International Transport Systems Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF ENTERRELATION BETWEEN ECONOMIC, ROAD, TRANSPORT AND LOGISTIC INDICATORS

The purpose of this research is to identify interrelation analysis between economic, road, transport and logistics indicators. Retrospective research of the freight turnover dynamics was conducted, as well as roads length, number of transport companies and the Gross National Product (GDP) from 1993 to 2017 in the Republic of Kazakhstan. For transport field freight turnover was chosen as economic indicator, for logistics service - the number of transport companies and the length of the motorway - for the infrastructure development. The qualitative analysis of the condition of the road surface showed unevenness of the infrastructure development along the corridor. It was revealed that the increase of freight turnover and the number of companies lead to the growth of the regional economic indicator GDP. However, the transport criteria are significantly lagging behind of the GDP growth rate. The lag was caused by the prolonged period of logistics infrastructure formation. Given the positive dynamics at the time of the route launch, it can be assumed that the development of regional economics is associated with the process of region integration into the international transport system, where the corridor «WE-WC» can be one of integration mechanisms.

Comparative analysis of international transport systems: infrastructure, ratings, transport corridors

The development of world transport depends on globalization and international integration, as well as other sectors of the economy. Therefore, the choice of the trajectory for the intensive development of the transport sector, clustering in transport is possible according to the results of a comparative analysis of transport systems around the world. The purpose of the article is to conduct a comparative analysis of the world-wide transport systems united by territorial criteria to identify similar and distinctive characteristics with the Russian transport system, which will become the prerequisites for the introduction of foreign experience in transport clustering. In the framework of this work, the transport systems of Europe, Asia, North America and Russia are analyzed for the study of infrastructure, the activities of transport and logistics enterprises and the prevalence of international transport corridors. The main results of the analysis were the characteristics of each integrated transport system and the RF system, by specialization and nature of the system (open and closed), the interest of foreign investors in supporting the country's transport industry. The results obtained in the course of work contribute to the development of research by Russian scientists in the field of transport and systematize world statistics on the transport systems of states united by territorial principle, which are elements of the global transport system. The study should be useful for scientists, researchers involved in issues and problems of the development of the transport industry, clustering in transport and transport system management.

Large‐scale road safety evaluation using extreme value theory

Emerging international transportation system (ITS) and sensing technologies allow collecting of large amounts of high-quality traffic data in highways, which can be used for road safety analysis. With this kind of data, it is possible to apply extreme value theory (EVT), which is gaining interest in the field of road safety, thanks to its ability to produce quick and reliable safety evaluations. EVT can estimate the probability of extreme events (i.e. road crashes) from relatively short observation periods, using surrogate measures of safety in place of crash data. In this work, EVT is applied for a large-scale case study in two motorways, located in north-eastern Italy. Vehicle-by-vehicle information was collected using microwave radars in 19 motorways cross-sections for one year, and time-to-collision was calculated for each pair of consecutive vehicles. A six-year crash database of the toll road was used to validate model results. For each cross-section, two traditional approaches, block-maxima and peak-over-threshold, were applied to estimate EVT parameters. Both approaches produced reliable predictions of annual rear-end collisions; in particular, in about 90% of the cross-sections, the observed number of crashes fell within the 95% confidence interval of the predicted number of crashes.

Mechanisms of customs formalities in the international transport system

The effective implementation of customs operations is one of the main manifestations of the high degree of development of the logistics system in terms of the formation of an international transport complex while ensuring national security of the state. The technology of customs and transport regulation should ensure the acceleration of goods turnover and passenger traffic, which is one of the main tasks of most customs agencies of foreign countries caused by various integration processes in the field of tourism development, the international distribution of labor, the creation of common labor markets, as well as the organization of an international logistics system. The introduction of balanced, stable technologies of customs control and customs clearance creates the conditions for the stable functioning of the logistics system, its strengthening, helps to accelerate the process of goods distribution, develop the export potential of domestic products, deepen inte-gration in the European and world systems and enhance participation in international customs organizations.

