International Tourism Market Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION DEMAND FOR MEDICAL SERVICES ABROAD IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (2018-2023)

The authors analyzed information of the demand for treatment abroad in search engines Yandex and Google the Russian audience of Internet users over the period from 2018 to 2023, covering the 3 stages of the development of international medical tourism market: before pandemia (2018-2019), pandemia (2020-2021) and sanctions (2022-2023). Based on dynamic indicators, a forecast is given for strengthening the positions of individual countries in the information Internet space of the Russian medical tourism market, and the main directions of integration processes in the medical tourism market in the space of the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States are outlined.

Combining Foodscape and Touristscape: International Tourism Marketing for Singapore and Batam

The cities of Batam and Singapore are centers for tourist lovers, but official government authorities and destination marketing organizations tend to underestimate the potential of these destinations to be revisited by international tourists. In particular, there is little empirical research on international tourism, culinary tourism, and international marketing. This article aims to explore the scope of promotion of Batam and Singapore as culinary destinations. For the purpose of this research, A descriptive qualitative methodology using content analysis was developed to ascertain the relationship between food and tourism in the two places observed. using content analysis was developed to ascertain the relationship between food and tourism in the two observed places. The research method was carried out by conducting interviews and field observations. Data sources were obtained from interviews with Pokdarwis in Batam and tourists in Singapore. The research results stated the integration of Foodscape and Touristscape presents a promising avenue for international tourism marketing in both Singapore and Batam. These destinations possess rich culinary landscapes and diverse attractions that appeal to a wide range of travelers. By leveraging the synergy between Foodscape, which encompasses the culinary offerings reflective of their multicultural societies, and Touristscape, which includes the physical environment and attractions, Singapore and Batam can create compelling marketing strategies to attract international tourists. The combination of authentic culinary experiences, vibrant cultural attractions, and modern amenities positions both destinations as premier tourist destinations in the region.

The international educational tourism market in the estimates of the OECD and the EU

The international educational tourism market in the estimates of the OECD and the EU

The potential and development opportunities of ecotourism in Georgia

The development of sustainable tourism in Georgia, its economic, political and social importance in the international tourism market depends to a significant extent on the development of such a type of tourism, which is in high demand today, is in the interest of the population of almost all countries and provides the opportunity to receive environmentally friendly tourist services, as well as the protection of the environment, the country's ecological safety and the preservation of biodiversity as much as possible. The main goal of the work is to study and investigate the potential of ecotourism in Georgia and the challenges in this field and the opportunities for its development. However, it is worth noting how deliberately and systematically the potential of ecotourism will be utilized and the existing opportunities will be used, which can almost completely change the current reality in terms of traditional tourism. Based on the fact that, according to various estimates, ecotourism accounts for approximately 10% of capital turnover in the international tourism business. The paper analyzes the prospects for the growth of ecotourism potential in Georgia and the positive economic and financial effects derived from it. However, ecotourism can become such a priority area of tourism that can be more beneficial than the economic and financial effects obtained from it, which is manifested in the preservation of the country's environment, natural and cultural heritage and biodiversity.

Analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of the international tourism market

The COVID-19 pandemic has dealt a significant blow to the international tourism market, resulting in job losses, reduced incomes, and rising unemployment. Therefore, studying the impact of the pandemic on the development of the international tourism market is relevant and important. This article focuses on analyzing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the international tourism industry in the context of globalization. It highlights key aspects and trends that emerged during the crisis period and influenced the development of the tourism market. The authors specifically concentrate on the pandemic's effects on the global travel network, encompassing changes in demand, restrictions on international travel, and the industry's adaptation to new global challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic has been identified as the cause of the most significant drop in international tourism in human history. It led to a sharp decline in the number of international tourist arrivals, export earnings from tourism, and the economic contribution of tourism to the world economy. The impact of the pandemic on international tourism varied across regions, with the Asia-Pacific region being the most affected, experiencing an 84% decrease in international tourist arrivals. The authors pinpoint the main challenges facing the industry after the pandemic, such as changes in demand, restrictions on international travel, and the reorganization of tourism services and infrastructure. The study also explores possibilities for recovery and adaptation of the tourism industry to new realities post-pandemic, with particular attention given to strategies and innovations that can restore interest in international travel and enhance the competitiveness of countries in the global tourism market. It was found that the recovery of international tourism is progressing slowly. In 2022, international tourist arrivals were still 34% lower than in 2019. The study determined that the development of tourism in the post-pandemic period will be influenced by trend changes such as the prioritization of health and safety, shifts in consumer behavior, a desire for unique emotional experiences, new forms of employment, digital transformation, and the emphasis on ecotourism. Taking these trends into account will contribute to the recovery of the tourism industry and ensure its sustainable development in the future.

