International Tourist Flows Research Articles

Measuring communities’ efficiencies within the global tourism network

Tourist flows between countries shape the global tourism network, with tightly interconnected nations forming distinct communities. These communities have significant implications for the global tourism patterns. However, existing research on tourism networks rarely provides an in-depth analysis of these communities, particularly lacking systematic and quantifiable methodologies. To address this gap, we apply complex network theory and analyze international tourist flow data from 1995 to 2021 to construct global tourism networks. Using community detection and similarity calculations, we categorize the global tourism network evolution into four distinct stages. Additionally, through theoretical deduction, we develop methods to assess the communities’ structural, performance, and functional efficiency, calculating their efficiencies to reveal evolutionary trends. Finally, utilizing a mixed-effects model, the impact of 11 indicators on community efficiencies has been examined. This study contributes to the theoretical foundation of tourism networks and offers valuable insights for global international tourism organizations.

THE STATE AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY IN UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBAL CHALLENGES

The article examines the state and prospects of international tourism development in Ukraine amid global crises, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian-Ukrainian war. A comprehensive analysis of key factors affecting the tourism industry is conducted, including international travel restrictions, geopolitical instability, economic difficulties, and changes in consumer behavior. It demonstrates how global crises, such as COVID-19 and the Russian-Ukrainian war, have led to a significant reduction in international tourist flows, decreased foreign exchange earnings from tourism activities, and created additional risks for tourism infrastructure. In such conditions, the recovery of the industry and its integration into the country's economic development require a comprehensive approach that includes not only investments but also the digitalization of tourism services. The research highlights key changes in tourist flows, the level of economic activity in the sector, and the impact of internal and external challenges on tourism infrastructure. It was found that after a significant decline in 2022 due to the war, a gradual recovery began in 2023 thanks to the development of domestic tourism and the opening of new safe routes. Digitalization has become a key factor in the development of the modern tourism industry, affecting all stages of the tourist experience. The implementation of digital technologies, such as online booking, mobile applications, virtual and augmented reality, allows companies to enhance their service and improve competitiveness. The article emphasizes the importance of strengthening tourism infrastructure and supporting entrepreneurship in times of instability. Directions for further research are proposed, including the development of domestic tourism, the assessment of the resilience of tourism entities to crises, and the analysis of the long-term effects of the war on international tourist flows. The study underscores the significance of the tourism industry for Ukraine's economic recovery and its potential for integration into the global tourism market.

Features of the Development of International Trade in Tourist Services

Introduction. The relevance of studying the peculiarities of the development of international trade in tourist services is determined by the significant role of world tourism in the structure of the global economy. In the conditions of a complex international political situation, which is dynamically changing, it is crucial to identify the vectors of the development of the tourism industry to determine the future structure of the macro-regional distribution of tourist flows. Aim and tasks. The purpose of this study is to identify the dominant factors and prospects for the development of international tourism business in the conditions of modern global economic and political instability to determine the most favourable marketing strategies for interaction in the international market of tourist services by extrapolating the results to the possibilities of post-war recovery of the tourism industry in Ukraine. Results. An analysis of international tourism arrivals showed that the average annual growth rate of the industry from 1995 to 2020 average annual growth of international tourist arrivals was more than 4 per cent. Over the estimated period from 1995 to 2023, the average arrival rate decreased to 2.46 per cent. Macro-regions are considered the most promising for the scaling of international tourism, as well as the factors that will contribute to this and can inhibit economic processes. Special attention is paid to the positioning of Ukraine during the post-war recovery of the tourism industry. Forecast indicators indicate that international tourist arrivals to Ukraine could reach 61 million people in the tenth year of the post-war period. An alternative strategy for promoting national tourist products and brands in the target markets of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, and the Middle East was proposed, and the feasibility of continuing the promotion of Ukraine as a tourist brand was substantiated. Conclusions. This study confirms the vector of the shift in global tourist flows under the influence of a number of factors that deepen the contradictions between the Global South and the North, revealing key trends in the growth and displacement of international tourist flows among countries belonging to two opposite camps. The directions of institutional and structural changes required to restore international tourism in Ukraine in the post-war period to strengthen Ukraine's position in the global tourism market are proposed.

