International Transport Corridors Research Articles

Ensuring coherence between China’s “Belt and Road” initiative and Eurasian Economic Union Project

The article examines the transport development of the intracontinental spaces of Eurasia and their interrelations with the Belt and Road initiative and the activities of the EAEU in infrastructure construction. The emergence of the Initiative is due to several large-scale global economic processes, such as the shift of the center of world production to Asia, China’s leading role in the global economy, its desire to form a different, more equitable model of world economic relations, the growth of geopolitical, transport and economic dynamics of intra-continental events. The central element of the Initiative is China’s willingness to finance local infrastructure projects in which there is a common interest. The integration project is focused on the state sovereignty of the participating countries, the transformation of the EAEU into a dynamically developing region of Eurasia, and the economic attraction for third countries. The EAEU sees the creation of a modern communications infrastructure (the Eurasian transport framework) as the main prerequisite for achieving these objectives. One of the important results of the conjugation of the mega-project and the activities of the EAEU has been a multiple increase in trade and transport communications between China and the EAEU countries. The implemented, ongoing and recommended projects of international transport corridors ensure the permissive effect of intra-continentality and a wider use of the advantages of the Central Eurasia position for the development of the countries of Central Asia, Western China and the Siberian regions of Russia.

Russian diplomacy and the struggle around transportation corridors through the Middle East: plans and realities

The article is devoted to the issues of Russia's participation in the struggle for the passage of transport corridors from Europe to Asia through the Middle East. Recently, as part of the geopolitical struggle to move away from a unipolar to a multipolar world, we are increasingly talking about rapidly growing competition for access to goods, raw materials, energy resources and transport logistics, which affect the current global rivalry for the redistribution of the world. It is already becoming increasingly clear that whoever controls international routes controls international security in many ways. Corridors are not only world trade, but also the movement of fl eets, the transfer of troops and military equipment, and communication between different regions of the world. Passages through straits such as Bab el-Mandeb, Hormuz, and Malacca are a matter of international security. Blocking them can lead to armed conflicts on a global scale. For the Middle East, these are primarily confl icts over the routes of oil and gas delivery to Europe from the Persian Gulf and the Caucasus and around the creation of short transport corridors from Europe to Asia bypassing the Suez Canal and Africa. If the issue of laying a gas pipeline from Qatar to the EU through the Arabian Peninsula and the Middle East and from the Caucasus and Central Asia through Turkey to the EU was one of the reasons for the war in Syria, then the issue of creating a transport corridor from India to Europe through Arabia and Israel largely provoked the conflict in the Gaza Strip. And Russia is among the most active participants in this struggle for control of international transport corridors from Europe to Asia, trying to do so so as not to stay away from them.

International transport corridors of current times

International transport corridors of current times

РОЛЬ МІЖНАРОДНИХ ТРАНСПОРТНИХ КОРИДОРОВ У ПРОЦЕСІ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНУ У СВІТОВУ ЕКОНОМІКУ

The article discusses the concept, purposes of creation and general characteristics of international transport corridors. The authors provide a brief description of the prerequisites for the formation and development of international transport corridors, and also consider the contribution of international transport corridors to the development of the national economy of the state-participants of the transport system from the point of view of micro- and macroeconomic indicators. The purpose of the article is to analyze the role of international transport corridors in the process of integration of Azerbaijan into the world economy. The object of the research is logistic principles of international transport corridors in the process of integration of Azerbaijan into the world economy. The methods used in the research. Here are used methods of categorical analysis and synthesis to study theoretical approaches to determining the essence and features of omnichannel loyalty programs. In addition, the description of the transformation of loyalty programs required the use of the observation method to display market trends and vectors of their influence on the specified process, as well as specification - to highlight and characterize relevant digital tools. Research hypothesis. The construction of new international transport corridors in the process of integration of Azerbaijan into the world economy will be a guarantee of the development of this region and its economic opportunities. Presenting main material. The conclusions contained in this article on the importance of international transport corridors for the economy of the state can be used in the future to assess the need to develop transport and logistics infrastructure within the framework of already functioning international transport corridors, to determine new strategic directions for the formation of new international transport corridors in the context of changing macroeconomic prerequisites and redistribution of traffic flows, including due to the introduction of sanctions, as well as to assess the prospects for the formation of new transport corridors. The originality and practical significance of the research. International transport corridors (ITC) in the context of global integration processes and the global division of labor are one of the most important factors in the development of the world economy. International transport corridors ensure the creation and functioning of stable transport links between various foreign participants in international economic relations. Conclusions and perspectives of further research. Of course, it is difficult to deny the importance of international transport corridors for the development of the global economy. At the same time, scientific interest arises in relation to what prerequisites lie behind the formation of international transport corridors and what contribution they make to the development of national economies of states through whose territory the national part of international transport corridors passes.