CONTENTS OF THE EDUCATIONAL TOUR AND FEATURES OF ITS DEVELOPMENT

This article examines the content of the educational tour and the features of its development. The relevance of solving the problems of formation and strategic development of the international educational tourism industry as a structural component of the service sector, the formation of economic market actors as active participants in the socio-economic processes of the national economy is increasing in the context of globalization of international relations, internationalization of education at the national, sectoral and institutional levels in conditions of increasing complexity of the content of the component of competition in the international market educational tourism. Educational tourism is a fast–growing branch of the tourism economy, which is gaining recognition all over the world. Many researchers consider it one of the leading and most promising sub-sectors of tourism. The specificity of educational tourism, manifested in the special nature of demand, pronounced seasonal fluctuations, diversification of tourist products and hospitality services, low susceptibility to crises and socio-political upheavals, dynamically developing customer requests, requires detailed study and development of theoretical approaches, methodological and systematic approaches to improving the interaction of all its participants. Various approaches to segmentation of the international educational tourism market and the development of segment profiles, the creation and application of strategies for effective partnership of market entities based on the concept of customer-oriented business, expressed in increasing customer satisfaction, forming consumer loyalty in the international educational market. the tourist market requires systematization and optimization. In this regard, research aimed at improving these important parameters is certainly relevant.

Quantitative Research of Medical Tourism Market in Thailand

Introduction. Recently, the medical tourism industry in Thailand has undergone significant qualitative transformations, with the healthcare sector as the main driver of the development and growth of the country's economy. On a global scale, medical tourism in Thailand demonstrates a significant increase in market value that exceeds the global average, ranking in the top five of the most attractive medical tourism destinations.
 A combination of medical services provided by highly qualified specialists, low-cost treatment, as well as ambitious government initiatives allowed Thailand to become one of the industry leaders and a significant hub for healthcare and tourism development. In general, there is a significant potential for market expansion. In particular, Russian tourists are largely represented in Thailand’s tourism market.
 Purpose. The purpose of the study was to identify the key drivers of medical tourism in Thailand that may help to adjust Russian national strategy to the development of medical tourism and the export of medical services within the framework of the Federal Project ”Export of Medical Services” as part of the National Project “Healthcare” upon the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 204 dated May 7th, 2018.
 Results and conclusion. Despite the fact that modern international medical tourism is relatively new, the entry into the market of both a separate medical organization and a governmental one is associated with a high threshold of entry requiring significant legal, infrastructural, scientific, and educational transformations, as well as ensuring the safety of medical tourism services at different levels, from national to municipal and hospital. Thus, the global scientific society is interested in the experiences of the countries that have achieved significant results in the international medical tourism market. Thailand is a striking example of a leading destination for medical tourists from Southeast Asia. The ecosystem of medical and wellness tourism created and supported by the government includes doctors, patients, medical organizations, international certification companies, assistance agencies, and medical tourism agencies. The creation of appropriate conditions for the essential development of all market participants allowed Thailand to begin its journey as a global medical destination in the Eastern Hemisphere.

Examining the business cycle of the tourism industry in Mexico at the state level using the Markov Switching Model (1992 to 2017)

Despite being a popular tourist destination, state-level research on the business cycle in Mexico's tourism industry is lacking. This study aims to answer three research questions: Are the growth stages of the international tourism market similar across states? Are the growth stages of the domestic tourism market similar among entities? Is there a relation between the economic cycle of the international tourism market and the domestic market? We use the Markov Switching Model to estimate the business cycle of the tourism industry in each Mexican state from 1992 to 2017. We identify the most attractive states for international and domestic tourists. Notably, eleven of the coefficients belong to the economic cycle of the foreign tourist market, indicating a greater economic impact compared to the domestic market. The results show that each state has its own business cycle, requiring individual projections for each market. This information is relevant for tourism planners and policymakers to address the challenges posed by the SDGs.

ІМПЕРАТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ ТОРГІВЛІ ТУРИСТИЧНИМИ ПОСЛУГАМИ В УМОВАХ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ЦИФРОВОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА

In the era of digital transformation, international trade in tourism services faces numerous challenges and opportunities. As societies increasingly embrace digital technologies, the dynamics of tourism supply and demand have changed significantly. This article explores the imperatives for the development of international trade in tourism services in the context of an evolving digital society. The key factors shaping this transformation, including technological innovations, changing consumer behavior, regulatory frameworks and current trends, are considered. In today’s digital society, customer experience is important for the tourism industry. The ability to personalize services based on individual preferences is a significant factor in gaining a competitive advantage in the international tourism market. The study highlights the need to implement digital solutions to increase competitiveness, optimize operations and contribute to the sustainable growth of the global tourism industry. As the digital society continues to evolve, international trade in travel services must adapt to new technologies and changes in consumer behaviour. The travel industry is becoming increasingly globalised, with digital platforms enabling companies to reach consumers across borders. To thrive in this environment, travel companies must prioritise digital innovation, adopt marketing strategies and provide seamless and personalised customer experiences. In addition to these strategic imperatives, stakeholders in the tourism industry must work together to overcome challenges associated with digitalisation, such as data security, the digital divide and regulatory inconsistencies. Governments, private enterprises and international organisations should work together to create a framework that supports the sustainable development of international tourism trade. The future of international trade in tourism services is bright, but only for those who navigate the complexities of the digital economy and can take full advantage of the opportunities it presents. By adopting a forward-looking approach and embracing the imperatives of the digital era, tourism businesses can contribute to the growth of a more efficient and inclusive global tourism industry.

Маркетинговая политика в поддержке развития международного медицинского туризма: кейс многопрофильного стационара

The article reveals an approach to the selection and design of marketing policies to support the development of international medical tourism services as a new autonomously managed product in the structure of medical care of a general hospital. The study of scientific discussion shows the key problems and challenges for the development of medical tourism today. Marketing policy is con-sidered as a way to differentiate from competitors and create a value proposition for the target au-dience success-fully. The article demonstrates that a specific functional policy with a focus on se-lected tools can be applied to implement a growth strategy. In the study suggested about the leading role of promotion tools and customer support in the content of marketing policy. Certain healthcare institution has been studied as a participant in the international tourism market. The study reflexes the relationship between functional policies and the framework of the strategic development pro-gram, results of situation analysis and provides arguments for the necessary guidelines for strategic development, first of all, the launch of an updated program for the development of international medical tourism. Despite the in-tense competition in the market, the general hospital has advantages in certain areas of treatment (cardiac surgery and neurosurgery), which are identified as a window of opportunity. The path of the marketing policy is to update maintenance tools for new treatment programs and to launch a campaign to promote international medical tourism services. The segmen-tation of the market of foreign medical tourists has been implemented, and target segments have been identified. Goals and programs for the implementation of the marketing strategy have been defined. The example of promotion tools shows how part of the marketing mix can be built. Indica-tors to monitor the achievement of marketing goals have been identified. The different arguments provide a key to understanding the important role of marketing policy in the successful implementation of the strategy and achievement of goals for sales, markets and consumers.

МІЖНАРОДНИЙ ТУРИЗМ ЯПОНІЇ ПОЧАТКУ ХХI СТОЛІТТЯ

Object. Investigation of the main factors of Japans success on the international tourism market on the XXI century. Methodic. Analysis of: tourism enterprise private corporate groups activity on the international tourism business and functioning of hotels chains; illustrating the harmonious influence of national culture and mentality on the international tourism and importance of use of Economic Power and Soft Power on the international traveling making. Results. Comprehend that: "break through" of Japan on the world international tourism market are providing a) by action of strong private corporate groups (KEIRETSU – tipe), b) and accomodation - by the hotels chains based mainly on the national capital. At that, main attractivity factors for the foreign visitors - is an culture and mentality of Japanese nation and the image of harmoniously formed regional tourism destinations of the Japanese country. Novelties. First time. Investigated specific action of "East-Asian model of economy" on the case of international tourism. Significance. Experience of Japan on international tourism business organization must take into consideration on the making international tourism business in Ukraine .

