International Tourism Activities Research Articles

Assessment and mapping of noise pollution in recreation spaces using geostatistic method after COVID-19 lockdown in Turkey

Increased use of recreational areas after the lifting of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions has led to increased noise levels. This study aims to determine the level of noise pollution experienced in recreational areas with the increasing domestic and international tourism activities after the lifting of pandemic lockdowns, to produce spatial distribution maps of noise pollution, and to develop strategic planning suggestions for reducing noise pollution in line with the results obtained. Antalya-Konyaaltı Beach Recreation Area, the most important international tourism destination of Turkey, is determined as the study area. To determine the existing noise pollution, 31 measurement points were marked at 100 m intervals within the study area. Noise measurements were taken during the daytime (07:00–19:00), evening (19:00–23:00), and nighttime (23:00–07:00) on weekdays (Monday, Wednesday, Friday) and weekends (Sunday) over 2 months in the summer when the lockdown was lifted. In addition, the sound level at each measurement point was recorded for 15 min, while the number of vehicles passing through the area during the same period was determined. The database created as a result of measurements and observations was analyzed using statistical and geostatistical methods. After the analysis of the data, it was found that the co-kriging-stable model showed superior performance in noise mapping. Additionally, it was revealed that there is a high correlation between traffic density and noise intensity, with the highest equivalent noise level (Leq) on weekdays and weekend evenings due to traffic and user density. In conclusion, regions exposed to intense noise pollution were identified and strategic planning recommendations were developed to prevent/reduce noise sources in these identified regions.

Potential effects of Erasmus+ B.I.P. projects on universities’ activities and regional tourism

The article is devoted to the study of the role of the Erasmus+ Program in promoting the intensification and deepening of international cooperation within the framework of the European Union. The purpose of the article is to present the results of a study of the potential impact of the Erasmus+ Program and one of its projects B.I.P. (Mixed Intensive Program) to expand the educational opportunities of universities based on this program. It has been proven that Erasmus+ B.I.P. has become an important tool for innovative activity and promoting the development of cooperation between universities. It is emphasized that Erasmus+ B.I.P. facilitates the deepening of short-term and intensive educational activities through online meetings that bring together partners (participating universities) for the effective implementation of their projects. It was noted that the special value of programs in which universities from different countries and different fields participate is that such programs allow specialists of different specializations to come together to solve urgent regional problems and achieve the large-scale goals of sustainable development of the United Nations. Attention is focused on the expected additional value of these projects for existing educational programs of higher educational institutions. The potential consequences of the implementation of these projects for regional tourism are considered. These positive effects were made possible by increasing the visibility of tourist recreation facilities for tourists and increasing the level of cultural awareness among members of host communities. The main method of the presented research was the use of secondary data sources, which emphasized the multifaceted influence of B.I.P. projects and shed light on their transformative potential in higher education institutions, as well as in regional and international tourism activities. Features of strategies for better integration of knowledge about the country with the curriculum are determined. The process of developing such programs has been developed, which is divided into five stages: analytical, design, pilot, adjustment and further implementation. The importance of financial support for the implementation of the listed strategies and programs was emphasized, in particular through the receipt of scholarships and grants.

STRATEGY TO IMPROVE SPORTS TOURISM IN THE JAKABARING SPORT CITY AREA, PALEMBANG CITY

Jakabaring Sport City (JSC) in Palembang, South Sumatera Province has become the largest centralized sport complex in Asia. This sport complex is the host of PON XVI 2004, SEA GAMES XXVI 2011 and ASIAN GAMES XVIII 2018. With the presence of several mega events, the Jakabaring Sport City (JSC) is one of the centres of international standard sport and tourism activities in Indonesia. Based on the data from Dinas Pemuda dan Olahraga, Palembang City, the number of international sporting events held in Jakabaring Sport City (JSC) has increased from 2015 by 14 events until 2019 increase to 3 events. From the existence of this matter, this research aims to study the actual development and potential in the tourism sector. The method used in this research is descriptive method by obtaining qualitative. And data collection techniques using literature studies. The data that has been obtained is than analyzed using an interactive analysis method by wich researchers are required to conduct data collection activities, data reduction, data presentation, and finally conclusions are obtained. This research resulted in an assessment direction on strategies to increase sport activities especially to increase the sport tourism events in Jakabaring Sport City (JSC), Palembang city