Development and Promotion of Military-Sports Tourism in Uzbekistan: Challenand Prospects

Military-sports tourism in Uzbekistan has emerged as a growing sector, yet its development is still in its early stages, with many untapped opportunities. Despite the country's rich natural and cultural resources, the lack of structured programs and limited awareness hampers its potential. This study addresses the gap by analyzing the current state of military-sports tourism and identifying areas for improvement. Utilizing qualitative methods, including interviews and document analysis, the research uncovers key challenges, such as inadequate infrastructure and minimal promotion efforts. Findings reveal that, while the sector is supported by government initiatives, more focused strategies are needed to enhance international and domestic tourist flow. The results highlight the importance of a comprehensive regulatory framework and targeted investment to improve tourism outcomes. These implications suggest that with proper development, military-sports tourism could significantly contribute to Uzbekistan's tourism economy and cultural visibility.

Туристичний ринок України в часи війни: проблеми, загрози, можливості

The article examines the impact of war on Ukraine's tourism market due to globalization and integration processes. The article discusses in detail the problems and opportunities that arise in the context of modern challenges. In Ukraine, where hostilities continue, the tourism industry has faced unprecedented challenges, which have resulted in a significant drop in arrivals and a reduction in domestic tourist flows. The tourism industry has also a ban on air transportation, the closure of many tourist and hotel enterprises, the destruction or transformation of hotels into temporary shelters, personnel shortages, and a general decrease in income from tourism. Because of these aspects, investigating the challenges in Ukraine's tourism market is relevant and necessary to determine effective strategies for the industry's development. These strategies should further contribute to the economic growth and social welfare of the country. The article presents the results of surveys that demonstrate the accessibility of travel for domestic tourists and their motivation. The main reasons for refusing to travel are security and economic factors. Ukrainians prefer seasonal summer vacations in cities and hiking. Priority is given to event, gastronomic, active, and ecological tourism. The impact of hostilities has also resulted in some adaptation and search for new opportunities for the tourism industry. New tourist destinations, such as military tourism and "memory tourism," began to develop actively in Ukraine. Developing such tourism as agritourism and cultural and historical tourism in safe regions, can help to diversify the tourist offer and reduce the economic impact of a decrease in international tourist flow. It also contributes to the development of local economies and the creation of new jobs, which is critical in crisis. It is recommended to strengthen efforts in the field of international PR to improve Ukraine's image in the world. This includes participation in international tourism exhibitions, online marketing campaigns, and cooperation with international leaders of thoughts who can change the perception of Ukraine as a tourist destination. Tourism operators and local authorities should work together to develop and implement emergency response plans that will help them quickly adapt to changes in the security situation. Implementing these strategies will require strong coordination among all stakeholders, including government, the private sector, and international partners.

Геополитика и туризм (на примере России)

In recent years, geopolitics has had a significant impact on absolutely all countries of the world and spheres of activity. The article indicates that emerging geopolitical conflicts both near borders and within states have an impact not only on politics and economics, but also on tourism (international tourist flows, hospitality). In Russia, these processes are most acute in connection with the conduct of a Special Military Operation. Within the framework of this study, the authors examined the interaction and mutual influence of geopolitics and tourism as a manifestation of “soft” and “hard” forces. The article focuses on the need for research in the field of tourism and geopolitics related to instability in the world, uncertainty of future world processes and increasing competition for world domination. The authors of the article note that many destabilizing factors simultaneously demonstrate the positive influence of geopolitics on the ongoing tourism processes, are an impulse to solve urgent problems, new challenges and positive changes.

Global trends in tourism development in the era of globalization

Globalization, characterized by the growing mobility of capital, people, ideas and information on a global scale, has become an urgent topic in the modern world. It is obvious that tourism and related economic activities are not protected from such a broad context of the global economy. Over the past decade or two, there has been a steady increase in international tourist flows, interregional and inter-organizational alliances, as well as foreign direct investment. These trends are especially prevalent in developing countries, mainly due to their pristine nature, diverse culture, inexpensive goods and services, cheap labor and other resources. However, some scientists warn that tourism is an industry run by richer, more powerful countries and their respective multinational corporations. The article presents a detailed study of the essential nature of the category "tourism" from the point of view of economic and social activities. It is proved that the basis of tourism as a multidimensional economic and social category is determined by two groups of principles: fundamental and desirable. It is concluded that tourism, as an important component of the modern world economy, inevitably becomes involved in the process of globalization. New opportunities for exotic travel are opening up for tourists, offering authenticity and uniqueness, and this in turn forces the tourism industry to look for new alternatives to classic tourism.

