International Transport Systems Research Articles

Air Transport Organization: Competitiveness, Globalization, and Innovation

Introduction. Effective organization of air transportation is the basis of strengthening the positions of airlines in the international air transport system in the conditions of deepening globalization processes of aviation activity.Problem Statement. It is a priority direction for the development of aviation activities within the framework of the concept of the state's transport policy, which ensures the safety of passengers and the transparency of territorial and industrial relations in the conditions of constant changes in the economic environment of the national economy.Purpose. Research of the current state of aviation activity, ensuring the effective organization of air transportation in the transport system and interrelated branches of the national economy.Materials and Мethods. A dialectical-materialist approach, induction and deduction, abstraction and concretization, formalization and analogy have been employed. Statistical documents of international organizations, private and state institutions, publications of research by domestic and foreign researchers have been used as reference material.Results. Five elements of the organization of air transportation at the global level are highlighted: the largest specific weight of passenger transportation in the structure of aviation activity; the aviation industry is promising, which is gradually expanding the boundaries of its niche in the world transport market; the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the aviation industry, changing the centers of economic gravity; active activity of global aviation organizations and associations, which covers most countries of the world; development of a regulatory and legal framework of a global level and global standardization of aviation activities. The challenges of the aviation industry, which arise at the global level, have been characterized.Conclusions. The key prospects for the development of the global aviation industry based on innovative activities are: the latest types of aviation fuel aimed at environmental safety; targeting new layers of potential customers; growth of jobs in the aviation industry; compliance with the accuracy of the departure/arrival schedule; smart service and flight safety.

Transformation of the international transport and logistics system under sanctions

Transformation of the international transport and logistics system under sanctions

OPPORTUNITIES AND RESULTS OF INTEGRATION OF KAZAKHSTAN'S TRANSPORT SYSTEM WITH INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT SYSTEMS

The article examines the transport and transit industry of Kazakhstan, strategic planning for improving the logistics infrastructure, creating a network of multimodal transport and logistics centers integrated into regional transport and logistics systems, ensuring close integration of the Kazakh transport system as an equal partner with international transport systems. The main components of the logistics infrastructure of multimodal transport and logistics centers, international transport corridors that ensure coordinated interaction of modes of transport and other participants in the transport and logistics process in Kazakhstan are considered as strategic points for the development of the economy of Kazakhstan. Modern international transport corridors are becoming the main core of the effective development of interstate economic relations in the era of globalization of the world economy. This industry is considered as an important factor of socio-economic prosperity and the Republic of Kazakhstan, which is heading towards an innovative path of development. Because international transport corridors are one of the most important industries that contributes to the prosperity of the global economy, facilitating trade and exchange of goods between countries of the world.

Трематоды рода Apophallus (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) в фауне многоклеточных паразитов Perca fluviatilis (Perciformes, Actinopterygii) в дельте Волги

The living conditions of aquatic organisms in the Volga-Caspian Sea Shipping Canal are determined by a high level of complex multifactor anthropogenic load. As a link in a unified international transport system, the canal serves as an invasive corridor for the settlement of alien organisms, including parasites. The fauna of multicellular parasites Perca fluviatilis (Perciformes) in the canal area was studied. 6 taxa of parasitic organisms have been registered. The nematode Eustrongylides excisus occupies a dominant position in the fauna of macroparasites P. fluviatilis. An alien trematode, Apophallus muehlingi, was discovered associated with the invasive mollusk Lithoglyphus naticoides; the parasite has the status of a codominant species. A specific parasite widely distributed in perch fish populations in the Volga delta, Apophallus donicus, has not been registered. The high degree of invasion of perch by A. muehlingi during the three-year study period indicates the stability of the parasitic subsystem “A. muehlingi – P. fluviatilis”, previously uncharacteristic for this host species in the lower reaches of the Volga. Currently, more favorable conditions have developed for the invasion of perch A. muehlingi than A. donicus in certain areas of the Volga delta. Thus, structural changes were found in the host-parasite relationships systems of the trematodes of the genus Apophallus, which appear in the form of a partial restructuring of the species and host structure of the fauna of macroparasites P. fluviatils in the investigated area of the river. This situation is determined by factors that are largely anthropogenic in nature – changes in the living conditions of hosts and parasites, caused by a combination of fluctuations in the level of the Caspian Sea and the discharge of the Volgograd hydroelectric station, intensive shipping (large volume of cargo transportation) and high fishing pressure. The most likely significant additional factor of changes in the nature of infection of P. fluviatils by trematodes of the genus Apophallus is currently a decrease in the stocks of populations of some massive species of cyprinid fish – the second intermediate hosts of A. muehlingi, for which the parasite is defined as specific.