Risks of Institutionalization of the Central Asia-China Format for Solidarity and Political Trust in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization

The article considers the risks of institutionalizing the format of the Central Asia-China dialogue («C+C5») for solidarity and mutual political trust within the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). According to the documents, institutionalization is aimed at transforming the «C+C5» format into a full-fledged international intergovernmental organization with functions that duplicate the existing ones within the SCO. In the current official documents, Russia declares the importance of SCO development and assigns it a special role in the implementation of the «Turn to the East» Policy, the development of the «Greater Eurasian Partnership », and the deployment of the project of «the North-South International Transport Corridor». In this regard, further institutionalization of the «C+C5» format may create restrictions for the realization of these Russian plans and even for the protection of interests in the Central Asian region (CAR). This circumstance, coupled with the active attempts of the West and the United States to force a number of CAR countries to refuse Russia’s assistance in circumventing the sanctions regime is unlikely to be understood in Moscow. This means that it is necessary to think about the ways to overcome the likely limitations by deepening the dialogue with China on the issues of further development of the SCO and increasing its effectiveness. The plans to institutionalize the «C+C5» format may also cause increased opposition from other major global «players» such as the United States, India, the EU and Japan, which have been actively involved in Central Asian Affairs in recent years, developing formats for dialogue between «1 + C5» (CAR countries).

TRANSPORT SYSTEMS AS ESSENTIAL PART OF GOVERNMENT POLICY

The paper discusses the significance of transport systems as a crucial compone nt of public policy in the majority of countries worldwide. Transport policy aims to achieve various objectives, including promoting economic growth, enhancing accessibility, improving safety, reducing environmental impacts, and promoting social equity. A significant aspect is the substantial funding required to construct and maintain transportation infrastructure, includin g roadways, railway tracks, airports, harbors, and publictransportation systems.Special emphasis is placed on international transport corridors such as the Trans-Caspia n International Transportation Route, which complements the Chinese Belt and Road initiative and presents new opportunities for trade between China and European nations. The paper emphasize s the importance of collaboration between different levels of government and internationa l stakeholders to address cross-border transportation challenges and harmonize regulations. The authors also discuss the role of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in the development of regional transportation infrastructure and logistics. They highlight key issues such as outdate d infrastructure, high transportation costs, low efficiency, and the need for increased transit capacity. Additionally, they discuss other international initiatives, such as the Eurasian Economic Union and Central Asian Regional Economic Cooperation that aim to improve regional connectivity and facilitate trade.In conclusion, they emphasize the importance of strategic planning and investment in transportation systems to promote sustainable economic growth and enhance transportation links between Central Asian countries and other regions of the world.

Оценка предложений по формированию сети альтернативных маршрутов следования коридора «Север — Юг»

Purpose: to develop proposals for the development of the expected growth in traffic volumes along the North–South transport corridor. To assess the capacity of the Upper Baskunchak — Astrakhan — Olya port section as the most heavily loaded, where cargo flows from several directions merge. To show the need to unload the main direction of the North-South corridor and form a network of alternative routes in the transport corridor to ensure transportation guarantees in case of force majeure. Consider the possibility of attracting parallel routes through the North Caucasus Railway (SKZHD). Methods: the calculation of throughput was carried out using the methodology used in JSC “Russian Railways” and the author’s proposals, taking into account additional reserves of throughput. General logical methods were used — quantitative and qualitative analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogies, classifications, a combination of historical and logical analyses. The proposed universal algorithm, which makes it possible to evaluate the possibility of choosing parallel moves, can be recommended for practical use. Results: the maximum number of trains that can be redirected to parallel routes has been established, taking into account the available capacity and their workload with export cargo traffic in the direction of the ports of the Azov-Black Sea basin. The relevance of the direction of development of heavy traffic aimed at reducing the required capacity and reducing inter-train intervals to increase the available capacity is shown. A universal algorithm has been formed that allows evaluating the possibility of choosing parallel moves. Practical significance: the necessity of mastering the expected cargo flow and preventing its departure to competing destinations, for example, through the Suez Canal, is shown. In the current political and economic conditions, the North — South International Transport Corridor (ITC) is changing its status: from an alternative to the Suez Canal, it is becoming one of the priority routes for Russian export cargo traffic.