Paris 2024 Olympic Games: A risk enhancer for autochthonous arboviral diseases epidemics?

ObjectivesThe anticipated increase in international tourist flows and the first locally acquired dengue cases in the Paris region in October 2023 have raised concerns about potential arbovirus outbreaks during the 2024 Olympics. Unlike previous mass sporting events at risk of arbovirus outbreaks, Paris is a nonendemic arbovirus area, requiring a unique investigation. MethodsTherefore, we analyzed factors conducive to possible arbovirus epidemics in temperate regions: vector distribution in the Paris area, seasonal global arboviral disease patterns, projected visitor demographics, and international flight bookings. Results and conclusionOur results suggest that the expected visitors’ profile for the summer of 2024 should not increase the risk of arbovirus importation into the Paris region compared to a typical year. Conversely, the primary risk of arbovirus outbreaks is likely to come from within France, particularly from the French West Indies, where a notable, albeit declining, dengue outbreak is underway. Vigilant surveillance by French health authorities will ensure that this trend continues.

Methodological Approach to Assessing International Logistics Management in Commercial Activities in The Recreational Field: Innovations in Modeling

The main purpose of the study is to optimize the logistics systems of our chosen recreational area in the context of attracting new international tourist flows in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. The object of the study is the logistics system of our chosen recreational area - the Prague Zoo. The scientific task of the study is to determine the logical potential of the recreational zone, including indicators that influence the sustainable development of the recreational zone. The research methodology includes the use of a multivariate mathematical and statistical method. As a result of the study, a strategy for optimizing logistics systems to attract international tourists was proposed, while adhering to the principles of sustainable development. Despite this, the work has its limitations. Most of them are due to the fact that the Prague Zoo was chosen as the object of study, its commerce, logistics system and the impact of the latter on sustainable development. All these characteristics may be good for other recreational areas. The prospect of further research will be to expand the analysis of other recreational areas, and their commercial and logistics systems. In addition, further research will be aimed at more detailed development of measures to attract international tourists to recreational areas, while maintaining the implementation of the principles of sustainable development.

Spatial model of international tourism and tourists' original motives

Properties of geographical space essentially important for international tourism, such as length and discreteness, are analyzed. Apperception of geographical space in usual environment and its effect on tourist’s original motives are described. Original motives for tourism, in particular, those of escaping, comfort, contrast and aesthetics are substantiated. Finally, upon consideration of spatial specificities of land surface and tourist-driving original motives, a conceptual model of formation and distribution of international tourism flows in geographical space is developed. The ontological-anthropologic substantiation of tarrying in usual environment and original motives for tourism has also been presented. The latter grounded on M. Heidegger’s philosophy and was an attempt to understand how Human Being exists as tourist.

The effect of visa types on international tourism

Visa policies are among the most important administrative formalities influencing international tourism flows. This study estimates a structural gravity model for tourism demand to quantify the effect of different types of visas. Furthermore, the effect of the monetary cost of the visa and changes in visa policies are evaluated. Thus, two novel databases on visa requirements are used. Our empirical analysis considers worldwide tourism movements, including domestic flows, from 194 origin countries to 163 destinations from 2016 to 2021. The results indicate that imposing visa requirements decreases international tourism movements, especially in developed countries, although the effect depends on the type of visa. Moreover, we find a low elasticity for the monetary cost of the visa.

Impact of psychic distance stimuli on international tourist flows: A cross-country analysis

Research on psychic distance in tourism studies has mainly focused on perceived psychic distance, while little attention has been paid to psychic distance stimuli. Applying the Cultural-Administrative-Geographic-Economic (CAGE) distance framework, this study employs a gravity model framework to investigate the relationship between psychic distance stimuli and international tourist flows and the moderating role of Internet popularity in such a relationship based on information asymmetry theory. Further, this study investigates the effects of psychic distance stimuli along the cultural, administrative, geographic, and economic dimensions. The empirical analysis is based on a panel dataset of bilateral tourist flows between 56 countries from 2006 to 2019. The results indicate that psychic distance stimuli negatively impact international tourist flows, but the negative effect decreases with increasing Internet penetration rate in countries of origin. The four distance dimensions exert negative effects on bilateral tourist flows. This study also provides implications for alleviating the impact of psychic distance stimuli between countries derived by COVID-19 on international tourism in the post-pandemic era.

