Internationalization Process Of Companies Research Articles

Strategic Regionalism of the Pacific Alliance: An Outlook throughout the Investment

The Pacific Alliance (PA) is considered a strategic regionalism in Latin America due to the pragmatic policy trade of the members. One of these pragmatic elements is investment. This article analyzes intra-regional investment flows in the PA in the period 2010–2021 as evidence of strategic regionalism. This article examines the characteristics of the strategic regionalism and the theoretical approaches to foreign direct investment (FDI) from the perspective of capital localization and the internationalization processes of companies. Based on official statistics from the countries, annual FDI and intra-regional investment flows are studied, along with a qualitative analysis of the Pacific Alliance Investment Facilitation Initiative. It concludes that the PA's intra-regional investment is explained by the internationalization and economic importance of multilatina companies, and that it should consider alliances with Chinese enterprises.

International Open Innovation Strategies of Firms in European Peripheral Regions

The involvement of companies in different open innovation activities, through knowledge outputs and inputs, has become increasingly important for the success of companies. However, the existing literature on open innovation is scarce concerning the internationalization process of companies. The internationalization of companies is fundamental in the continuous search to increase the performance of companies externally. The objective of the present research is to explain the strategic processes in the internationalization of companies located in peripheral regions at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of dynamic capabilities. The sample used for this research is composed of seven Portuguese companies. The methodology of qualitative nature is exploratory and uses a case study approach. Regarding the foremost modes of operation in international markets and strategies, we find that (1) companies have partnerships with local distributors or appoint exclusive importers/distributors, and (2) companies prefer to place their products in the market through their brand, “co-branded” projects with retailers, or “private label” projects. Of the seven companies under study, six use a standardization strategy, and one opts for a configuration-coordination strategy. Our findings clarified the literature on export and internationalization strategies in a peripheral country, allowing a closer incept of the organizational and dynamic capabilities and an overview of the supporting tools these companies have to compete in the global market. Our study is original because few articles study the internationalization strategies of companies at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic and in peripheral regions of Europe.

Internationalization of China’s medical device industry: a case study in Brazil

Purpose The singularity of being the first Chinese manufacturer of drug-eluting stents to arrive in Brazil and the country being selected as the company's first experience outside its home country motivated the interest in the study of this case, vis-à-vis with the characteristic of internationalization medical device companies according to the Uppsala model. Considering this context, the following research question was outlined: “How did Microport internationalize before the distribution of its stents product in Brazil?” The aim of the study is to investigate Microport's internationalization process for the distribution of its drug-eluting stents in Brazil. Design/methodology/approach Exploratory research under the qualitative method was adopted. It chose the single case study as a procedure for data collection, as it is a revealing, exemplary subject that offers opportunities for access to unusual research. The company MicroPort was chosen because in the period when Chinese medical device companies were focused on gaining market share in China, MicroPort began its international expansion, choosing Brazil as the first country to have its own subsidiary. It consists in the case of the internationalization of a high-tech EMNE in an emerging country that has institutional and cultural differences. Findings Taking advantage of new technology in highly internationalized environments favors its insertion; the internationalization of medical technology can expand according to the Uppsala Model, which does not explain internationalization, but rather its evolution. Cultural and behavioral issues reinforce that the development of the market for medical devices depends on local perspectives and values. The formation of an ecosystem in the local market for internationalization is observed. One implication of the study is that MicroPort's experience and the application of the Uppsala model for international expansion can serve as an important learning experience for Brazilian multinational companies. Research limitations/implications Empirical analysis carried out in the context of a single company. Although the results can be used as lessons learned from the application of the Uppsala model for international expansion of EMNE in an emerging market, caution should be exercised when generalizing its findings. Future studies could carry out comparative cases considering other emerging multinational companies, from the same sector or even from different industries, investing in other emerging markets. There is a limitation of the fact that the case studied does not explore the concepts of the later stages of the Uppsala model. Practical implications High-tech EMNEs internationalizing in other markets need to adopt aggressive strategies. The need to adopt different strategies for supply chain operations according to the specificities of the markets in which they operate. Important contributions to the Uppsala model, with regard to the process of passing stages, learning and networking. The findings of this study have similarities to the process described as a sequence of distinct phases of activities. Social implications A local top management team is essential to deal with institutional issues of government agencies when EMNE is internationalized in a culturally distant market. When there are major institutional differences between the country of origin and the host country, the autonomy in the management of the foreign subsidiary positively influences the acceleration of the internationalization process of companies in the high-tech sector. When there are major institutional differences between the country of origin and the country of destination, the use of local social networks positively influences the acceleration of the internationalization process of companies in the high-technology sector. Originality/value Regardless of these limitations, the study provided an exciting case of internationalization of a Chinese company in Brazil operating in a high-tech medical sector. The challenges for the internationalization of EMNEs continue, which makes it opportune for future studies to include more research in this area. The propositions suggested in the study may be the first step.

