs can introduce external technology, develop and sustain international customer networks and are able to meet international standards, thus becoming carriers for internationalisation from the onset. African returnees are able to build trust-based relationships within home country formal business structures and establish strong ties with international customers that accommodate operational and institutional bottlenecks.

Chief Executive Officers' characteristics and the internationalisation of small and medium-sized enterprises: a quantile regression approach

Chief Executive Officers' characteristics and the internationalisation of small and medium-sized enterprises: a quantile regression approach

Returning to drive small business exports: diaspora entrepreneurs in Ghana's fruit processing clusters

Returnee entrepreneur (RE) businesses have extensively contributed to economies around the world. However, REs ability to galvanise and coordinate local business networks and permeate the international markets within countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have mostly been overlooked, particularly in the context of exporting activities in Africa. This paper posits that diaspora 'returnee entrepreneurs' can become potent channels for the promotion and facilitation of the internationalisation of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in developing economies. An original piece of empirical research on two exporting food processing clusters in Ghana shows that REs can introduce external technology, develop and sustain international customer networks and are able to meet international standards, thus becoming carriers for internationalisation from the onset. African returnees are able to build trust-based relationships within home country formal business structures and establish strong ties with international customers that accommodate operational and institutional bottlenecks.

Development Strategies for China’s Advanced Fiber Materials Industry

China’s chemical fiber volume ranks first in the world and is a pillar industry of the national economy. However, there are still prominent problems regarding the development of the chemical fiber industry and promoting the advanced fundamental fiber materials has become the key to the high-quality development of the chemical fiber and textile industries. This study focuses on three types of advanced fiber materials: differential fiber, high-performance fiber, and bio-based fiber. The status, challenges, and development trends of the advanced fiber materials in China are analyzed. On this basis, the key tasks for the future development of the advanced fiber materials are summarized, including developing key technologies to form representative products, improving the intelligent manufacturing level, strengthening the independent innovation capacity, and enhancing the training of scientific and technological talents. This study also proposes development suggestions from the aspects of industrial development strategy, scientific and technological innovation system, the role of science and technology, internationalization of key enterprises, and coordinated development, hoping to provide a theoretical reference for the high-quality development of China’s fiber materials industry.

Premises and Characteristics of "Contemporary Business" – the Context of Globalization, Internationalization and Threats

In the course of previous comprehensive theoretical, methodological and empirical research of the authors, the main purpose of which was to identify ways of internationalization of Polish and Ukrainian enterprises. It was noted that a new model of business functioning is emerging, significantly different from the traditional model, in which the phenomenon of globalization underlies the process of internationalization of economic activity. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the problem of studying specific practices of interaction between business structures in Poland and Ukraine, paradoxically, as a whole, is given insufficient attention (both in Polish and Ukrainian economic science). This served as the inspiration for writing this study, the main goal of which is to identify the features of the modern business model on the background of identifying the differences between the traditional and the current model in the context of existing threats and to find out the main (one of the main) reasons for such differences. The introduction refers to the methodology used for this study (specific research methods are methods of unity of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction and comparative analysis, as well as methods of grouping and extrapolation). The study is the result of the authors' own empirical research and a comparative theoretical analysis based on the literature on the topic, and is a common characteristic of both models. In general terms, the main features of the modern business model and trends in the European economy are presented on the example of Poland and Ukraine. Thus, the study is aimed at identifying trends in doing business in the modern market and its characteristic features in the context of the predicted increase in the role of factors of intercultural (transcultural) interaction in business.

Financial strategy and the process of the internationalization of enterprises

The article presents preliminary research on the financial strategy of enterprises in the process of internationalization. Using the survey as a research method, 25 enterprises that export their products outside Poland were examined. The main hypothesis is that the economic crisis caused by the pandemic will not lead to a change in the significance of factors influencing the enterprises’ financial strategy, and in particular to the change in the relationship between internationalization and an enterprise’s financial strategy.

Klastry jako platforma rozwoju internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw na podstawie ekonomii współdzielenia

W literaturze naukowej prezentowane są rozne podejścia do zagadnienia ekonomii wspoldzielenia (economy sharing). Dostepne definicje w znaczącej cześci odnoszą sie do jego interpretacji w odniesieniu do modelu konsumpcyjnego, szczegolnie w ujeciu innowacyjnych platform technologicznych. Rownocześnie, w opinii autora, termin ten moze byc rozpatrywany w aspekcie kooperacji przedsiebiorstw jako sposob na optymalizacje korzyści i skali, ale takze obnizenie poziomu ryzyka. Modelowym przykladem ekonomii wspoldzielenia w ujeciu B2B są organizacje klastrowe, a zatem regionalne zrzeszenia przedsiebiorstw funkcjonujących w tym samym lub w pokrewnych sektorach, ze wspoludzialem np. instytucji naukowych, finansowych czy administracyjnych. Struktury klastrow, mechanizmy ich funkcjonowania oraz modele biznesowe dzialalności ukierunkowane są na osiąganie podstawowego ich celu, jakim jest wzrost konkurencyjności podmiotow do nich nalezących. Ma to zastosowanie zarowno w odniesieniu do dzialalności krajowej, jak i do procesow umiedzynarodowienia. Co wiecej, to wlaśnie proces umiedzynarodowienia moze przyczynic sie do wzrostu konkurencyjności na rynku krajowym, ze wzgledu na m.in. koniecznośc dostosowania do niejednokrotnie wyzszych wymogow jakościowych obowiązujących na rynkach zagranicznych i tym samym przeniesienia ich na rynek polski. Te specyficzne uwarunkowania powodują, ze wlaściwe przygotowanie przedsiebiorstw do internacjonalizacji oraz budowanie wokol nich sieci partnerstwa sluzącej wspoldzieleniu zasobow moze przyczynic sie do maksymalizacji zyskow i optymalizacji kosztow sektora biznesowego. Celem artykulu jest badanie aspektow praktycznego zastosowania modelu ekonomii wspoldzielenia dla internacjonalizacji podmiotow skupionych wokol klastrow.