Tourism Growth and Financial Sector Development Nexus: Evidence from Selected African Economies

This article tests the tourism growth and financial sector development nexus. Data came from the World Bank and IMF for the years 1995-2020 from 43 selected African economies. We applied System GMM and dynamic CCEMG to estimate short–run effects and JKS Granger non-causality test for causality, FMOLS and FGLS to estimate long–run effects and sets of co-integration tests for co-movements. The findings support mutual reinforcing effects for both inbound tourism growth and financial sector development. Outbound tourism should be monitored and controlled for its negative effects; inbound tourism should be facilitated and promoted for its positive effects. Political stability and trade openness policies should be a priority for both sectors, while foreign direct investments should be monitored and controlled for their ambiguous impacts. In this work, we are able to show that increases in international tourism activities and developments in the financial sector mutually impact each other.

Tourism, Remittances, and Foreign Investment as Determinants of Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Selected Asian Economies

This research discovers how international tourism affects the economic growth of selected Asian states, e.g., Bangladesh, China, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, throughout 2001–2019. To attain this objective, we have employed various regression estimation approaches, e.g., Fixed Effect Model (FEM) and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) technique. The statistical results of the applied techniques reveal that international tourism activities have a positive and significant effect on the GDP growth rate because such kinds of activities considerably contribute to creating opportunities that lead to hoist economic activities and economic growth. Moreover, an influx of tourism increases tourism activities and operations, which opens further doors to opportunities and generates revenue for the government. Similarly, the GDP per capita has been positively and significantly influenced by international tourism activities. The government and host country should emphasize the activities and operations regarding tourism and should also concentrate on the dynamic role, importance, and sensitivity of tourism operations in under-analyzed economies. This research brings a new arrangement of the variable, which has never been considered in prior literature.

Специфика подготовки специалистов туристического профиля по комплексу иностранного языка

The article is devoted to the issues of training tourism specialists and the role of English as the main international means of communication within the disciplines “Foreign language (practical)”, “Business communication in a professional environment”, “Foreign language in communicative practices”, “Foreign language of business and professional communication”, “Academic Communication”. The article presents an analysis of the materials of articles published in the collections “International Journal of Tourism” of the French Institute of Management and Tourism “Vatel”. Research methods include theoretical analysis of international periodicals and research publications. This article deals with issues related to international cultural exchange, and also focuses on new trends in the field of tourism in combination with mastering the vocabulary in English. The authors of the article analyze new directions in tourism, such as mini-clubs, with an emphasis on local traditions and customs of tourist destinations, and gastronomic tourism, which is an integral part of the culture of destinations. The article reveals the importance of intercultural communication for international tourism activities and describes the methods of mastering professional vocabulary in English. The authors focus on professional communication in English for tourism specialists, consider methods of presentation and implementation of new vocabulary, introduce issues of innovation in the techniques and technologies of hospitality, management, and staff training. The materials of this article are useful for specialists in the tourism industry, teachers of educational institutions, students in this field, as well as a wide range of readers.

From International to Local: Promoting Local Volunteer Tourism to Guarantee the Persistence of Wildlife Conservation Projects in the Post-COVID-19 Era