ТРАНСПОРТ ЯПОНИИ В ОКЕАНЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ И ПРИРОДНЫХ ПОТРЯСЕНИЙ

Based on the experience of the “lost decade” Japan emerged from the world economic crisis of 2008–2009 faster, compared to other developed countries. However full-scale anti-crisis programs, presented in the real sector of the economy mainly by the projects in transport infrastructure, inevitably put a heavy burden on the country’s budget. Since 2010, the Japanese economy has shown some signs of recovery, though the Great Japanese Earthquake of 2011 caused huge damage to the entire Japanese economy and transport in the Tohoku region. It entailed significant costs for the restoration of transport system. Since 1990, the share of transport in GDP and the structure of goods transported by individual modes of transport have remained the same: Road and sea coastal transport played a major role in domestic transport communication, while sea transport played a major role in international transport system. The importance of rail transport in passenger transportation was preserved and its scale even increased. Transport fully met the needs of the economy and proved to be one of the means helping the economy out of the crisis. The ocean of economic and natural shocks that befell Japan made the inhabitants of that country take a new look at the prospects for the transport development. The new strategy for innovative development provides not so much an increase in speed, but rather the reliability, safety and environmental friendliness of transportation means. Implementation of the 4.0 revolution’s achievements presents an urgent need. The entire economy of the country, as well as its place in the world economy, to a large extent depends on the pace of transition to a new model of transportation.

Current trends in the formation of international transport systems

The purpose of the study is to establish and formalize current trends in the construction and formation of international transport systems. In this regard, first of all, the definition of international transport systems is given. In modern conditions, the formation and development of national transport systems is largely determined by the focus on international transport and economic relations, and the possibility of attracting international transit cargo flows to the transport system of countries. In this paper, all systems of existing transport corridors, Euro-Asian transport directions, transport of regions of economic cooperation and existing agreements on international routes and lines on different types of transport are considered in the axiomatic of their classification as international transport systems. A retrospective analysis of the development of international transport systems, their transformation and conversion in the process of evolution is given. In conclusion, the paper provides recommendations on the need for further research related to the theoretical and conceptual justification of trends in the formation of international transport systems, the study of legal support for their functioning, modeling the interaction of different types of transport, the prospects for their development, the possible assessment of efficiency and other issues related to thisproblem.

Logistics service market in Ukraine: current state, problems and prospects

The current state of logistic sector development in Ukraine, features of its formation and development, focusing on export and import of transport services according to their types are considered in this paper. The preconditions for the need to form an efficient logistics system of the national economy, which is be able to ensure the transport capacity of export-import and transit flows, are outlined. Factors that significantly affect the quality of the logistics market in Ukraine, including the imperfection of certain provisions of customs legislation, lack of transparency and openness of customs, deteriorating quality of transport infrastructure and the lack of simplified rules for determining the origin of goods are highlighted. The need for systematic analysis of strengths and weaknesses of the domestic business environment in determining the impact of various factors on the level and dynamics of competitiveness of the national logistics structure are substantiated, the effective strategy for its operation in the global competitive environment is developed. The volume of exports of services and imports of transport services of Ukraine is investigated by geographical structure and the models of trend indicators confirming the possibility of forecasting the volumes of transport services are built. It is proved that Ukraine’s disposition in the global economic dimension and ability to provide efficient logistics can be traced by its place among other countries in international ratings assessed by world organizations, analytical institutions and experts from the world using general statistics based on special social, economic and political indices. The share of export-import logistics services in foreign trade is investigated by types, structure and dynamics. The positions of Ukraine in the rating of Logistic Performance Index, which determines the state of trade logistics at the national and international levels, are analyzed, the main trends of its change are determined and the factors that cause such changes are identified. Problems of international transport and logistics systems functioning are revealed and the ways to improve the market of logistics services in Ukraine are proposed. The directions of further research concerning the increase in the level of efficiency of transport logistics of Ukraine on the world market are determined.

