International Standard Specifications Research Articles

Video camera recorder using small-size DVD-RAM

We have developed a video camera recorder using small-size 80 mm DVD-RAM with the following features: direct playback by selecting a thumbnail, no accidental overwrite, high-quality picture for a long time, playback on PCs with a 4.7 GB DVD-RAM drive, DVD recorders, and future DVD players. We have achieved compatibility with other products meeting "DVD Specifications for Rewritable/Re-recordable Discs Part 3: Video Recording Version 1.0" that is an international standard specification as a video recording format. We provide an easy-to-use operation for users by "Disc Navigation".

Wood adhesives from peanut skin tannin‐formaldehyde resins modified with phenols

Peanut skin tannin extract‐formaldehyde condensates were modified with resorcinol and cashew nut shell liquid. The copolymer resins formed were used as thermosetting and cold‐setting exterior grade wood adhesives for Sapele veneer panels. Results obtained showed that, on addition of paraformaldehyde, the resins modified with resorcinol cured at ambient temperatures while those modified with cashew nut shell liquid cured at higher temperatures. The bonded panels developed strength and durability satisfying the requirements of International Standard Specification for phenolic resin adhesives.

Integrating multimedia communications into an MMS environment

This paper presents an approach of network resource management in a heterogeneous manufacturing LANs environment in order to integrate multimedia services. The primary objective is to define a uniform communication interface with which the multimedia functionality can be integrated into the distributed manufacturing applications. The proposed model extends the Virtual Manufacturing Device (VMD) concept defined in the international standard Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) in order to virtualise the communication systems. A virtual server, named Virtual Communication Support (VCS), is defined to provide the transparent services on the QoS (Quality of Service) parameters negotiation, the communication channel establishment/termination and QoS monitoring in a standardised constrained industrial communications framework. Multimedia application and traditional manufacturing applications have to co-exist in a standardised MMS environment. Furthermore the VCS model provides the support for the possible real-time extension of MMS. A platform of implementation, named PLACOMAP, is presented to illustrate a multimedia enhanced manufacturing application in a heterogeneous communication context where different types of networks, ATM, ETHERNET and MAP are involved.

THE MANUFACUTE OF GLOVES USING RVNRL: PARAMETERS OF the COAGULANT DIPPING PROCESS

Surgical gloves were manufactured using the RVNRL process. A fractional factorial design at two levels showed that five parameters of the coagulant dipping process which were studied independent. Coagulant concentration and dwell time in the radiovulcanized latex presented major main effects while the temperature of the former before dipping into the radiovulcanized latex and the flow time of the radiovulcanized latex on the former surface presented opposite main effects. The withdrawal rate of the former from the radiovulcanized latex did not change glove thickness. The mathematical correlation between the estimates of thickness and the significant main effects of coded variables was = 0.212 + 0.025x1 + 0.019x2. This optimized equation allowed reproduction of a surgical glove thickness in the range of 0.157 to 0.291mm, which is considered acceptable by international standard specification.

Test facility in Port Said-Egypt for photovoltaic solar generators

In framework of an applied research project a test facility for evaluating the performance of photovoltaic (PV) solar generators has been implemented at the Faculty of Engineering in Port Said-Egypt. The goals of the project is to perform the different required tests on photovoltaic (PV) solar generators in order to verify the fulfillment of the international standard specifications and to verify the characteristics given by the manufacturer. This will be achieved determining the electrical, the thermal and the mechanical characteristics of the module. This test can be considered to be a preparation for Egyptian PV market helping for propagation and harmonisation of standards. The developed test facility is including the main tests of PV systems, e.g. the electrical output under normal operating conditions and the influence of different environmental factors.

A new technique for determining the denture tooth bond

Defective bonds between resin teeth and denture base material remain a continuing source of failure. Findings from the limited number of studies on this topic are diminished by the numerous experimental approaches adopted. National and international standard specifications also adopt different methods of specimen preparation and physical straining. A critical appraisal of the various standards is carried out and a new procedure for determining the denture tooth to acrylic resin bond is described. A study using this technique found that physical modification and alginate contamination of the tooth had no significant effect on the bond strength. Ineffectual wax elimination was the main cause of failure.