Trading locomotives between the USA and Japan: Okura & Co. at the beginning of the twentieth century

Abstract This article examines international transactions related to steam locomotives at the beginning of the twentieth century while focusing on Japanese trading companies. In particular, it considers in detail how Japanese trading companies acquired the knowledge and know-how of locomotive trading to carry out their business transactions through a case study of Okura & Co.'s New York branch office. The analysis highlights the following three factors that supported Okura's locomotive trade in New York: first, the company took advantage of business opportunities by collecting information through networks of Japanese contacts in New York and local experts; second, it utilised social and technological infrastructure, including international communication lines, transportation, and financial systems, as key fundamentals of its overseas activities; third, a former oyatoi (hired foreigner) played a critical role as its consulting engineer. In particular, the overseas activities of Japanese trading companies drew heavily on formerly hired foreign engineers, whose technological knowledge and networks became an essential route of knowledge transfer in cross-regional commercial management. These will contribute to the evolution of history related to the starting points of global activities of Japanese trading companies.

Международные транспортные коридоры как инструмент организации эффективной транспортно-логистической системы

In modern conditions of reorientation of international trade relations, a significant number of scientists and researchers pay attention to the problems of transport logistics of commodity flows, which is confirmed by relevant specialized works. In the framework of this study, we paid attention to the peculiarities of organizing logistics work in different countries of the world. Separately, which is especially relevant, the role and place of the Russian Federation in the international transport and logistics system is revealed. The issues of organizing national and international transport corridors are considered.

Innovative design of the regional transport system: Intellectualization and energy efficiency

The paper studies domestic and world trends of innovative development of transport system, the supporting structure of which is indicative planning, implemented by the Russian state, which, anticipating the future, stimulates the process of development of intelligent transport system (ITS), and integration of its elements at all levels of the organized business and management environment. The Russian Federation has a strong transit potential, due to which it acts as a fundamental transport and logistics center of attraction for the countries of the Eurasian continent which occupies forty percent of the land area and has a population of about five and a half billion people. The development of intelligent transport system of Russia, based on innovative technologies of transport processes and technologies of digital economy, play an important role in increasing the competitiveness of the transport complex of the country as a whole, the domestic economy has a significant impact on the expansion and deepening of mutually beneficial economic cooperation with the countries of the world. Moscow and Tatarstan have created the most complete set of modern institutions, tools and mechanisms for providing services, technical equipment and solving emerging problems of ITS. On the territory of Kaluga region an automotive cluster with three technology parks is actively developing. In addition, the following clusters are being improved: IT, composite, scientific and educational, nuclear, and tourism clusters. However, the priority of development is given to the transport and logistics cluster of the region, in which such directions of activity dominate as the improvement of railways and highways, as well as the road network as a whole, based on the development and implementation in the region of intelligent transport and telecommunication systems. The research presents basic, conceptual provisions of the perspective projection of the development of the international intelligent transport system in Russia on the example of Kaluga region.