Potential for the Development of International Transport Corridors in Current Market Conditions

This research is devoted to the prospects for the development of international transport corridors (ITC) through the prism of the dynamics of market forces in the transport industry and world trade. International logistics is currently undergoing a global transformation, and therefore the effective use by Russia of its transport potential is still the most urgent and practical task. In this regard, this research is focused on internal and external factors that influence the realization of this potential. The research presents the factors that contributed in retrospect for more than 10 years to the dynamic development of freight transportation through the ITC “East – West”. Additionally, the impact of exogenous factors such as epidemiological restrictions on a global scale and economic sanctions against Russia on the logistics of container transportation in recent years is considered in more detail. On the basis of a retrospective analysis of the development of cargo transportation through the ITC “East – West” generalized conditions are formulated that allow to assess the potential for the development of transport cargo fl ows on other key ITC. An analysis of the current dynamics and problems of the development of transportation along the corridors East – West, Northern Sea Route and North-South is carried out. Further prospects for their increase from the point of view of transport marketing is provided. Among the conclusions, the importance of developing and expanding the infrastructure of the ITC “East – West”, as well as proposals for the intensifi cation of cargo transportation through other ITC, is highlighted.

Analysis and directions of development of transport and logistics schemes for the delivery of grain cargoes with the participation of inland waterway transport in Russia

In this article, the authors analyzed the transport and logistics schemes for transporting grain cargoes with the possible participation of water transport in a new geopolitical situation. After the introduction of sanctions by Western countries against the Russian Federation, the existing grain delivery schemes lost their relevance, therefore, the authors proposed a scheme for transporting grain cargoes from grain-producing regions of central Russia to southern ports on the Caspian Sea. Based on the presented scheme, the authors proposed options for the delivery of grain cargoes from the subjects of the Russian Federation, tending to inland waterways to Iranian ports, within the framework of the developing international transport corridor (ITC) "North-South". The proposed delivery options necessarily imply the operation of a river fleet and river-sea vessels to deliver grain raw materials to the countries of the Middle East and Africa during navigation, as well as during the inter-navigation period.

Development of the logistics potential of railway transport

An analysis of freight transport statistics over the past 10 years shows sensitivity to political influences from almost all modes of transport to one degree or another, including rail. At the same time, the participation of rail transport in the total volume of freight traffic in recent years can be estimated at 17–18 %. In recent years, there has been a trend towards an increase in the railway transportation sector in the total volume of freight. In order to ensure the technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to take a number of technical, organizational and managerial decisions to offset the negative consequences. The development of domestic logistics potential involves the development of international transport corridors that will connect the macroeconomic regions of the north, south, east and west. This will certainly have an impact on the global economy as a whole. Therefore, the main task is to develop effective interaction between participants in transport processes both on related modes of transport, as well as the largest representatives of the operator and logistics business, cargo-forming enterprises. In this regard, the current situation has been analyzed using a tool to identify competitive advantages in the domestic market and in conditions of global competition.

Обеспечение энергетической безопасности Российской Федерации на основе развития Международного транспортного коридора «Север-Юг»

the article is devoted to the analysis of the role of the International Transport Corridor "North-South" in expanding energy cooperation in the Eurasian region and ensuring the energy security of the Russian Federation. The main directions of Russia's interaction with Iran and India are formulated with the aim of increasing the turnover of energy resources between countries and increasing the level of security of relevant foreign trade relations. The political and geographical aspects of the implementation of projects for creating networks of transport infrastructure facilities and their impact on the processes of ensuring energy security are considered in dynamics. The place of the International Transport Corridor “North-South” in strengthening the national security of the Russian Federation has been determined.

Some issues of Russia's transport policy in the context of Western sanctions

The aspects of Russia's transport policy at the present stage in the context of the tightening of Western sanctions pressure are considered. The project of the North-South international transport corridor is considered as a transport response to attempts to push Russia away from the global South. Particular attention is paid to the political and technological aspects of the formation of the international transport corridor of the North-South project, the negative consequences of the sanctions imposed by Western countries against the transport industry of Russia are shown. An assessment of the actions of the United States and partners to counteract the creation of the North-South international transport corridor through the formation of alternative transport projects of the Lapis Lazuli Corridor and the Zangezur land transport corridor is given. Showing actions of the Government of the Russian Federation to defend the North-South project. In order to counter the threats from Britain and Great Britain, Russia and its partners in the formation of the North-South International Transport Corridor need to preserve sovereignty in international relations, counteract the interference of third countries in their plans, and strengthen the collective military security of their countries. It is important not to succumb to provocations, to show flexibility and mutual willingness to cooperate. This will not only help to overcome obstacles to the implementation of the North-South ITC project, but will also help the participating countries to move forward on integration issues, strengthening their relations.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REGULATIONS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION INTO THE NATIONAL LEGISLATION OF UKRAINE IN THE FIELD OF INVESTMENT IN CERTAIN INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT CONNECTIONS

