International Tourism Activities Research Articles

Patterns of international tourism

This paper provides a historical and current overview of international tourism activity. Within the setting of a discussion of the nature and characteristics of tourism statistics, statistical indicators of the levels of international tourism are presented and analysed. Coverage is worldwide, split by World Tourism Organisation Region. Rankings of the leading tourism generators and receivers are given, together with concentration ratios of tourism supply and demand. Finally, the foremost world region, Europe, is considered in finer detail in view of its dominant position and leading influence on world tourism.©1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DIFFERENT ECOSYSTEMS in COASTAL areas OF THE ANDAMAN ISLANDS

Coastal ecosystems are well known for their higher primary and secondary productivity and support of diverse floral and faunal communities. Especially coral reef and seagrasses create, as well as occupy, important niches in shallow water environments. Physico- chemical characteristics of the critical habitats (Mangrove, seagrass, dead coral bed and sandy beach) of Andaman islands were studied. Physico-chemical parameters recorded in 18 stations showed distinct variations among different ecosystems, especially chemical parameters showed notable variations in all these ecosystems. Sediment characters showed significant variations: pH of the sediments varied between 8.1 and 8.6 in all the sampling locations and the electrical conductivity of the sediments varied between 2.1 and 4.1dSm-1. Sediment nutrients varied widely: nitrogen (22-52 kg/acre), phosphorus (10-15 kg/acre) and potassium (55-73 kg/acre). Though the physico-chemical parameters showed distinct variations among different ecosystems, they are within the optimum range reported for the specific ecosystems prevailing in the area. In general, the nutrient level of water in the seagrass and mangroves was low when compared similar ecosystems of the mainland. It is important to note that, though the ambient water quality of these ecosystems is at the optimum level reported for the respective ecosystems, proper attention should be paid to maintain the subtle nature of the ecosystems of the islands, under the post-tsunamic geomorphological variations, increasing national and international tourism activity and the changing climatic conditions.

Turkey's 1968 Tourism Programme

Parallel to the developments in the international tourism activities, significant advancements have also been recorded in the tourism of Turkey. However, these developments have fallen short of the Plan and Programme targets and certain bottlenecks do exist in the sector.

Recent evolution of tourism in Turkey

The United Nations' Organization approved the draft proposal dated 2 March 1966, of the Economic and Social Council and proclaimed 1967 as the “International Tourism Year”. With the proclamation, which is based on the report prepared by the IUOTO, the U.N. have attached importance to the economic and social effects of the International Tourism activities.