Networks as a moderating factor of the effect of institutional distance on export performance

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the moderating effect of business networks on the export performance of firms.Design/methodology/approachFollowing recent studies conducted from a network perspective, this moderating effect is studied for different types of business networks. To do this, a two-step Heckman-probit model is implemented for a sample of more than 2,000 manufacturing companies with information from the years 2006 to 2012. This study analyses the effect of nine variables of institutional distance between Spain and four geographical areas for collaborating and non-collaborating firms.FindingsThe main contribution of this paper is suggesting that vertical networks reduce the negative effects of institutional distance faced by the company in the early stages of its export process.Practical implicationsAccording to the results of this paper, managers should make a greater effort to expand their networks when they want to start exporting to further markets, as some networks reduces the negative effect of distance on export propensity. Moreover, the results also suggest that participating within a network may not be sufficient to increase the propensity to export of a firm, being important the kind of network in which companies participate.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper lies in providing empirical evidence that distinct kind of networks have different effect on the internationalisation process of companies, and that they affect not only directly as previous studies showed but also indirectly moderating the negative effect of the differences between markets.

The importance of timing of internationalization: a literature review

Purpose - The objective of this study is to focus on the timing of internationalization for enterprises. Timing of entrance to international markets has an important role in terms of the strategies of the firm that are aiming to open up to different markets. Methodology - The study is conducted using literature review and trying to make an indepth analysis about the importance of timing and internationalization process of companies. Findings- Entering foreign markets and internationalization is very important for companies. The initiation of internationalization process is a critical decision especially related with the timing of entrance. There may be different consequences of entrance time for international markets. Those consequences may generate risks or opportunities for companies. Conclusion- Timing of entrance to international markets has an important role in terms of the strategies of the firm that are aiming to open up to different markets. Sometimes businesses may have the advantage of entering earlier to the market and getting the advantage of being first mover by putting their internationalization strategies into practice earlier, but they may also face the risks of some unknown factors related to be the early entrant. On the other side when businesses prefer to enter international markets with a delay, even if it is less costly than entering the market first, it may be possible that this time the timing of entrance will not result in an advantageous market entry strategy. Therefore, in this study, the importance of the timing of entrance to international markets is tried to be emphasized with a literature research.

Importance of The Brand in The Internationalization of Exporting Companies

The actual article succinctly approach the importance of the brand in the internationalization process and how well-founded strategies in this process are gaining prominence in the business context, since the current phase of globalization, the increase in competition, the pace for innovation and the opening of new markets, are directly impacting in the performance of companies in their market. Therefore, this study defined the objective of analyzing the importance of the brand in the internationalization process of companies. The methodology used was literary research opted for bibliographic review, which is based on the analysis of the literature already published, from articles and dissertations in recent years in Portuguese and English, found in periodicals indexed in the SciELO databases. (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and Google Scholar, beyond books relevant to this theme.

The impact of market orientation on the internationalisation of SMEs

Purpose A key point in the internationalisation process of companies comes with the choice of international market. Following this choice, the results companies may thereby obtain help in measuring their level of international performance. This study aims to measure the impact of internationalisation processes in keeping with company market orientations (MOs) through measuring their effect on international performance. Design/methodology/approach The authors obtained the data from a questionnaire sent out by email to a total of 8,103 exporting companies and/or with interests in exporting (the study population) registered in the AICEP-Portugal Global database that provided the email addresses of the company representatives responsible for internationalisation. The authors received a total of 320 valid responses (sample). Findings The results display a positive MO effect both on internationalisation processes and on international performance. The authors also note the importance of studying the influence of strategic orientations on internationalization processes, motivated by the particular SME’s characteristics. Originality/value The authors aim to contribute to the study of the influence of the MO, both upstream and downstream, thus seeking to verify its impact on internationalization processes.