Peering Through the Fog of Uncertainty: Out-of-Sample Forecasts of Post-Pandemic Tourism

Abstract This paper uses an augmented gravity model framework to investigate the historical impact of infectious diseases on international tourism and develops an out-of-sample prediction model. Using bilateral tourism flows among 38,184 pairs of countries during the period 1995–2017, I compare the forecasting performance of alternative specifications and estimation methods. These computations confirm the statistical and economic significance of infectious-disease episodes in forecasting international tourism flows. Including infectious diseases in the model brings a significant improvement in forecast accuracy relative to the standard gravity model. The magnitude of these effects, however, is likely to be much greater in the case of COVID-19, which is a highly contagious virus that has spread fast throughout populations across the world.

Homestay drives community's socio-economic development and sustainability; a case study of Skardu, Gilgit-Baltistan

Northern Pakistan is one of the most visiting places by both domestic and foreign visitors. This visitation phenomenon encourages residents to commercialize their residences portion a partial sharing into homestays. The northern area tourists have the privilege to experience homestay operations due to a shortage of lodging demand-supply gaps. A homestay is an idea of accommodation operation in which a visitor pays a charge to stay with a host family and engage with the native population. GB in general and Skardu in particular, benefited from the homestay due to national and international tourist flow. Homestay in Pakistan is not standardized or even not regularized. However, there are still many newcomers in the homestay business while owners do not understand business requirements, and the majority of them are not get training. Social media and online booking is popular channels for selling products. This study includes an assessment of community perceptions of how much the Homestay program influences the community in Skardu city, and even a discussion about the issues that Homestay operators and the community face. A cross-sectional research design with both quantitative and qualitative statistics (QUAN-QUAL Techniques) was used to examine the data. The data on a semi-structured questionnaire was collected from 30 homestay operators in the city. This research highlighted numerous characteristics of homestay growth, issues, and prospects.

Современные тенденции и пути развития внутреннего туризма России в условиях санкций

The article presents an in-depth analysis of current trends in the sphere of domestic tourism in Russia, empha-sizing the consequences of international sanctions and the COVID-19 pandemic. The research aims to identify and assess the impact of these factors on the dynamics of the tourism industry, as well as to develop and test new strategies for its support and development. Utilizing a combination of methods, including statistical data analysis, surveys of tourism operators, and expert interviews, the author thoroughly examines the reduction of international tourist flows and revenues, changes in the travel patterns of Russian citizens and foreign touris ts. The main findings highlight a significant rise in interest in domestic tourism as an adaptive response to the current challenges, strengthening of the tourism infrastructure, and development of key regions in ac-cordance with the tourism development strategy until 2035. The presented analysis emphasizes the need for targeted strategies to stimulate domestic tourism and ensure the sustainable development of the industry in the face of new economic and social realities.

Recent Diversification of International Tourist Flows To Spain

Recent Diversification of International Tourist Flows To Spain

Tourism as a driver of economic and social development in underdeveloped regions

Cross‐border cooperations have been usually approached by developing trade agreements between international regions to upgrade their socioeconomic conditions and promote international tourism flows in territories. However, little attention has been paid to the role that tourist companies play in underprivileged territories highly dependent on tourism. Through the theory of social exchange, theoretical implications can be drawn from those territories and compared with developed regions to understand what role tourism flow plays in the reciprocal attitude between tourist companies and visitors. Political implications force tourist authorities to involve companies in promoting their regional tourism resources through participatory tourism programmes. For this, the opinion of companies is strongly related to the tourism generated by the Parque Natural Tajo Internacional on both sides of the border between Spain and Portugal, who have participated in the research to develop tourism on both sides of the border. To collect the data, 126 interviews were carried out with companies among the 53 Spanish and Portuguese companies that participated in the research between January and June 2022. For data tabulation, version 3.26 of SmartPLS was used. The study concludes that social exchange policies that bring companies and residents closer together favour socioeconomic development in territories that have natural resources and are economically disadvantaged.