The article examines the problematic issues of the implementation of European Union regulations into the national legislation of Ukraine in the sphere of investment in certain international transport connections. The main regulations in this area have been analyzed, and individual normative legal acts of Ukraine have been identified, which reflect the consequences of the implementation of the European Union regulations in the process of investment implementation using the example of certain international transport connections. A detailed study was carried out in chronological order of the main Regulations of the Council (EEC) with an analysis of the key provisions of each of them. The peculiarities of the specific historical period of the formation and development of the new provisions of the mentioned Regulations have been identified, and their mutual influence has been established. The need to implement certain provisions of the Regulations into the national legislation of Ukraine in the sphere of using international transport corridors has been proven. The priority directions of the development of international transport links with the participation of Ukraine in the context of the assumed international obligations to the EU were noted and emphasized. The author’s proposals regarding the adoption of new bilateral treaties of Ukraine both with EU member states and with all other non-member states with which Ukraine cooperates in the investigated sphere of relations with an emphasis on all possible reservations about public order in Ukraine in the context of providing our territory for transit corridors as well as in the aspect of the development of new international connections, especially taking into account the current threats in the conditions of Russia's military aggression against our country.

OPPORTUNITIES AND RESULTS OF INTEGRATION OF KAZAKHSTAN'S TRANSPORT SYSTEM WITH INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT SYSTEMS

The article examines the transport and transit industry of Kazakhstan, strategic planning for improving the logistics infrastructure, creating a network of multimodal transport and logistics centers integrated into regional transport and logistics systems, ensuring close integration of the Kazakh transport system as an equal partner with international transport systems. The main components of the logistics infrastructure of multimodal transport and logistics centers, international transport corridors that ensure coordinated interaction of modes of transport and other participants in the transport and logistics process in Kazakhstan are considered as strategic points for the development of the economy of Kazakhstan. Modern international transport corridors are becoming the main core of the effective development of interstate economic relations in the era of globalization of the world economy. This industry is considered as an important factor of socio-economic prosperity and the Republic of Kazakhstan, which is heading towards an innovative path of development. Because international transport corridors are one of the most important industries that contributes to the prosperity of the global economy, facilitating trade and exchange of goods between countries of the world.

Влияние санкций на развитие транспортной логистики в современной России

The development of the infrastructure of the international transport corridor (ITC) “North – South” is considered, changes in the tonnage of the marine fleet due to an increase in the number of cargo shipments along the ITC “North – South” are analyzed. As a result of the beginning of EU sanctions against Russia, namely the ban on the import of many goods into Russia, as well as limits on the transportation of goods along European highways and the ban on Russian ships entering and parking at ports, measures are being taken at the level of the Government of the Russian Federation aimed at developing transport logistics focused on the south. These measures are aimed at expanding the volume of cargo transportation: both domestic and international. The “North – South” route starts from St. Petersburg and ends at the port of Mumbai (India). It is an alternative route passing through the Suez Canal. The problem of the functioning of railway communication between Iran and Azerbaijan within the framework of the “North – South” transport corridor is considered. The structure of trade turnover of the countries participating in this corridor is shown, it is noted that the corridor has a beneficial effect on the economy of the Astrakhan region. The bottlenecks of this corridor and ways to eliminate these barriers are outlined. The corridor is not only an economic prerogative of the state, but also a strategic direction. Prospects for increasing cargo traffic have been identified, cargo transportation along the “North – South” MTC in 2023 amounted to 17.6 million tons. The data of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation are presented, which assess the positive growth of cargo traffic along this corridor to 41 million tons by 2030. Conclusions are drawn about the prospects for Russia to further develop the transport corridor, which in the future will become one of the main trade routes in the country.

Development of Transport Logistics in Kyrgyzstan

The article explores the possibilities of the Kyrgyz Republic in solving logistics problems, primarily in the framework of the development of transnational projects, cooperation of modes of transport in mixed traffic and identifying their competitive advantages, as well as by developing modern multimodal transport hubs, using the economic and geographical features of the regions. An attempt is made to show how the development of international transport corridors affects the development of individual territories on the example of the continental and border regions.