RUMO AO EXTERIOR: TRAJETÓRIA DE PEQUENOS E MÉDIOS NEGÓCIOS DA CADEIA DE PETRÓLEO E GÁS

Este estudo objetiva analisar a trajetória de pequenas e médias empresas da Cadeia de Petróleo e Gás de Sergipe no mercado externo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória, e o método adotado foi de estudo de casos. Foi constatado que a motivação dos empresários para entrar no mercado externo ocorreu, principalmente, pela necessidade de redução do mercado interno, busca de novos mercados e oportunidade surgida no exterior. As estratégias diferenciação e enfoque são as mais utilizadas pelas empresas no processo de internacionalização, e a exportação direta e a parceria são os tipos de entrada mais adotados. A competência técnica dos gestores, o conhecimento de mercado e a formação de parcerias foram determinantes para a trajetória internacional das empresas. O processo de internacionalização das empresas segue os pressupostos do modelo de Uppsala e tem similaridade com o da Escola Nórdica.

O Processo de Internacionalização na Transformação das Capacidades Dinâmicas de Pequenas Empresas

Estratégias de internacionalização tem sido foco de diversas pequenas empresas que optam por um desempenho superior ao longo do tempo. Uma visão de capacidade dinâmica pode oferecer uma base adequada a fim de integrar, construir e reconfigurar as competências internas e externas dessas organizações para enfrentar as mudanças ambientais. As capacidades dinâmicas podem ser adaptadas aos processos específicos de internacionalização das empresas, uma vez que, seja de maneira incremental ou acelerada, pode-se propiciar a criação de capacidades diferenciais ao negócio. Por meio de um estudo de caso, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a relação do processo de internacionalização com a transformação das capacidades dinâmicas de uma indústria de pequeno porte do setor de orgânicos. O método de pesquisa utilizado é de natureza qualitativa e descritiva através de uma abordagem processual. Como resultados, evidenciou-se que a gestão de recursos humanos e o potencial de inovação foram as capacidades dinâmicas que mais contribuíram para o processo de internacionalização da organização estudada, além da forma como a cultura exportadora foi incorporada na empresa a qual refletiu no comprometimento com a decisão de se internacionalizar.

Processo de internacionalização e sistemas adaptativos complexos

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as características do processo de internacionalização de empresas do polo de Confecções de Santa Cruz do Capibaribe, em Pernambuco, considerando a abordagem dos Sistemas Adaptativos Complexos. São analisados os comportamentos de duas empresas em direção aos mercados externos ao longo do tempo. O método de pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativo, com abordagem longitudinal. A estratégia adotada é a de estudo de casos. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, além de observação e pesquisa documental. A análise dos dados é realizada a partir do método de comparação constante, proposto por Merriam (2009). É apresentada a análise cruzada dos casos, que gerou quinze (15) evidências. Entende-se que as empresas em processo de internacionalização podem ser consideradas como Sistemas Adaptativos Complexos.

Entry modes and barriers to internationalisation in China: an overview of management consulting firms

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to analyse the entry mode choice of the Spanish companies in China, the factors that influence it and the barriers that they found.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach is used by interviewing the partners of management consulting firms (MCFs) specialised in internationalisation processes in China.FindingsThe decision on the entry mode choice depends on whether the firm has incentives for investment with a partner rather than the size or the international experience of the board and the top managers. The barriers faced by Spanish companies in China are related to legal issues, bureaucracy, culture, language, trust and human resources.Practical implicationsCompanies must have a differential factor to succeed in China and use a legal form that lets them to protect this advantage regardless of the entry form chosen. MCFs pointed out the need to collaborate with local people and to rely on a management team capable of overcoming the barriers.Originality/valueOne of the major contributions of this study is the methodology, as the view of the consultants in the internationalisation process of companies had not been studied before.