Formation of optimal parameters of the cargo ship maintenance system through digital strategies

Contemporary merchant ships play a key role in the international transportation system, ensuring the transportation of large volumes of cargo around the world. This places great demands on the efficiency and reliability of shipboard equipment. Cargo ship maintenance systems play an important role in ensuring the proper functioning of ships and their safety. However, there are certain problems associated with the current state of ship maintenance systems. In particular, the issues of reliability and efficiency of maintenance are critical for optimizing costs and increasing the efficiency of maritime transport. Optimal parameters of the maintenance system can solve these problems and improve the operation of cargo ships. The purpose of the article is to consider and justify the optimal parameters of the ship maintenance system based on the application of digital strategies. The problem statement includes the need to increase the reliability of ship equipment, reduce costs and improve operational performance. An analysis of previous research and publications is used to identify potential challenges and demonstrate how the use of digital strategies can address these issues. The article includes a detailed literature review and discusses state-of-the-art methods for optimizing maintenance parameters, including stochastic aspects and reliability methods. The conclusions of the article point to the importance of reorganizing and optimizing ship maintenance systems and emphasize the role of digital strategies in achieving this goal. The study helps to solve key problems in the field of cargo ship maintenance and improve the efficiency and reliability of ship equipment. The results of the study have practical application for shipping companies and organizations operating in the field of maritime transport

Analysis of the development of the transport system taking into account natural and geographical factors (on the example of the city of Chernivtsi)

The article is devoted to determining the influence of natural and geographical factors on the transport structure in the conditions of urbanization. Transport has always played a significant role in the organization and development of territories, the level of transport provision reflected the status of the country, its importance in the world community. The purpose of the study is to establish the nature of the dependence of the transport structure on the natural conditions of the area and the geography of the region using the example of the city of Chernivtsi, to determine the conditionality of the features of building internal and external transport links in the urban space and beyond, and changes in the environment under their influence. The research methodology involves the involvement of general scientific and special methods, which allows us to consider the problem in different aspects, take into account the peculiarities of interdisciplinary issues in the field of urban planning and transport geography. The types of transport and the nature of the links between settlements, and in general the choice of the place where these settlements were founded, directly depended on the natural and geographical conditions of the area. The structure of urban development was formed on the basis of land and waterways. The streets duplicated directions to neighboring settlements or economic points of attraction (raw material extraction sites, trading posts, etc.). In the modern world, additional questions arise regarding the environmental aspects of the development of transport infrastructure - its impact on the environment and the quality of human life. This is especially true for large transport hubs that create a significant burden on the entire ecosystem due to the consumption of large amounts of energy, noise and light pollution, and chemical emissions. The adoption of the most adapted decisions on the nature of the traffic load in certain environmental conditions allows maintaining the balance of the ecosystem in a space that automatically passes to the status of an urbanized one. The city of Chernivtsi is indicative for Ukraine in terms of considering the relationship of the transport structure with the natural and geographical environment, since here the problem can be considered in temporal genesis, taking into account spatial changes - the transfer of transport hubs and main networks. In addition, Chernivtsi is positioned as a potential international transport hub based on a new airport, which will allow joining the international air transportation system. The most successful geographical position since the founding of the city on the trade route ensured the further development of the entire transport system. As a result, it was found that the main directions of economic relations and the transport networks served by them were laid down from the beginning of the formation of the city of Chernivtsi as an important stronghold on trade routes. Further, they developed due to the expansion of needs and new modes of transport (the consequences of technological progress). The tracing was determined by the location of neighboring settlements and the features of the terrain. In the city itself, the Prut became the main forming axis and significant differences in elevation marks on its right bank, which determined the nature of the development of the territory, the general street system. With the advent of the railway, it became necessary to create additional transport routes that were required to ensure its functioning. The construction of the airport also required the creation of an entrance to it by land transport. Automatically, all additionally involved territories were subject to gradual ordering, that is, they passed into the status of suburbanized. In recent years, there has been an urgent need to modernize the airport in Chernivtsi. Modern requirements for its equipment required the choice of another location - in the suburban area, which continues to develop the trend of suburbanization of new territories outside the city. The formation of a large transport hub based on the new airport will give impetus to the further development of the city, its inclusion in the international transport system in the field of air traffic. The rest of the transport structure is obliged to ensure its functioning. Taking into account natural and geographical factors will reduce the impact on the overall ecosystem of the territories, which is one of the most important requirements of our time. Keywords: transport system, natural and geographical factors, suburbanized space, transport hub, transport network.