Enterprise internationalisation performance evaluation model based on artificial neural network

The internationalisation performance of enterprises has been affected by many factors. Designing scientific and effective evaluation index system and conducting comprehensive evaluation are important means to help international enterprises to evaluate their internationalisation performance reasonably. This paper comprehensively reviews the research findings of factors influencing internationalisation performance and indexes at home and abroad, focusing on two quantifiable factors of financial performance and structural proportion, and constructs a hierarchy of internationalisation performance evaluation index system. Secondly, artificial neural network (ANN) is used for adaptive training to obtain the optimised connection weights. Finally, the data of some enterprises' internationalisation performance indexes are collected for empirical research to illustrate the rationality and effectiveness of the method.

Enterprise internationalisation performance evaluation model based on artificial neural network

The internationalisation performance of enterprises has been affected by many factors. Designing scientific and effective evaluation index system and conducting comprehensive evaluation are important means to help international enterprises to evaluate their internationalisation performance reasonably. This paper comprehensively reviews the research findings of factors influencing internationalisation performance and indexes at home and abroad, focusing on two quantifiable factors of financial performance and structural proportion, and constructs a hierarchy of internationalisation performance evaluation index system. Secondly, artificial neural network (ANN) is used for adaptive training to obtain the optimised connection weights. Finally, the data of some enterprises' internationalisation performance indexes are collected for empirical research to illustrate the rationality and effectiveness of the method.

АНАЛІЗ СТАНУ ІНТЕРНАЦІОНАЛІЗАЦІЇ МАЛОГО ТА СЕРЕДНЬОГО БІЗНЕСУ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ЄВРОІНТЕГРАЦІЇ

Globalization and integration processes show positive trends in expanding access of small and medium enterprises to different forms of international cooperation, particularly in export and import operations. The article analyzes the importance of small and medium enterprises internationalization for the Ukraine’s foreign trade development under the European integration conditions. Basing on statistical data, the dynamics of small and medium enterprises involvement in foreign trade operations was analyzed (at the national and Zhytomyr region levels). The place of small and medium business in the foreign trade relations system has been outlined. It covers local resources accumulation and use, forming the demand in the domestic market for labor and material resources. Internal and external barriers to the small and medium-sized businesses internationalization are described, including lack of access to financial resources, inability to obtain complete information about foreign markets, lack of material and labor resources, language barriers for SMEs’ staff. The advantages and disadvantages of small and medium enterprises in comparison with large companies are formulated in terms of direct market entry and export decision-making. In the article it has been determined that small and medium enterprises of Ukraine and particularly Zhytomyr region have increased exports in recent years, their share in Ukraine’s total exports is growing (especially for micro-enterprises). In addition, the volume of exports per enterprise is growing at the same time. In Zhytomyr region the corresponding growth trends of the SMEs’ share in export activities should also be outlined, because it is higher than average indexes in Ukraine. Potentially, SMEs’ development and internationalization will expand regional opportunities for effective employment; contribute to the households’ incomes growth. National and regional disparities in SMEs’ internationalization level should be equalized through the support of such enterprises, in particular by the regional development programs and the SMEs’ expansion to European funding programs.

Uluslararasılaşma Düzeyi Üzerinde Farklı Kaynak Unsurlarının Kısa ve Uzun Dönem Etkisi (The Short- and Long-Term Effect of Different Capital Structure on Internationalization)

Purpose – The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of different source elements which constitute the capital structure of firms on export performance in short and long term. Design/methodology/approach – The aggregated balance sheet data obtained by aggregating the financial statements of the Weaving, Apparel and Leather Sector companies listed on the BIST were used. The short and long term relationship was estimated with ARDL and Error Correction Model. Findings – While the different source elements, which are expressed as short-term liabilities, long-term liabilities and equity ratios, do not have a significant effect on the internationalization levels of enterprises in the short term, however, the increase in the share of short-term and long-term liabilities in total resources negatively affects the internationalization of enterprises in long term. It was determined that the increase of the share of equity in the total resource had a positive effect on internationalization of enterprises in long term. Discussion – In the long term, there is a negative relationship between the short-term borrowing rate and long-term borrowing rate and internationalization levels of enterprises; There is a positive relationship with equity ratio. The increase in both short-term and long-term borrowing rates for Woven Weaving, Apparel and Leather Sector companies imposes financial obligations on these companies and in this case decreases the expected cash flows and internationalization possibilities for managers.On the other hand, the increase in the share of equity in the total resource affects the internationalization positively.Therefore, the sector in question needs to plan its internationalization plans based on equity financing.