A resource-based analysis of the internationalisation process of Spanish wineries

This research applies business resource theory to explain the internationalisation process of companies in the wine sector of Spain. Tangible, technological, and human resources, and market positioning of the company can determine the wineries' choice of internationalisation strategy and foreign market selection. Our findings identify company resources and capabilities that are more likely to speed up or delay the internationalisation process. We found that technological resources tend to accelerate the rate of internationalisation the most, whereas intangible resources of the company tend to determine a slower paced, more gradual internationalisation process. Moreover, we apply the internationalisation priority index (IPI) to explain foreign-country choices and how the gradual or moderate pace of the internationalisation process develops.

Effectuation e a influência das redes sociais em internacionalização de startups em aceleradoras

Aceleradoras recentemente se tornaram uma alternativa mais atuante do que as incubadoras como um mecanismo de apoio e desenvolvimento de startups de base tecnológica, inclusive em sua internacionalização. Ao mesmo tempo, redes sociais possibilitam e aumentam a velocidade do processo de internacionalização de pequenas firmas por meio da obtenção de recursos de terceiros e de conhecimento de mercado. Neste contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi a busca de uma maior compreensão sobre como as aceleradoras agilizam o processo de internacionalização das startups nelas incubadas. Foi realizado um estudo de caso único em profundidade de uma startup de internet. A análise do processo de internacionalização da empresa teve como base teórica a abordagem do empreendedorismo internacional e a teoria de effectuation. Os resultados indicaram que a startup se beneficiou de recursos e conhecimentos obtidos por meio da aceleradora, os quais seriam comumente obtidos por meio de uma rede social. Além disso, a aceleradora, substituindo a rede social informal de maneira formal e estruturada, foi capaz de aumentar a velocidade de internacionalização da firma. A principal contribuição deste artigo é a de iluminar mais detalhadamente a conexão entre os princípios teóricos da effectuation e o uso de redes sociais na internacionacionalização de pequenas firmas.

Corporate Political Strategies and State Owned Enterprises (SOEs)

Management literature is replete with cases of companies that use competitive strategies in the markets in which they operate. However, organizational success often depends on other variables, such as political action, which has been neglected in more detailed studies in strategy literature in general. Researchers such as Epstein (1969), Mizruchi (1992), Schuler (1996), Hillman and Hitt (1999), Blumentritt (2003), Boddewyn (2003), Hadani (2007) and Tian, Hafsi & Wu (2009) have stressed the importance of political strategies, claiming that organizational decisions and actions are influenced in practice by them. In the competitive international markets corporations use political strategies to influence stakeholders in order to conquer segments of the market that they focus on and also to prevent from other adverse interests. In this context, home country governments also assist domestic MNC's international ventures using their state owned enterprises (SOEs). This paper aims to examine the political strategies practiced by a Brazilian multinational engineering company in its international operations in its dealings with home country state owned enterprises. The methodology employed was the single case study, using a qualitative approach for data collection and analysis at a large Brazilian multinational engineering company. The findings revealed that political strategies directed at SOEs from home governments are critical to a company's internationalization process.

Empreendedorismo internacional e Effectuation: O caso do Café Yaguara Ecológico

O objetivo deste estudo é investigar o papel do empreendedor e as características do processo de internacionalização de uma pequena empresa brasileira produtora de café, Yaguara Ecológico, à luz de diferentes abordagens teóricas. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura com atenção especial às teorias de Empreendedorismo Internacional e Effectuation. O presente trabalho trata do fenômeno da International New Venture (OVIATT; McDOUGALL, 1994) e, com intuito de compreender a relevância dos empreendedores no processo de internacionalização da empresa, foi eleita a teoria Effectuation que oferece alternativas para descrever como estes pensam e se comportam ao iniciar um novo empreendimento (PERRY et al., 2012). O método para a pesquisa foi o estudo de caso único e entrevistas em profundidade foram realizadas com gestores da empresa. Os resultados sugerem que as teorias ofereceram explicações para os movimentos de internacionalização da empresa, entretanto, algumas características dessa trajetória não aderiram às proposições teóricas.