Značaj menadžmenta u razvoju gradskog turizma u Srbiji

Tourism today plays an increasingly important role in the economy, and its further growth depends on the coordinated development and adaptation of the tourist product to modern market trends, where different forms of tourism of special interest are gaining more and more importance. City tourism is one of the special forms of tourism that offers this branch of the Serbian economy a long-term competitive advantage. The main strength of the city's tourist destination is the attraction complexes, which have two functions - to attract the guest and fulfill his expectations. The potential of this demand can be fully utilized by a planned and coordinated approach to the development of this tourist product. The development of urban tourism will also mean a better place for residents to live, and economic benefits for the entire community will be brought not only by higher tourist demand, but also by increased consumption of the local population stimulated by a more attractive place to live created by the development of tourist facilities. Despite numerous attractions and values, Serbian tourist products have not been properly marketed, adequately developed, nor presented and commercialized on the international tourist market. Serbia must significantly raise the competitiveness and attractiveness of tourist products through respectable world experiences and its own innovations, relying on those products and business sectors in tourism that have a global perspective and where Serbia can build global competitiveness.

Historical conditions of Ukraine’s tourism and recreation sector formation and its development in the era of sustainable multimodal mobility

The purpose of the proposed article is a show the history of the formation of the sphere of tourism and recreation of Ukraine in the context of world trends. Methodology is base on application of such scientific methods, as literary, historical, chronologic, dichronic (method of division into periods), approach of the systems, івент- and content-analysis, that did possible complex study and selection of the basic historical stages of development of tourism and recreation. Scientific novely. The authors considered the main approaches to the periodization of the formation of tourism and the tourism industry in Ukraine and the main stages of the development of the field of tourism and recreation from the earliest times. It is emphasized that the formation of tourism and recreation in different geographical regions of Ukraine had certain features, and this industry can take place according to the following main models. Conclusions. The processes of the origin and development of tourism and recreation in Ukraine and the world, the emergence of tourist enterprises, the creation of international tourist organizations, and the globalization of tourism are highlighted. The analysis of the points of view of foreign and domestic authors on international tourism market research made it possible to substantiate the historical aspects of the development of the field of tourism and recreation as a factor in the European integration of Ukraine, as well as to determine the current directions of development of the field of tourism and recreation in the context of European integration processes in Ukraine.

When a revenger evolves into a loyal follower: the causes and consequences of revenge travel

ABSTRACT Revenge travel is a term that emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic describing people’s strong desire to travel, almost as if making up for lost time and missed opportunities. This widely-observed phenomenon is worldwide in the post-COVID-19 era, yet its drivers and outcomes remain unclear. This research primarily examines the underlying framework of destination loyalty among retaliatory outbound tourists in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study drew on the tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty model to develop and test a theoretical framework with two-wave time-lagged data collected from 468 tourists on a target tourism route (China – Thailand). The results of the covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) analysis suggest that 1) revenge travel motivations positively impact tourist satisfaction, and improved satisfaction leads to destination loyalty, 2) social media usage, nostalgia, and expectations influence motivations for revenge travel, and 3) destination image and tour quality have varying impacts on tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty and are influenced by social media usage and tourist expectations, respectively. This study provides a unique theoretical contribution to the tourism literature on loyalty. In addition, it offers a new development perspective for the international tourism market in post-pandemic recovery.