Distributed Multimedia Modeling in an MMS Context

Distributed multimedia applications would be a useful tool in the manufacturing industry. They are typically time-based applications which impose several time related constraints on communication systems. Quality of Service (QoS) parameters are necessary to describe the requirements to transfer multimedia information in communication systems. The international standard Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) is an application layer protocol which specifies services for the distributed manufacturing applications. It enables communications between heterogeneous devices, but is not suitable for multimedia applications because it does not present QoS parameters to its objects and services. This paper proposes an extension of MMS for integrating multimedia functions. The goal is to define an MMS multimedia companion standard. Like the VMD which models manufacturing devices for MMS communication, a Virtual Communication Support (VCS) is proposed to virtualize a communication system in an MMS environment. Potential uses of VCS are also discussed.

Resolution conversion method with arbitrary rational values for transform‐coded images

AbstractThe decimation and interpolation (contraction and expansion) processings of the image based on the orthogonal transform are simple and useful in the communication and storage of the digital image data. Consequently, their application to the resolution conversion of the image is expected. The conversion factor in this type of resolution conversion can be seas an arbitrary rational number if the size of the matrices in the forward and backward transforms can be set arbitrarily.On the other hand, the size of the transform matrix in the encoding is specified by the international standard and other specifications and it is not possible to set the conversion factor arbitrarily on the decoding side. When the transform matrix has the size of N, for example, the conversion factor is restricted to be the integer multiple of 1/N.From such a viewpoint, this paper proposes a method that can realize a resolution conversion with an arbitrary conversion factor even if the transform matrix size in the encoding is already specified. The basic principle of the proposed method is to combine the conventional method and the decimation processing and can be characterized as a more general method than the conventional method.By a discussion based on the filter bank and multi‐rate system, the effective configuration for the proposed method is shown. It is shown also as a result that the conversion with an arbitrary rational factor can be executed with nearly the same computational complexity as in the conventional method. A simulation is executed using DCT and LOT and the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated while indicating the problems in DCT.

The design and implementation of an ASN.1-C compiler

Abstract syntax notation one (ASN.1) has been widely used in international standard specification: its transfer-syntax, the basic encoding rules (BER), is used as the external data representation. A BER implementation called the ED library is presented. The ED library includes a number of encoding and decoding routines that may be used as primitive functions to compose encoders and decoders for arbitrarily complicated ASN.1 data types. Based on the ED library an ASN.1-C compiler, called CASN1, is designed and implemented to free the protocol implementers from the arduous work of translating protocol-defined data-types and constructing their encoders and decoders. Given an ASN.1 protocol specification, CASN1 automatically translates the input ASN.1 modules into C and generates the BER encoders and decoders for the protocol defined data-types. The CASN1 design principles, user interface, and some example applications are discussed. The performance of the ED library and generated CASN1 code is also measured and discussed. >

Benefication of certain marlstones for use as ceramic raw material

The work presented here is an investigation into the possibility of using marlstones as ceramic raw material. These marlstones are the only abundant clay minerals available in the area investigated, although they contain appreciable amounts of carbonates. To beneficiate the marlstone, it was treated chemically to reduce the carbonate content, and the effect of parameters such as the degree of carbonate removal, firing programme, percentage of soluble salts and percentage of free silica on the ceramic properties of the treated marlstone were studied. The results were compared with those obtained from an industrial clay used in the production of tiles. The results showed that the unglazed wall tiles produced from the beneficiated marlstone complied with international standard specifications for wall tiles.

The chemistry and development of tannin‐based weather‐ and boil‐proof cold‐setting and fast‐setting adhesives for wood

AbstractCondensed tannins, being phenolic in nature, can be chemically modified to undergo reaction with formaldehyde in such a way that the adhesives formed harden at ambient temperature in industrially meaningful times. Resorcinol, m‐hydroxyaniline, and their condensation products with formaldehyde and/or tannin resoles have been used for this purpose. The optimum conditions of application, such as paraformaldehyde amount, pH, and open and close assembly times, were used when comparing the different resins prepared. Results satisfying the requirements of international standard specifications and comparable to those of phenol/resorcinol/formaldehyde cold‐setting resins were obtained.

International Congress for the Testing of Materials

THE New International Association for Testing Materials held its first congress at Zurich on Sept. 6A11. Although this was the first congress of the New International Association, eleven international congresses on the testing of materials have been held in the past. Ten of these were held by the original International Association which was formed more than thirty years ago under the auspices of Tetmayer and Bauschinger. This Association was broken up during the War, but a new International Association was formed at a congress in Amsterdam which had been arranged in September 1927 by the Dutch Association for Testing Materials. The new Association, although it is continuing the most valuable work of its predecessor, differs from it in many important respects, particularly by being a much simpler organisation, which avoids so far as possible the formation of numerous permanent committees, and also by entirely eliminating all questions of international standard specifications.