Volunteer tourists, often foreigners, collect essential data in wildlife conservation projects worldwide. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, international tourism activities reduced drastically, forcing many conservation projects to shut down. Using a nine-year (2013–2021) case study in Indonesia, we examine how local and foreign tourists construct the meaning of their volunteer experiences in the light of COVID-19. We aim to highlight the potential benefits of local volunteer tourism to face the travel limitations posed by COVID-19, and to show an example of how conservation projects can overcome the challenges of the current and potential future pandemics. We recruited 117 volunteers (49 Indonesians, 68 foreign; 73 females, 44 males; mean age: 24.2 ± SD 4.7) that collected 50.8% of the total amount of data collected by the project over the same period. Of the 117 volunteers, 81 of them (38 Indonesians, 43 foreigners) filled in a feedback form at the end of their stay. Via logistic regressions, we found that Indonesian volunteers declared more positive feedback on the logistics at the research station (p = 0.047). Via Bayesian structural equation models, we found that Indonesian volunteers reported significantly more frequently than foreign volunteers that they learned new skills (89% Credible Interval = 0.017–0.351) and that they gained personal wisdom, growth and maturity (89% Credible Interval = 0.891–1.003) from the volunteer experience. The volunteer program evolved from being 100% foreign volunteers in 2013 to 100% Indonesian volunteers by 2020 at the peak of the pandemic, which helped maintain the continuity of the research and conservation activities. We presented the positive implications of shifting towards local volunteer tourists in a long-term conservation project. We suggest that promoting local volunteer tourism through training new generations of nationals in conservation projects is key to guarantee the persistence of such initiatives in the post-COVID-19 Era.

Tourism development in the countries of the Western Black Sea Coast (Romania аnd Bulgaria) and their cooperation with Ukraine

The relevance of the work lies in the integration processes of Ukraine and the Western Black Sea states of Bulgaria and Romania, the current state and trends in the development of international tourism activities of these countries. The subject of research in the article is the development of tourism in the countries of the Western Black Sea region. The goal is to study the cooperation of Ukraine with the countries of the Western Black Sea region in the field of tourism. Task: research of types of tourism and recreational and tourist resources, tourist infrastructure and activities of Romania and Bulgaria and their cooperation with Ukraine. General scientific methods are used: factor analysis to formalize the cause-and-effect relationships of the studied factors of the influence of tourist resources on the development of types of tourism, system analysis to determine the development of tourist infrastructure and activities. The article examines the types of tourism and recreational and tourist resources of Romania and Bulgaria, on the basis of which they develop. The countries have significant natural, natural-anthropogenic, cultural-historical resources, which contribute to the development of recreational and health bathing and beach, cultural and educational, medical and health balneological, skiing, ecological, adventure and extreme tourism. The paper analyzed the development of tourist infrastructure and tourist activities of the countries. The hotel and restaurant industry of both countries was analyzed. It is quite developed, especially in Bulgaria. Next, tourist activity, tourist flows, and income from tourism are analyzed. The cooperation of Ukraine with the countries of the Western Black Sea region is highlighted. The following results were obtained: based on the analysis of the development of tourism in the countries of the Western Black Sea region, the conditions for Ukraine's cooperation with them were identified. Conclusions: Ukraine and the countries of the Western Black Sea region have all the conditions for international cooperation in the field of tourism.

Revealing the nexus between tourism development and CO2 emissions in Asia: does asymmetry matter?

Asia is one of the fastest-growing regions in international tourism, economic growth, and CO2 emissions around the globe. However, the relationships between tourism and CO2 emissions are little and unclearly identified. The purpose of the study is to explore the asymmetric nexus between tourism and CO2 emissions in a panel of five high emitters Asian countries covering the period of 1995-2019 by using panel-NARDL-AMG. The empirical results reveal that a positive shock in tourism arrivals increases CO2 emissions, while a negative shock also increases CO2 emissions in the long run. Moreover, a negative shock has a greater effect on CO2 emissions than a positive shock in Asia in the long run. Tourism receipts are expected to maintain the robustness of CO2 emissions in the long run in Asian economies. The authorities should develop and design green international tourism activities in the Asian economies.

Tourists' Health Risk Threats Amid COVID-19 Era: Role of Technology Innovation, Transformation, and Recovery Implications for Sustainable Tourism.