New Thoughts on Formation of Tourism Perceived Images: An Investigation of Guangxi’s Overseas Chinese Students from ASEAN

The research attempts to explain the psychological formation of the image of the sojourn by overseas students who are culturally homogeneous with the sojourn by constructing a comprehensive framework for the composition of the perceived image that contains the new dimension of cultural attachment. In particular, a group of 482 overseas Chinese students from ASEAN with learning experience in Guangxi are the respondents, benefiting from the deep ties between their ethnic and cultural backgrounds with mainland China. It is a strategic consideration based on Guangxi’s international tourism market and image promotion for ASEAN. The research uses quantitative analysis to combine the external influences previously supported in the literature, cultural attachment, and Cognitive-Affective-Conative (CAC) three-dimensional perceived image framework into a more comprehensive model to conduct a hypothetical-deductive study. The results of the quantitative analysis consolidate to a certain extent that the internal constitutive conditions of perceived image are promoted by the CAC model and further test the influence of perceived image under the combined effect of internal and external factors. Meanwhile, it is confirmed that cultural attachment has a strong role in the formation of the perceived image of a specific tourist group. The overall conclusions of the research are rich in academic significance and represent a theoretical expansion of the destination marketing system in response to real-world needs.

INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL TOURISM IN THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL GROWTH IN LEBANON

Lebanon enjoys a geographical location, a rich, and distinctive cultural history, attracting tourists from different regions around the world. Lebanon’s cultural heritage is reflected in the archaeological sites that reflect the Phoenician, Greek, and Roman civilizations, among others. Lebanon has an ancient history that left its mark on its culture, and cultural tourism in Lebanon can help it rise from the economic and social crises that it has suffered from since the fall of 2019. Cultural tourism is an important product in the international tourism market, it is a tourist activity that allows the visitor to learn and discover cultural aspects material and non-material including arts and architecture historical and cultural heritage food heritage literature, and music industries festivals, and museums, and exhibitions and national parks and wildlife reserves and religious places and temples and churches. Cultural tourism contributes to enhancing the identities of communities, enhancing communication between cultures, preserving the heritage and culture of the region, as well as contributing to the development of multiple economic sectors, such as agriculture,handicrafts, and creative industries, and leads to diversifying the local economy and reducing its dependence on other sources of income. This research paper aims to answer the following question: How can cultural tourism contribute to the economic and social recovery of Lebanon? By answering this question, this paperwill delve into researching the solutions that the Lebanese state must take to enhance cultural tourism in Lebanon

Ways to increase ecotourism services in the international tourism market

The experience of foreign countries and international organizations regarding the development of ecological tourism was analyzed, and the activities of progressive, scientifically based global practices were investigated. The main problems that prevent the implementation of international experience in the Ukrainian space have been identified, namely: lack of state support for the development of rural, ecological (green), agrarian tourism; low level of information support; imperfection of the legislative and regulatory framework; limited amount of investment resources; insufficiently practical application of the mechanism of public-private partnership when attracting non-traditional sources of financing investment projects; low level of activity of local authorities in the development of ecotourism; lack of tax benefits for persons involved in the provision of ecotourism services. The priority directions for developing ecotourism in Ukraine are given, taking foreign experience into account. The importance of developing and popularizing Ukrainian ecological tourism on international markets as an element of ensuring a stable situation in the tourism industry is noted. Ecotourism products on the international tourist services market were studied. The types and classifications of ecotourism products, organization, and promotion of tourist services in the international tourist market were studied. It has been established that ecological tourism is gaining more and more popularity and occupies a significant place in the tourism industry. It was determined that the emergence of a new type of tourism has a positive effect on the economic development of countries. The most popular in ecological tourism are tours to those countries where there are still priceless natural resources. It was analyzed that the primary goal of ecotourism is the study and preservation of the environment, the preservation of priceless landscapes. This is the main difference from other types of tourism. The potential for the development of international ecotourism is significant. However, it needs to be used more. Thus, one of the main tasks in the field of tourism development is the creation of ecological paths and ecotourism paths. Ecological tourism can be a specialization that will become a competitive alternative to irrational economic activity and, with the support of state institutions, a natural mechanism for ensuring the region's sustainable development. Thus, the development of international ecotourism is a necessary prerequisite: the availability of resource potential, a harmonious combination of natural and anthropogenic objects, and a network of tourist routes that can become the basis of road tourist routes. Keywords: eco-tourism, prospects, solutions, problems, implementation, tour

Do Size and Ownership Determine the Willingness for Sustainable Innovations in Spa and Health Tourism? A Case Study on Baile Felix Spa Resort, Romania