Has the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) negotiations impacted on tourism flows of member countries?

PurposeUsing panel data for the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) member states, the present study explored the role of RCEP negotiations on tourism development.Design/methodology/approachA dynamic econometric model, namely the panel autoregressive dynamic lag model (PARDL) has been used. To test for panel causality, Dumitrescu–Hurlin panel causality tests were used.FindingsThrough the use of a dynamic econometric model, namely the PARDL, the results show that the RCEP negotiations, growth rates, as well as international trade contribute towards tourism development. Furthermore, the Dumitrescu–Hurlin panel causality tests confirm the existence of a bidirectional causal link between tourism development and RCEP negotiations. Finally, a unidirectional causal link is observed between tourism development and international trade.Originality/valueThis existing evidence on the topic seems to be very scant and limited to specific regions and particular regional trade agreements. This paper thus fills an important gap in the literature by advancing evidence about the effects of the RCEP on international tourism flows across member countries.

Directions of updating the cultural heritage of Roztochchia in the conditions of war

The relevance of cultural and educational activities to ensure the promotion of the Ukrainian Roztochchia region has been analyzed. In connection with the processes of decentralization, a number of problems arise with the passporting of objects of cultural heritage, innovations in document circulation, etc. Active military actions on the part of Russia lead to large‒scale destruction or complete destruction of the artistic heritage of certain regions of Ukraine. In the current conditions, measures for security, fixation, preservation and promotion will be of great importance in the cultural and artistic space both for a separate region and for the state as a whole. The need to capitalize the resources of cultural strategies has become especially acute during the 2022-2023 war, a time when the issue of heritage preservation is a priority at all levels of state formation. The opening of cross‒border road connections between Ukraine and Poland created favorable conditions for the development of tourism. This allows increasing tourist flows, especially from European countries to Lviv, and also requires the development of tourist infrastructure on both sides of the border: hotels, cafes, eco-stops, agro‒villages, etc. Cross‒border tourism has covered only the roadside (along the main transport arteries) part of the Roztochchia region, but the majority of artistic attractions, namely the heights of Roztochchia, remain outside the international tourist flows. The lack of land border crossings, information sources about tourist routes, insufficient provision and low standard of logistics services, especially from the Ukrainian side, lead to the leveling of cultural heritage and its promotion. International projects, competitions and grants will be important factors supporting the development of artistic processes in the region. High civic consciousness and the activity of cultural institutions will lead to significant positive changes in the issues of preservation and promotion of regional features, their identity and uniqueness.

Peculiarities of legal regulation of tourism activities under martial law in Ukraine

The article analyzes the current state of legal regulation of tourism activities under martial law in Ukraine. The author identifies the peculiarities of legal regulation of tourism activities during martial law and outlines the powers of state authorities in this area. The author analyzes the regulatory and legal support of the tourism sector.The Russian-Ukrainian war has led to a noticeable decrease in international tourist flows, which was caused by a number of war-related factors, with the first place being occupied by the safety of tourists, which Ukraine cannot guarantee for objective reasons. Despite the difficult situation in the country, tourism continues to operate. The issue of regulating tourism activities in Ukraine through the regulatory framework is becoming increasingly relevant, since the tourism industry of our country has been affected by many negative factors over the past few years: the coronavirus pandemic, the Russian invasion and the associated outflow of several million people, the actual zeroing of tourist flows from abroad, etc.At present time, there are no specifics at the legislative level regarding the regulation of the procedure for licensing and issuance of permits for tourism activities during martial law. At the same time, the terms for the provision of administrative services by the entities that provide them and the terms for the issuance of permits by the licensing authorities have been suspended for the period of martial law in Ukraine. The suspended periods will be renewed within one month after the termination or lifting of martial law in the relevant territory of Ukraine.The author substantiates that exemption from liability for breach of contract during martial law can be equated with the circumstances of essential importance provided for in Article 617(1) of the Civil Code. Pursuant to the provisions of this Article, a person who has breached an obligation shall be released from liability for breach of duty if he/she proves that the breach occurred as a result of an accident or force majeure.