Economic Growth and Spatial Analysis in Transport Corridors: A Preliminary Review

Abstract The construction and development of international transport corridors have become a means of cross-border space governance, promoting the flexibility of international industrial chains and supply chains. Due to the uncertainty of cooperation, the development of international transport corridors entails a long-term and complex system of engineering. Transport corridors can generate wider economic benefits and costs through their effects on a potentially diverse set of development outcomes, such as economic growth, poverty, jobs, equity, environmental quality, and economic resilience. The focus on roads, rails, and waterways is justified, as transport corridors based on these modes have clearer potential for economic spillovers than, for example, airline routes. The current paper describes a multi-method approach involving spatial and non-spatial analysis to investigate spatial disparity along a proposed corridor and examine its integration within the existing settlement structure. The conceptual structure for the review is guided by a simple canonical model describing the policy maker’s problem in maximizing the net wider economic benefits of corridors. The meta-analysis confirms that characteristics of individual studies, as well as the placement and design of transport infrastructures, systematically influence the findings of corridor studies. It also shows that, on average, estimated impacts of corridor interventions on economic welfare and equity tend to be beneficial, while they are often detrimental to environmental quality, and possibly also to social inclusion.

ECONOMIC AND FUNCTIONAL DIMENSIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT CORRIDORS IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION

Under current conditions of growing interdependence of national economies, global supply chains are being transformed and trade flows are being reoriented. The dynamics and scale of these processes are largely determined by the efficiency of international transport corridors. Investments in transport corridors have a significant multiplier effect on the entire economy by stimulating the development of transport and logistics and related sectors of the economy, creating a growing demand in labour markets, and developing global value chains, international production, trade and logistics networks. The purpose of the article is to study the impact of international transport corridors on the development of territories at the national and regional levels. The use of descriptive statistics allowed to assess the impact of international transport corridors on the level of economic development, trade openness and foreign trade volumes based on the analysis of data from 121 countries. The links between the zones of influence of international transport corridors and other functional types of territories in Ukraine were investigated. The territorial coefficient of environmental load in the context of Ukrainian regions was calculated. The results of the study will be useful for both researchers in the field of logistics and transport infrastructure development and policymakers in the field of transport and economic policy.

CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL BASIS FOR ENSURING THE TRANSPORT SOVEREIGNTY OF RUSSIA IN CONNECTION WITH THE NETWORK DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT CORRIDORS

Introduction. The article, in a constitutional and legal context, examines the concept of transport sovereignty of the state as an integral part of the territorial, economic, and technological sovereignty of the state. International transport corridors (ITC) are created with the participation of Russia, help strengthen the transport sovereignty of the Russian state, and act as new network transport infrastructure structures for international transport. It is noted that the security of the transport system is under federal jurisdiction and is ensured by constitutional measures of national, regional, international regulation and control in the field of federal transport, communications, information, information technology and communications. Materials and methods. Analytical materials were used on the Eurasian cooperation of the EAEU member states on the creation of the ITC, on the coordination functions and powers of the EAEU bodies, the State Council of the Russian Federation, the President of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Transport of Russia, the Ministry of Finance of Russia and others on the development of the ITC and the transport system as a whole. Methods of comparative analysis of legal acts on the topic of the article were used. Results. The importance of the ITC for the transport sovereignty of Russia and the Agreement on the ITC «North-South» of September 12, 2000 are analyzed. It is noted that in the world of innovation and digital economy, ITCs are included in transport systems. Discussion and conclusions. The constitutional and legal nature of strategic planning of the transport industry with the participation of the State Council of the Russian Federation is noted. In this regard, strengthening legal regulation measures to ensure the technological and transport sovereignty of the state at the international and national levels can be considered as ways of constitutional and legal protection of the foundations of the constitutional system, the interests of the state and society.

Basic principles of urban transformation of the suburban zone of a megapolis greater samara. Part 1

The contradictions that exist today between a reasonable balance of planning, communication, industrial, environmental processes and the organization of the urban planning structure of a megapolis are formed in the orbit of current challenges for Russia. The author examines new concepts aimed at creating international transport and logistics corridors and scientific and production clusters in accordance with the strategy of neo-industrialization and the draft Urban Planning Doctrine of Russia developed by the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences. Using the example of the Volga region megapolis Greater Samara, the following are considered: the basic urban planning principles for regulating the transformation of the suburbs of the megapolis; spatial structure of multihub systems. Promising models of the supporting framework of territories with scientific and practical organization of space are proposed, considered according to the spheres of their action: architectural, urban planning, management, environmental, economic. The author relies on the scientific works of architects, urban planners, economic geographers, urban ecologists and other specialists studying urban processes.