There is a considerable debate in the literature regarding the real impact of tourism on the environment and human communities, specifically with respect to tourism’s openness to sustainable innovation. The way in which the different forms of tourism and entrepreneurial and managerial initiatives respond to the new economic, technological, social and environmental challenges acquire considerable importance for academics, practitioners, decision makers and consumers. The purpose of this research is to assess the potential for sustainable innovation in spa and health tourism in a relevant area in Romania through a survey-based study of both entrepreneurs who own a tourist accommodation unit, as well as top and middle managers from large tourism enterprises. The results of our research show that the development of spa and health tourism offers multiple examples of good practices, and that stimulating innovative entrepreneurial initiatives can lead to a sustainable reinvention of the tourism and local economy, in line with the international health tourism market. In the case of small businesses, even though sustainable initiatives are present, they are at an earlier stage and are less diversified compared to hotels, the scope of innovation is smaller and their motivation weaker. In other words, a large part of the objectives of modernization and sustainability in spa and health tourism (equipment, services, qualification and hiring of employees, sustainable and environmentally friendly orientation) are the responsibility of large hotel resorts. This research provides valuable insights into the ongoing debate surrounding the impact of tourism on the environment and local communities, with a specific focus on the potential for sustainable innovation in spa and health tourism within a significant region of Romania.

Tourism Competitiveness versus Sustainability: Impact on the World Economic Forum Model Using the Rasch Methodology

The pandemic changed the strategic business approach of tourist destinations on a global scale. Given this new scenario, there is a need to implement sustainability strategies that are aligned with economic, social, and environmental aspects to continue competing in the international tourism market. Therefore, identifying these strategies, specific to each destination, is a key variable for tourism competitiveness. To help destination managers, this paper aims to measure tourism competitiveness in terms of sustainability. Using the Rasch model, the analysis confirms that the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent and, thus, measure tourism competitiveness. In addition, the results obtained show that the countries with the highest socioeconomic development are the most competitive tourist destinations, and the most relevant SDGs for tourism competitiveness are related to prosperity and social guarantees.

러시아-우크라이나 전쟁과 국제관광

Since the World Health Organization(WHO) declared a pandemic due to the COVID-19 outbreak on March 11, 2020, the international tourism industry has suffered an unprecedented blow. In the international tourism market, which was in a gradual recovery of period, Russia's invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, subsequent Western sanctions, and a counterattack by Russia, were enough to cause a new level of uncertainty. After the Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Ukraine and Moldova closed their airspace, and Western countries imposed measures such as a ban on takeing off and landing and flying in their own airspaces, and the suspension of the code-sharing agreement on planes belonging to Russian airlines. Russia also responded and it has become inevitable for neighboring countries to change air routes. This led to an increase in flight time and an increase in air ticket costs, which negatively affected international tourism. Nevertheless, international air ticketing declined for the two weeks after the outbreak of the war, but demand for international tourism has gradually recovered since then. According to the UN World Tourism Organization's Tourism Recovery Tracker data, the number of international tourist arrivals around the world at the end of 2022 recovered to 65% compared to 2019 before the pandemic, exceeding the expected recovery of 37% to 50% compared to 2019, an estimated scenario announced by the UN World Tourism Organization in January 2022. In particular, the number of international tourist arrivals in Europe has recovered to 80% compared to 2019, indicating a fairly rapid recovery compared to 27% in the Asia-Pacific region. In addition, the number of international tourist arrivals around the world from January to March 2023 recovered to 80% compared to 2019 before the pandemic, 90% in Europe, and 72% in Central and Eastern Europe. And it can be seen that the recovery is faster not only than experts expected at the beginning of the outbreak of war, but also than the result of the survey on the recovery period of international tourism to the pre-pandemic level, which was surveyed by experts from each country by the UN World Tourism Organization before the outbreak. And the number of Russians entering Korea in 2022, 60,019, which is 17.5% compared to 343,057 in 2019 before the pandemic, and the number of Russian patients using medical institutions in Korea was 9,616 in 2022, which is 32.2% compared to 29,897 in 2019. Although the pace of recovery is not faster than that of other countries, considering that the number of arrivals from January to May 2023 was 60,671, which has already exceeded the annual number of arrivals in 2022, the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war on the Korean inbound tourism market can be seen as insignificant.