Conflict of lien laws relating to the sale of abandoned goods carried by multimodal transport in Ethiopia

Background: Inland dry ports in Ethiopia serve as extended destinations for goods transported by sea, especially under the international multimodal transport system, to fulfil customs formalities. Ethiopia’s multimodal transport law gives carriers lien rights to detain cargo and documents to recover all sums payable under multimodal contracts. However, the country’s customs law gives customs the right to sell abandoned goods by auction and collect duties and taxes before any other payments are made.Objectives: This study critically examines current regulations and practices relating to carriers’ lien rights to recover uncollected charges on goods abandoned at inland dry ports.Method: A qualitative case study design is used to analyse the challenges and provide solutions for multimodal transport operators dealing with abandoned goods at inland terminals.Results: A major reason for abandonment is that the proceeds of sales of abandoned goods are insufficient to pay for taxes and logistics expenses. The Ethiopian Shipping and Logistics Services Enterprise has lost an estimated 1.5 million USD annually from abandoned containers in multimodal transport.Conclusion: Based on the legislation and court of appeal precedents presented in this paper, multimodal transport operators’ uncollected charges should take priority over tax and duties for the proceeds of selling abandoned goods. As Ethiopia is a landlocked country, it needs to resolve this issue to ameliorate its multimodal transport system.Contribution: This paper suggests revising existing regulations and practices relating to unclaimed goods at inland terminals to recoup logistics costs ahead of tax. This will facilitate multimodal transport services’ use of inland terminals as extended destinations of seaports.

До питання розвитку транспортних перевезень у регіональному аспекті

Today, globalization trends are becoming evident both in Ukraine and in the world. This approach is aimed at increasing urbanization and the development of agglomerations. Therefore, the issues of development of the transport industry of Ukraine in the regional aspect remain relevant. At the same time, it should be noted that modern multimodal transport networks have their own specific structure. A typical multimodal transport network includes modern components of such elements of the network of such types of transport as road, rail, air, river, sea. The authors identified multimodal transport hubs in the structure of the transport system of Ukraine, analyzed their efficiency in terms of freight and passenger transport. It has been established that the existing distribution of cargo and passenger transportation by modes of transport indicates a certain priority of the use of road transport for all types of communication. At the same time, it should be noted that the automobile mode of transport today in Ukraine and the world is not an example of efficient and economical use of energy resources, has a significant share of the environmental load among other modes of transport, and is not always the objectively optimal option for transporting goods and passengers according to the criteria of reliability, economy and delivery terms. Thus, given that the transport industry of any region, country and at the global level is an important component of the economy, attracts a large number of specialists and affects the pace of development of other sectors of the economy, it is necessary to carefully study the development of this industry at all levels of operation and constantly to direct its development along vectors that constantly change over time. The transport industry at the regional level should also be noted as the basis for building a developed and efficient transport industry in the country. The modern development of the international transport system shows that the gateway or hub can perform the functions of modal and intermodal convergence. Especially if it is a combination of two or more operating modes of different systems. At the same time, the currently operating structures of regional multimodal networks unite the main gateways (hubs), which ensures connection to the international transport system through the sea-land-air interface.