“Polar Silk road”: project implementation and geo-economic interests of Russia and China

The authors focus on the Northern sea route of Russia, which is considered as a transcontinental Euro-Asian sea transport corridor. It is emphasized that the Arctic is not only a reliable source of energy security of Russia, but also an important geostrategic region. In this regard, the Northern sea route will be modernized even if the Chinese idea of the “Polar silk road” is not implemented at all. The role of China in the development of the transit highway project, which remains a reserve of the international transport system, is analyzed. There are some high expectations of Russia from the project, as the neighboring country is extremely cautious in its implementation, investing capital mainly in mining. In addition, there is a fear that the declared principles of the project implementation will lead, if not to the complete displacement of Russian business, then to a sharp weakening of its positions. This point of view is confirmed by the policy of Chinese investors to exercise strict control over the emerging transport arteries. Among the vulnerable points of the silk road project implementation are severe natural conditions, restrictions of the navigation season, insufficient capacity of the icebreaker fleet, economic sanctions of the United States and Western Europe, as well as the difficulties of creating a modern transport infrastructure along the sea route.

DIFFERENCE RESEARCH OF UKRAINIAN AND EUROPEAN RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE

Purpose. The article is aimed to analyze the main differences of the Ukrainian railway infrastructure, comparing both with the neighboring countries at the western border and with the countries to which the 1520 mm track can be drawn, taking into account the direction of the main freight traffic volume from East to West. It is also aimed to provide quantitative and qualitative assessment of technical compatibility and other indicators of railway networks in relation to the territory of Ukraine. Methodology. To obtain data on infrastructure and transportation volumes in the mentioned countries, a world literature review on this subject was performed using full-text and statistical databases. The methodology involves the analysis and systematization of the information obtained to establish relevant dependencies, conclusions and proposals. Findings. It is proved that international transportations through the territory of Ukraine have certain features. Changing the railway track standards at the border with European countries forces to search for the most rational routes for cargo transportation (taking into account the distance, technical condition and parameters of international transport corridors, delivery speed, etc.) and rational technologies for the goods transfer at border points, which make it possible to take these transportations to an innovative path of development. Originality. Based on the positive experience, first of all of the European Union countries, the authors have shown that with the presence of efficient transport network and a developed system of cargo transfer at the points of changing the railway infrastructure standards, both domestic and transit freight traffic volumes significantly increase, which makes it possible to increase the attractiveness of the country in the international transportation system. Practical value. Based on the obtained results, it is shown that the Ukrainian railway transport can be integrated into the European transport network, providing the modernization of track, engineering structures and other facilities included in the railway infrastructure, the introduction of new rolling stock, which will ensure passenger transportations by day trains with the required comfort and maximal set speed.

Multiscale core-periphery structure in a global liner shipping network

Maritime transport accounts for a majority of trades in volume, of which 70% in value is carried by container ships that transit regular routes on fixed schedules in the ocean. In the present paper, we analyse a data set of global liner shipping as a network of ports. In particular, we construct the network of the ports as the one-mode projection of a bipartite network composed of ports and ship routes. Like other transportation networks, global liner shipping networks may have core-periphery structure, where a core and a periphery are groups of densely and sparsely interconnected nodes, respectively. Core-periphery structure may have practical implications for understanding the robustness, efficiency and uneven development of international transportation systems. We develop an algorithm to detect core-periphery pairs in a network, which allows one to find core and peripheral nodes on different scales and uses a configuration model that accounts for the fact that the network is obtained by the one-mode projection of a bipartite network. We also found that most ports are core (as opposed to peripheral) ports and that ports in some countries in Europe, America and Asia belong to a global core-periphery pair across different scales, whereas ports in other countries do not.

Utilizing MapReduce to Improve Probe-Car Track Data Mining

With the rapidly increasing popularization of the automobile, challenges and greater demands have come to the fore, including traffic congestion, energy crises, traffic safety, and environmental pollution. To address these challenges and demands, enhanced data support and advanced data collection methods are crucial and highly in need. A probe-car serves as an important and effective way to obtain real-time urban road traffic status in the international Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), and probe-car technology provides the corresponding solution through advanced navigation data, offering more possibilities to address the above problems. In addition, massive spatial data-mining technologies associated with probe-car tracking data have emerged. This paper discusses the major problems of spatial data-mining technologies for probe-car tracking data, such as true path restoration and the close correlation of spatial data. To address the road-matching issue in massive probe-car tracking data caused by the strong correlation combining road topology with map matching, this paper presents a MapReduce-based technology in the second spatial data model. The experimental results demonstrate that by implementing the proposed spatial data-mining system on distributed parallel computing, the computational performance was effectively improved by five times and the hardware requirements were significantly reduced.

ЛОГІСТИЧНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ЯК ФАКТОР ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ОБСЛУГОВУВАННЯ СПОЖИВАЧІВ ТРАНСПОРТНИХ ПОСЛУГ

The article substantiates necessity of introduction logistic technologies in transport for maintenance quality of service for transport services consumers. It is determined that effective use of logistic technologies and rational planning of production and sales are among the main factors for competitive advantages at enterprises. The main functions of transport logistics at enterprises are also highlighted, and importance of integrating function in the modern conditions of development is substantiated. In the article were made locks that transport and logistics systems are a means of integrating the domestic transport complex into international transport and logistics systems by ensuring their effective interaction; satisfies the needs of consumers of transport and logistics services through the harmonization of their interests with the interests of all participants of the transport and distribution process; promotes the implementation of an effective transport policy based on the rational allocation of investment funds from the state and the private sector; creates a flexible tariff policy for various types of transport in order to increase transit freight flows through the territory of Ukraine on the basis of the formation of optimal delivery schemes. It is also determined that the solution of the problem of the efficiency of distribution of goods and improving the quality of service of consumers of transport services in market conditions is closely linked to the problem of service quality. The quality of the logistics service is determined by the reliability of the delivery, the full time from the time of receipt of the order to the completion of the delivery, the possibility of choosing a delivery method, the time at which the order is made, the availability of stocks, the possibility of granting loans and discounts, the duration of cargo operations and idle time waiting for an unloading, number of vehicles, etc.

Development of transit potential in conditions of integration of the Republic of Kazakhstan into International transport system

Development of transit potential in conditions of integration of the Republic of Kazakhstan into International transport system

ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ТРАНСПОРТНО- ЛОГІСТИЧНИХ СИСТЕМ УКРАЇНИ

This article examines the main prospects for development of transport and logistics systems, which will contribute to i ncrease of transportation and development of the transport industry as a whole, development direction and measures for improvement of transport logistics in Ukraine at the present stage are determined. The main functions of transport logistics at enterprises are also highlighted, and the importance of integrating function in the modern conditions of development is substantiated. In the article were made locks that transport and logistics systems are a means of integrating the domestic transport complex into international transport and logistics systems by ensuring their effective interaction; satisfies the needs of consumers of transport and logistics services through the harmonization of their interests with the interests of all participants of the transport and distribution process; promotes the implementation of an effective transport policy based on the rational allocation of investment funds from the state and the private sector; creates a flexible tariff policy for various types of transport in order to increase transit freight flows through the territory of Ukraine on the basis of the formation of optimal delivery schemes. It can also be concluded that the gradual, purposeful integration of the transport complex of Ukraine into the pan-European and world transport system through the development of international transport corridors can provide not only additional revenues to the budget, but also stimulate investment activity, attract foreign capital, improve transport technologies, transport infrastructure of the country as a whole and the economic development of the regions.

Funkcjonowanie i rozwój portów morskich w Chińskiej Republice Ludowej

Seaports, being elements of national and international transport systems, are areas for carrying out various economic activities, mainly handling cargo and passengers (in the process of transport) and the means of transport. A special role in today’s markets of port services, play Chinese seaports, in the last decades going through the evolution that brought them to the tops of seaports world rankings. The article presents the position of ports in the landsea transport chains and their economic functions, with the help of which the importance of these objects for the economies of cities, regions and countries is determined. Particular attention was paid to Chinese ports, which role in global maritime transport is not to be underestimated.

The Project of Intellectual Multimodal Transport System

The article present ways to design and develop intelligent multi-modal transport system capable of improving the safety of citizens, society and the state, protect their interests from the various types of threats. Its architecture is described herein which ensures implementation of main functional elements, strategic model of the telecommunication subsystem of the motor transport mode (as a component of the intellectual transport system). Architecture of the road subsystem to manage the intellectual multimodal transport system is described in detail. Its design and implementation are able to improve functional efficiency, general service quality, level of ensured safety and environmental functioning of both the Russian and international transport systems.