Technology innovation has changed the patterns with its advanced features for travel and tourism industry during the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, which massively hit tourism and travel worldwide. The profound adverse effects of the coronavirus disease resulted in a steep decline in the demand for travel and tourism activities worldwide. This study focused on the literature based on travel and tourism in the wake global crisis due to infectious virus. The study aims to review the emerging literature critically to help researchers better understand the situation. It valorizes transformational affordance, tourism, and travel industries impacts posed by the virus COVID-19. The study proposed a research model on reviving the international tourism activities post COVID-19 pandemic to gain sustainable development and recovery. The scholars have debated seeking the best possible ways to predict a sustainable recovery of travel, tourism, and leisure sectors from the devastating consequences of coronavirus COVID-19. In the first phase, the study describes how the current pandemic can become transformational opportunities. It debates the situation and questions related to the emergence of the COVID-19 outbreak. The present research focuses on identifying fundamental values, organizations, and pre-assumptions related to travel and tourism revival and help academia and researchers to a breakthrough in initiating the frontiers based on research and practice. This study aims at exploring the role of technological innovation in the crisis management of COVID-19 tourism impacts, tourists’ behavior, and experiences. The travel and tourism industry’s main stakeholders include tourism demand and organizations that manage tourists’ destinations and policymakers. They have already experienced the stages of responses, recovery, and resetting tourism recovery strategies. The study provides valuable insight into the coronavirus consequences on travel and tourism and practical implications for global tourism and academic research revitalization.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНІ АСПЕКТИ ЕФЕКТИВНОЇ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ ТУРИСТИЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

The article analyzes the organization of international tourism and trends in its development in Ukraine and the world. It is established that international tourism is one of the most profitable businesses in the world. This sector has recently become increasingly important in the structure of national economies, and is developing every rapidly, in countries that prioritize the development of recreation and tourism, this service sector is growing much faster and is one of the most important fillers of the state treasury, but is still active growth and its potential is much greater than used under current conditions. The global features of international tourism are considered, which indicates the special role of the most powerful tourism countries in the world market of tourism services. The current state of functioning of the international tourism sector in Ukraine is analyzed. The analysis showed that the effectiveness of such activities is constrained by the unresolved number of problems, for the solution of which it is necessary to make appropriate changes and additions to current legislation; approval of national standards for all types of recreational and tourist services. It turns out that Ukraine has all the objective prerequisites to become one of the leading countries in the world with developed international tourism. It is proposed to classify the needs of consumers of tourism products in international tou-rism activities by the criteria of their causes: The peculiarities of the use of innovative services in the activities of tourism businesses are considered. The essence, content and indicators of competitiveness of international tourism are considered, insufficient development of this concept is revealed, in particular due to lack of understanding of the needs of consumers of tourism product, validity and normative and methodological basis of organizational and economic support of international tourism.Keywords: tourism product, tourist needs, motivation, pandemic, services market, service quality, innovation

Проблеми та перспективи розвитку міжнародного туризму в постковідному світі

The purpose of this article is to identify the features, problems and perspectives in the development of international tourism in the post-covid world. Analyzing the statistical and forecast data of relevant international organizations, as well as expert opinions of market practitioners, a significant dependence of the tourism system on exogenous factors of negative impact is revealed, and COVID-19 is viewed as the largest crisis in terms of consequences, because the highly globalized world itself contributes to the large-scale and rapid spread of the pandemic. For the purpose of comparative analysis of the periods of development of tourist activity in the world, the following indicators were analyzed: the dynamics of the growth rate of the world economy and world tourism; dynamics of development of sectors of the world economy with the separation of the place of tourism; regional dynamics of international tourist arrivals and revenues from international tourism; loss of jobs in the tourism industry by region of the world as result of the spread of COVID-19, reduced business activity and tourist mobility. All indicators show a significant reduction and there is a relationship with the overall economic and social environment of countries. As result of the study, the main vectors of public policy on countering the consequences of COVID-19 in the tourism sector are defined and attention is focused on the need for consolidated precise and timely actions at all management levels: local, national, and international. An algorithm for overcoming the crisis phenomena in the tourism business caused by the pandemic has been developed, which provides for a set of consistent measures aimed at managing and controlling the crisis, stabilizing the market situation and accelerating the revitalization of the industry, as well as developing a new paradigm for the functioning of world tourism in post- covid realities. Trend tendencies in the further development of international tourism activities are proposed, taking into account changes in consumer preferences, namely: digitalization, virtualization, shifting the vector to domestic tourism, staycation and workation, wellness tourism, deeper awareness of the need for further implementation of the principles of sustainable development, etc.