Possibilities of Air Transport Cluster Formation in Georgia

Aerial transport is one of the fastest and dynamically developing sectors of the world economy and holds an increasingly extremely strong position in the global transport system every year. The international air transport system consists not only of international airlines and airports but also of the states that connect with each other on international airlines and ensure communication in the area of air transportation, as well as for efficient operation and safety. International transport network currently includes all geographic regions and more than 150 countries of the world. The geopolitical location and transit function of Georgia itself create the country’s natural competition preferred. By creating a competitive transport and logistic system, the country has the real opportunity to become part of the global transport system. The transport system is a collection of all kinds of vehicles (maritime, air, traffic, railroad, railroad, pipelines) requiring a complex approach and simultaneous management. This implies the coordinated development of vehicles, cooperation between the state and the private sectors, development of unified transport s policy and strategy that will promote complex development of transport infrastructure. This is best accomplished in an economic cluster that will certainly accelerate the efficient functioning of the sector. Keywords: air-transport cluster, transport infrastructure, transit function, transport logistics.

ՀՀ տրանսպորտային համակարգի վերլուծությունը և տարանցիկ տրանսպորտային ուղիների զարգացման հեռանկարները / The Analysis of the Transport System of RA and Prospects of the Development of Transit Transport Routes

Nowadays, advanced transport systems and logistics infrastructures have a significant role and importance in the prospective development of any country's economy, expansion of foreign economic relations. The aim of the scientific article is to analyze the international transport corridors of RA and present their development opportunities, along with possible ways of integration with the international transport system. To achieve this goal, the task was set to highlight the problems hindering the involvement of RA in international transport programs and the regional transport system.

Application of LEED green rating systems in infrastructure of airport complexes

The main trends in the development of airport complexes in the international transport system includegrowingeco-movement and measures to reduce harmful emissions and greening their infrastructure. There are modern green rating systems for certification of green buildings and constructive objects, which equally impose requirements on the transport system. Along with them, there is anAirport Carbon Accreditation Programfocused only on airport complexes. It contains 6 levels and aims to minimize the negative impact of airport complexes, reducing the carbon footprint. This factor, according to scientists, is the root cause of global climate change. In addition to reducing emissions, measures are being taken to switch to renewable energy sources. This is very important because the energy and water consumption of this infrastructure is high.

이산화탄소 수출입과 입법과제

On October 28, 2020, Korea announced a 2050 carbon neutral plan, and on December 7 and 15, the “2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy”, “2050 Long-Term Low Carbon Development Strategy (LEDS), and ”2030 National Greenhouse Gas Reduction Target (NDC)“ were finalized, and in May 2021, the ”2050 Carbon Neutrality Commission“ was established directly under the president. In the ”2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy,“ Korea noted that ”Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technology (hereinafter referred to as “CCUS technology”) can reduce large-scale carbon dioxide emitted from fossil fuels in developing technologies that can lay the foundation for a carbon-neutral society. At that time, on June 15, 2021, the government proposed a roadmap for technological innovation of carbon dioxide capture and utilization (CCU) as a cooperation between related ministries. As such, carbon dioxide is not just a substance subject to reduction, but the treatment of carbon dioxide, which is inevitable to be emitted, has resulted in creating economic value through CCUS technology. For example, it has secured commercial-scale coal power generation applicable technology due to long-term demonstration of coal power generation collection facilities. In terms of storage, it is the world's third successful injection of underground carbon dioxide. In March, the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy, the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, announced in a joint press release, “We accepted the revision of the London Protocol to export carbon dioxide streams through the improvement of the system using overseas marine storage.” In line with these changes, South Korea needs to prepare international transactions and transportation systems. Therefore, this study aims to examine what legislative challenges Korea faces in relation to carbon dioxide imports and exports and how to cope with relations with other countries.