Rivers, Memory, and Nation-Building: A History of the Volga and Mississippi Rivers by Dorothy Zeisler-Vralsted

Rivers, Memory, and Nation-Building: A History of the and Mississippi Rivers, by Dorothy Zeisler-Vralsted. New York, Berghahn Books, 2014. xiii, 189 pp. $95.00 US (cloth). The River and the Mississippi River have a great deal in common. The two rivers are the longest waterways in their respective continents: the in Europe and the Mississippi in North America. Americans and Russians have each heavily modified the continental rivers for domestic and industrial purposes, sewerage, hydroelectric power, recreation, and navigation. Communities located along both rivers became international ports and a part of an international maritime transportation system. As with most large flood plain rivers, the and Mississippi are also artefacts. They are what Richard White describes as the organic machines, material symbols of the merge between human and natural history in the Anthropocene era. Dorothy Zeisler-Vralsted demonstrates that the Mother Volga and the Father of Waters, or the and the Mississippi, played key roles in the identity, culture, and memory of Russia and the US. Leaders of both nations long dreamed of harnessing the hydroelectric and commercial potential, and undertook significant improvements in the 1930s. The Moscow-Volga Canal was completed in 1937 as part of Joseph Stalin's second Five-Year Plan. The Upper Mississippi River 9-Foot Channel Project neared completion during the New Deal. These two projects are a fundamental part of the volume and serve to unite Zeisler-Vralsted's comparative analysis. The author divides her study into an introduction, five chapters, and an epilogue. Chapters one and two offer a comparative historical and cultural overview of the Mississippi and Rivers the sixteenth century through the nineteenth century. Chapter three examines the role of these rivers in industrializing and urbanizing nations. The final two chapters address the development of the Mississippi and Volga, with a focus on the 1930s. The rich and detailed citations are a tour deforce of sources related to these rivers and the environmental history of rivers more broadly. At the same time, the thematic direction of the author's analysis downplays the role of and economic systems in shaping the historical relationship between people and rivers. In her introduction, the author asserts that political ideologies become conflated as the historical similarities overwhelm any national differences (80) and from the perspective of the rivers, ideology mattered little (12)--a theme that carries throughout the volume. One is reminded of the recent scientific literature on the Anthropocene that, for the most part, treats human agency as a single, undifferentiated variable. …

A Study on Japan’s International Rail Freight Strategy Focusing on Comparison between Korean and China

최근 동아시아 국가에서 환경면에서 우수한 철도화물의 중요성을 재인식하고 있으며, 철도는 인프라로서 중요성 때문에 경제 발전을 견인하는 전략 수단으로 인식 되고 있다. 특히 우리나라의 경우 철도에 의한 대륙연계수송이 적극적으로 검토되고 있다. 일본의 경우 이제까지 국제화물운송의 경우 해상중심, 국내화물수송은 자동차와 철도가 담당하였다. 그러나 물류의 국제화, 철도 화물수송의 국제화에 따라 철도화물수송을 해상수송과 연계하는 복합수송을 모색하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 일본과 한국 중국의 철도화물수송의 현상과 특징을 분석하고 동아시아 각국으로부터의 대륙수송, 특히 일본으로부터의 대륙수송의 가능성을 함께 검토해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 동아시아의 철도화물의 역사와 각국의 현상을 분석하여 상호발전의 가능성과 일본의 철도화물수송의 발전내용을 모색해 보았다. 특히 본 연구에서는 일본이 우리나라와 해상과 철도를 연결하는 RSR (Rail∼Ship∼Rail) 사업을 현재 진행 중에 있어 이에 대한 활성화도 기대되고 있어 이 부분도 함께 검토하였고 발전방향을 제시하였다. 마지막으로 한국철도 의 시사점도 제시하였다. 우리나라는 중국과 일본의 중간운송형태의 철도화물의 형태를 보이는 우리나라는 일본의 기업형과 중국의 대륙형의 장점을 모두 벤치마킹하여 이를 적극적으로 활용하는 노력이 필요하다. 예를 들면 일본이 가진 효율성과 운영효율제고 전략과 중국의 하드웨어 확충전략을 적절하게 도입할 필요가 있다. 특히 3개국간에 셔틀개념의 철도화물활성화를 위한 노력이 기대된다. 운임경쟁력과 시간 경쟁력을 가질 수 있도록 집중적인 협력과 활성화 노력이 필요하며, 이는 향후 대륙철도와 관련 있는 유라시아 이니셔티브와도 연계되는 사업이라고 하겠다.Recently rail freight has recognized as one of the most important environment friendly means of transportation in East Asian countries. Rail freight plays an essential role as a booster of the economic development as a major infrastructure. Especially Korea is significantly reviewing the continental rail freight through TSR and TCR to European countries. In case of Japan, international freight transport system has been mainly operated by sea transportation, while domestic freight system has been done by road and railway. However, according to the development of international logistics, the intermodal freight system between the rail and the road freight has been grouped for international freight transportation. This paper has reviewed the situation and characteristics of East Asian countries including Japan, Korea, China’s rail freight transportation and suggests the development plans and potential international rail freight continental route as a prospect research topic. Based on these analyses, this paper examines Japan’s rail freight history and situation, suggesting the development devices. Also, it studies RSR (Rail∼Ship∼Rail) programs operated by Japan, Korea and China. Finally, this paper presents several significant implication and directions of Korean railway system. Firstly, Korea has to review the Japan’s efficient company model and China’s model and rail freight model focusing on hardware expansion. Secondly, RSR model among East Asian countries has to adopt shuttle freight service to shorten the length of time and make inexpensive fare. Finally, by providing higher quality of the rail freight, this paper projects the potential means of starter that leads to continental rail freight services in the future.

