Economic policy uncertainty and tourism nexus: time and frequency approaches

Abstract

ABSTRACT This paper provides the relationship between Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) and international tourism activities in the BRIC countries (i.e. Brazil, Russia, India and China). The researchers used continuous wavelets, wavelet coherence and wavelet phase-difference based on Granger causality analysis to investigate the relationship between EPU and tourism activities using the annual data. The findings show that there is a unidirectional causal influence of EPU on international tourism arrivals (ITA) in the short run and mid run for Brazil. In addition, there is a bi-directional causal influence of EPU on ITA in China and Russia in the long run.