이산화탄소 수출입과 입법과제

On October 28, 2020, Korea announced a 2050 carbon neutral plan, and on December 7 and 15, the “2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy”, “2050 Long-Term Low Carbon Development Strategy (LEDS), and ”2030 National Greenhouse Gas Reduction Target (NDC)“ were finalized, and in May 2021, the ”2050 Carbon Neutrality Commission“ was established directly under the president. In the ”2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy,“ Korea noted that ”Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technology (hereinafter referred to as “CCUS technology”) can reduce large-scale carbon dioxide emitted from fossil fuels in developing technologies that can lay the foundation for a carbon-neutral society. At that time, on June 15, 2021, the government proposed a roadmap for technological innovation of carbon dioxide capture and utilization (CCU) as a cooperation between related ministries. As such, carbon dioxide is not just a substance subject to reduction, but the treatment of carbon dioxide, which is inevitable to be emitted, has resulted in creating economic value through CCUS technology. For example, it has secured commercial-scale coal power generation applicable technology due to long-term demonstration of coal power generation collection facilities. In terms of storage, it is the world's third successful injection of underground carbon dioxide. In March, the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy, the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, announced in a joint press release, “We accepted the revision of the London Protocol to export carbon dioxide streams through the improvement of the system using overseas marine storage.” In line with these changes, South Korea needs to prepare international transactions and transportation systems. Therefore, this study aims to examine what legislative challenges Korea faces in relation to carbon dioxide imports and exports and how to cope with relations with other countries.

ÇEVRE DOSTU TEKNOLOJİLER, SİVİL HAVACILIK VE ÇEVRE KALİTESİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİSİ: PANEL EŞİK DEĞER REGRESYON ANALİZİ

The civil aviation sector is an important type of transportation that connects millions of people, stimulates tourism, and accelerates commercial change, stimulating the economy and bringing cultures together. Especially the speed and the economic power it provides carries the air transportation to the top ranks compared to other types. With the rapid growth of the airline service sector, the issue of climate change attracts more attention due to its increasing negative effects on humans and the earth. Making the national and international air transport system more efficient in order to meet the future demand, the solution is also complex, as the reduction of noise and emissions will affect many stakeholders. Achieving the stated environmental targets of air transport depends on key criteria-based success factors and global efforts. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of civil air transport on environmental quality. Whether the innovation activities aimed at reducing the climate change related to transportation change the relationship between civil air transportation and environmental quality was examined with the Panel Threshold Value Regression Model between 1979 and 2019 for selected developed European countries. The results show that when technologies that reduce climate change in transportation pass a certain threshold value, the negative impact on the environmental quality of civil air transport disappears.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ ВИДІВ ТРАНСПОРТУ В СИСТЕМІ МІЖНАРОДНИХ ВАНТАЖНИХ ПЕРЕВЕЗЕНЬ ТА ПРИ ПЕРЕТИНІ МИТНОГО КОРДОНУ УКРАЇНИ

The article considers the nature, specifics, forms and methods of interaction of transport modes in cargo transportation. The role of the main components of cargo transportation system in ensuring the process of interaction of transport modes in international traffic is determined. The main technological operations of multimodal transport terminals are clearly defined. They are grouped by the functions in ensuring the maximum efficiency of main transportation, provision of transportation services, provision of cargo handling services, cargo and transport flows management. A comprehensive analysis of the interaction of transport modes in the system of international transport corridors (ITC) passing through the territory of Ukraine, like: Trans-European Transport Corridor №5 (railway and road section), Trans-European Transport Corridor №9 (railway and road section), ITC Baltic Sea - Black Sea (railway and road section), TRACECA (railway, road, water section), Europe-Asia (railway and road section) was carried out. The priority directions of international transport corridors development are determined. The results of the study of the main technological operations of multimodal transport terminals as key objects of direct transfer of goods from one mode of transport to another are presented. The issues of harmonization of customs activities and common transit procedures with generally accepted norms and standards of European law are studied. The factors that determine the losses of Ukraine’s transit flows through international transport corridors are identified. The important tasks of the plan for the development of Ukraine’s international cargo transportation system are highlighted.