Restructuring of coal mines: information resources

Coal is a strategic resource for Ukraine and it is therefore necessary to identify some promising directions for development of mines within the Donetsk coal basin, despite economic and political difficulties. Restructuring plays an important role in improvement of coal enterprises' performance.In her previous publication, the author proposed a coal mine restructuring model which included some technological changes, with information resources being their important element. Computer technology facilities enable mine managers and specialists to obtain reliable, complete and timely information required for taking managerial decisions.The research conducted allowed to identify two main directions for process informatization and automation: technology and management. The technological direction implies equipping coal mining complexes with automated monitoring and control systems.As an example, the author examines functions of a Technologist's Automated Information System (AIST) which collects, processes, transfers and provides necessary information about the longwall operation.Labor safety of miners is an integral part of the coal mining process. To improve its level, there are integrated safety systems in place. The paper describes the UTAS (Unified Telecommunication System for Dispatch and Automated Controls of Mining Machines and Technological Complexes) and ITRAS (International Transportation System) and their benefits.The managerial direction is represented by a SKIP computer support system which performs information computation operations.The conducted analysis of information support of production and managerial activities shows that the restructuring necessitates improved informatization of the above processes. Towards that end, it is proposed to introduce the main modules of the SAMARA geoinformation system, which help develop, update and employ an information and geometric model of a mine take for addressing design, calculation and graphical tasks.To improve quality of administrative efforts of accounting and personnel departments, it is expedient to use Module '1С: Wages and staff' of software '1С: Enterprise'.

Economy-wide impacts of reduced wait times at U.S. international airports

Passport and customs inspections monitor the cross-border flows of people and goods, and are a “bottleneck” in the international transportation system that can cause significant and costly wait times for many passengers. U.S. passport inspection wait times have been criticized in recent years, and recent studies show that small changes in U.S. inspection wait times could change international travel demand, impact U.S. economic sectors reliant on international travel, and generate further impacts across the economy. This paper estimates economy-wide impacts of reduced passport inspection wait times at four international airports under two scenarios: 1) adding one Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officer to each of the 14 inspection sites and 2) reducing inspection wait times by 50%. We simulate the economy-wide GDP and employment impacts of these international travel-related spending changes using a computable general equilibrium model of the U.S. economy that accounts for price and substitution effects across supply-chain linkages. Adding 14 officers in the four airports is estimated to increase GDP by $4.5 to $11.7million and add 36 to 93 jobs across the economy. A 50% wait time reduction at these four airports is estimated to increase GDP by $81.5m to $260.7m, and add 651 to 2152 jobs to the U.S. economy.