Economic policy uncertainty and tourism nexus: time and frequency approaches

ABSTRACT This paper provides the relationship between Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) and international tourism activities in the BRIC countries (i.e. Brazil, Russia, India and China). The researchers used continuous wavelets, wavelet coherence and wavelet phase-difference based on Granger causality analysis to investigate the relationship between EPU and tourism activities using the annual data. The findings show that there is a unidirectional causal influence of EPU on international tourism arrivals (ITA) in the short run and mid run for Brazil. In addition, there is a bi-directional causal influence of EPU on ITA in China and Russia in the long run.

Does tourism affect house prices in Turkey? Evidence from smooth structural break tests

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of tourism activities on house prices in Turkey from January 2010 to March 2020.Design/methodology/approachIt is used newly developed cointegration and causality tests based on Fourier approximation. These methods consider smooth structural breaks and do not need to recognize a priori date number and/or form of breaks.FindingsEmpirical findings show that international tourism activities have a substantial role in the escalation of house prices in Turkey. Findings also indicate a rise in industrial production enhances house prices while the mortgage lending rate exhibits a negative influence on house prices. Additionally, the evidence from Fourier causality tests reveals the unilateral causal linkage from tourism to house prices. This situation also shows that the tourism sector has a substantial role in stabilizing house prices’ rapid rise as a policy implication.Originality/valueAlthough a large number of papers have been analyzing the link between house prices and macroeconomic variables, this study eliminates the lack of papers examining the link between tourism and house prices in Turkey by using the new cointegration and causality methods that consider smooth structural changes.

Sensitivity and vulnerability of international tourism by covid crisis: South America in context

The aim of this research is to visualize those countries that would have the greatest impact in terms of sensitivity and vulnerability due to the drop in travels, as a product of the pandemic, with special emphasis on South America. For this, the participation of tourism in the economy of certain countries prior to the coronavirus crisis was measured by analysing three groups of countries: the ten most tourist countries in the world according to their receipts; countries whose economies are most dependent on tourism; and the twelve South American countries, contextualized through the other two groups. Thus, multiple combinations of high, low and medium sensitivity and vulnerability were identified for South American and for the countries with the highest absolute receipts from tourism, but an alarming scenario for the most dependent countries on international tourism, many of them small island countries in development (SIDS). Additionally, the ideas of low apparent sensitivity and that of low sensitivity due to role inversion offer new ways to interpret a low sensitivity. Likewise, and with respect to vulnerability, three possible stages of recovery of international tourism activity were noted.

РОЗВИТОК БЕЗПЕКИ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ТА ІВЕНТ-ТУРИЗМУ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ТА ПСИХОЛОГІЗАЦІЇ

The article provides insights into the surge of modern digital technologies on the market of digital communications, entertainment and educational services along with identifying the key trends in the development of international entrepreneurship and event business and outlining their further evolution options and perspectives. It is noted that a hallmark of modern entrepreneurship is blending of the commerce sector with the Internet and cyberspace. This challenges the emergence of new business models, contributes to building digital economy, promotes new types of digital products and services and facilitates cyber business development. The findings demonstrate rapid growth of the new sector and a tremendous increase in profits. E-commerce relies on innovative communication and partnership frameworks shared by all stakeholders, as well as on digital promotion strategies. The technology for creating digital reality, artificial intelligence, high speed audio and video conferencing, and instant data transfer is the background to build an environment for business global processes and shape the future of digital world and the digital economy. The twenties of the 21st century have marked the fundamental changes in the nature of event tourism: the beginning of the pandemic era, global climate change, cutting costs with VR technology, etc. In modern realia as never before, the event tourism industry faces a difficult dilemma: either a rapid and most effective transformation, or inevitable stagnation with the loss of markets and valuable personnel that have been cultivated for years. The tourism market globalization has turned into an ideal environment for spreading infections, especially in the context of large-scale biotechnology expanding, actively promoted by global pharmaceutical companies. However, globalization contributes to modern digital technology dissemination, fosters better adaptation to dynamic socioeconomic changes and shaping a global socioeconomic area. The implications for further development of international entrepreneurship and event tourism in the context of digital technologies challenges the need to re-think the fundamental characteristics of international business flows and tourism activities, as well as to transform the content of a tourism concept and the need to spatial movement. It is argued that thanks to modern technology, the event business area moves towards its consumer, and not on the contrary.