Deinstitutionalization of Practice – a Trigger of Organizational Change in the Internationalization Process of Companies

The paper addresses the deinstitutionalization of practice from the processual perspective. Practice deinstitutionalization is a relatively new cognitive concept in management that is inherent in the processual approach. This paper presents its theoretical and empirical aspects. The research goal is to recognize the process of deinstitutionalization in the internationalization context. The study draws on the case study method. The process of deinstitutionalization is initiated by deinstitutionalizing pressures, which may stem from either the internal or external environment of the organization. Deinstitutionalization pressures gave rise to entropy in the studied organization, which resulted in giving up a key business area. The deinstitutionalization of practice may stimulate new practice development and the institutionalization of new organizational schemas of action. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ss.89.3.13674

The experience of Sadia S.A in the Internacional Market: an analysis in the light of the main Business Internationalization theories

The internationalization may represent a possibility of insertion in the global context, a survival strategy and a learning process. The meat sector companies are internationalizing and seeking to overcome the phytosanitary and commercials barriers to, thus, pass to enjoy the facilities and market potentialities. Thereby, the present research aimed to analyze the internationalization process of Brazilian meat sector companies, specifically the experience of Sadia S.A., comparing with the economic theory of the Eclectic Paradigm (Dunning, 1988) and the theory behavioral of the Uppsala School (Johanson and Vahlne, 1977). Has been realized a literature search, of qualitative and exploratory nature. Specifically aimed to: (i) identify the input modes of Sadia S.A. abroad; (ii) verify the main reasons for internationalization in certain countries; and, (iii) verify the adherence of the company's internationalization process to the theories of internationalization. Analyzing the acting of Sadia S.A. on the world market, it is noted that it's based on a gradual process that envisions the reach and exploration of market shares that contribute to its growth, that under the influence and with similarities to the model of the Uppsala School and the precepts of the economic theory of Eclectic Paradigm.

A gestão do design como diferencial de qualidade nas indústrias moveleiras do Alto Uruguai Gaúcho

The development of technological innovation, driven by the internationalization process of companies, products and markets, is triggering major changes in economic performance, competition, in deregulation and in the revolution of knowledge. Realizing of essential importance to understand what function and role design plays in the national furniture industry and to understand how its products are developed, the focus of this study is to identify culturally how the furniture industry in Alto Uruguai/RS operates in relation to the design and propose actions to implement the Design Management, aiming to the effectuation of the design and improvement of quality in the companies. The work was supported by bibliographic and documental resources, structured and semi-structured interviews and also by fieldwork. The research showed that the vast majority of companies demonstrate to understand the importance of design for the development of its products; however, there are few that invest in its accomplishment. Therefore, the design management, being a means of integration and interaction of different areas, can reverse this situation by promoting in the companies the competitive differential that is so necessary for their survival, such as the economic development in the region in which it operates.

Division of Labor between Locals and Foreign VC's in Cross National Investments

Using a newly constructed database on VC investments in Israel between the years 1990-2008, this paper documents a division of labor between local VCs and foreign VCs such that local VCs invest in early stages of the company and foreign VCs invest in later stages. This difference is moderated by: longer years of operation in the local market by the foreign VC; the foreign VC syndicating with a local partner; the foreign VC opening a local subsidiary. This phenomenon is consistent with the liability of foreignness concept and is driven by knowledge asymmetries between foreign and local VCs. This paper illustrates the profound impact of knowledge asymmetries and of intra-firm & inter-firm international knowledge transfer on the internationalization process of companies.

Technological innovation management for sustainable development and competitiveness in the internationalisation context

The study seeks to understand how management practices of technological innovation that take social and environmental responsibility into account influence the internationalisation process of companies. The case study approach was chosen as our research method. The data were obtained by means of semi-structured interviews held at a Brazilian firm operating in the machinery and equipment sector. We sought to identify the main technological management practices that showed commitment to sustainable development. The results suggest that the company's international success and high degree of competitiveness are based on its offering innovative technology solutions that show a commitment to the environment. The study identifies important elements to an emerging knowledge area in the field of management sciences.