The Effectiveness of Research and Development in the Field of Transport and Space Systems in Russia: Analysis of Publication Activity

The aim of the study. Federal target program “Research and development in priority areas of development of the scientific and technological complex of Russia for 2014-2021” defines transport and space systems as a priority area of strategic importance for the country’s economy. The aim of the work is to study the state of research and development in the field of study and development of transport and space systems based on performance analysis, as well as to compare the effectiveness of scientific activities of educational organizations of higher education and scientific organizations in this area.Materials and methods. The information base of the study was statistical data and analytical information reflecting the state of research and development in the field of study and development of transport and space systems. The methodological base of the study is statistical methods of information analysis: analysis of variance, testing of statistical hypotheses, non-parametric criteria for comparing samples, analysis of time series, structural analysis.Results and discussion. The article reflects the results of the Institute for the Study of Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences monitoring the scientific potential of organizations conducting research and development in the priority area of scientific and technological development “Connectedness of the territory of the Russian Federation through the creation of intelligent transport and telecommunication systems, as well as the occupation and retention of leadership positions in the creation of international transport and logistics systems, the development and use of outer space and air space, the World Ocean, the Arctic and Antarctic”. This publication, in particular, analyzes the effectiveness of research and development in the priority area “Transport and space systems”.As a result of the analysis, conclusions were drawn about the main directions and trends of research and development in the field of studying and developing transport and space systems in Russia for the period 2015-2019. With the help of methods of dispersion analysis, nonparametric criteria, etc., a comparison was made of the effectiveness of scientific activity of educational organizations of higher education and scientific organizations.The analysis showed that international publishing analytical systems occupy a greater weight in the volume of publications compared to the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI).Researchers of educational organizations of higher education have 5 times more publications than employees of scientific organizations, which can be explained by overestimated requirements for positions of faculty and the formation of “garbage” articles. In terms of citation, 2017 was the most successful year for Russian researchers in the field of transport and space systems. At the same time, the citation of researchers from educational organizations was 3-3.5 times higher in international publications and twice as high in RSCI publications. Scientific organizations in the field of scientific, design, technological works show much greater effectiveness and efficiency compared to educational institutions of higher education. For the period 2015-2019 a trend towards a decrease in the results of intellectual activity was revealed for all organizations under consideration.The analysis also showed the low performance of small innovative enterprises in this priority area for the period 2015-2019. In Russia, they have not received proper development. Dispersion analysis, testing of statistical hypotheses using nonparametric methods made it possible to compare the results of the activities of scientific organizations and organizations of higher education.Conclusions. Thus, one of the ways to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of science in Russia can be attributed to the revival of the system of research institutes, the activities of which would be aimed at meeting the specific scientific needs of the state.

Assessment of Cybersecurity Risks: Maritime Automated Piloting Process

A modern society is a combination of several critical infrastructures, of which international and national maritime transportation systems are essential parts. Digitalization makes it possible to increase levels of autonomy in maritime systems. It also means fully existing cyberenvironments in maritime processes. In cyberenvironments, it is crucial there is trustable information communication between system elements of the process, alongside the usability, reliability, and integrity of systems data in the operating environment. In order to develop maritime autonomy in Finland the Sea4Value / Fairway (S4VF) research program has been developed. At the first stage of the program, the main goal is to create automated fairway piloting feature in the near future. An automated remote piloting process, “ePilotage,” will be a complex system of systems entity. This paper provides a research approach to investigating the cybersecurity risks at the system levels of process. It emphasizes the importation of comprehensive risk assessment to increase the cybersecurity of fairway operations. The findings of the study are located in cybersecurity risks in critical information flows between the main system blocks of the fairway process. The research question is “How can the cybersecurity risks of automated remote fairway operations be evaluated?” The main findings are related to the probabilities of the risks in all levels of process stakeholders’ responsibilities. Risk assessment methodology, that has been described, is based on attack probabilities against probabilities to defend actions of adversarial in use of communication technologies. Risks assessment factors have been identified and the risk assessment tool have been proposed.