The post COVID-19 tourism dilemma for geoparks in Indonesia

This paper provides a brief account and rapid assessment, utilising qualitative data, of the impact of COVID-19 on domestic and international tourism activity in geoparks in Indonesia. The popularity of geoparks and associated heavy domestic visitation have given rise to over-tourism scenarios such as congestion, littering, waste disposal problems, ecological damage and localised declines in air quality. The COVID-19 Pandemic resulted in the closure of all tourist destinations in Indonesia, including geoparks and this had a significant economic impact on tourism actors when business premises were forced to close and staff in the tourism industry lost employment. Following closure of geoparks, management perceived a decline in negative impacts and realised the scope to undertake recovery work at damaged sites. However, evidence from wildlife tourism hotspots suggests increased poaching and deforestation has occurred in protected areas due to reduced conservation actions and ranger patrols during the lockdown. The Indonesian Government has developed a five-point action plan to assist recovery of the sector. Following the lifting of restrictions, previously observed, pre-COVID-19 Pandemic, heavy visitation problems have been re-established. This situation has the capacity to lead to negative visitor perceptions and unsustainable environmental conditions. We posit that the over-tourism ‘problem’ requires attention and research in order to provide solutions to on-going traffic congestion, crowding and associated negative impacts in Indonesian geoparks.

The Determinants of COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality across Countries

We identify 19 predetermined country-level factors significantly related to weekly COVID-19 morbidity and mortality across 109 countries between January and the end of 2020. Aggravating factors, which increase infections and deaths, include population, the median age of the population, the male-to-female ratio, population density, democracy, political corruption, GDP per capita, income inequality, international tourism activities, and life satisfaction and happiness. Mitigating factors, which reduce morbidity and mortality, include temperature, the education level, religious diversity, media freedom, female leadership, the strength of legal systems, public trust in government, SARS experiences, and healthcare infrastructure. The number of COVID-19 tests is positively (negatively) related to confirmed infection (death) cases. Dominance analysis shows that the top five determinants, which collectively explain approximately 70% of the cross-country variation in morbidity, are population, international tourism activities, media freedom, SARS experiences, and the median age of the population.

English Oral Tradition for Tourists to Promote Environmental Conservation

Currently, Indonesian tourism is preparing to open back to international tourism activities due to the Covid 19 pandemic. One of the factors that they need to prepare is sustainable development in terms of Environmentally Feasible, which emphasizes that the development process must be responsive and pay attention to efforts to preserve the environment (natural and cultural), and to a minimum, avoid adverse impacts that can reduce environmental quality and disturb the ecological balance. This research aims at giving a new approach to preserving the environment without reducing tourism activity. English version of the oral tradition in the tourism place is chosen to attract tourists’ awareness in preserving the environment. This research is a case study of Kandri Tourism Village by using documents analysis and interviews. The results showed various oral traditions related directly to the environment, which are passed down from generation to generation by the community. The oral traditions are succeeded in being used to preserve the environment for the domestic tourist. However, this is not optimal when applied to foreign tourists due to two factors: limited terminology and cross-cultural understanding.

Effects of Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19) Pandemia in Incoming Tourist Volume of Hong Kong: A Comparative Analysis with Figures of Last Five Years

Recently, the world is facing a novel coronavirus. The virus, called Covid-19, which was first seen in Wuhan, China and started to spread rapidly to other countries, has come to a halt all around the world due to its high spreading rate and being a deadly virus. In the face of the situation that has turned into a universal public health crisis, some countries have reduced their commercial relations with other countries and even international travel restrictions have been introduced in many countries. Since almost all countries close their borders and stop international travel, international tourism activities have also lost their dynamism. In this study, the first effects of the novel coronavirus with tourism were tried to be determined. For this purpose, the count of foreign tourists coming to Hong Kong from some countries and continents in January 2020 was compared with the data of January of the last five years with the help of graphics. As a result of the research, it has been determined that the count of foreign tourists visiting Hong Kong in January 2020 has decreased significantly compared to January of the last five years.