International Scientific Relations Research Articles

Hungarian Byzantinist Scholar Gyula Moravcsik and Soviet Historical Science

In this article, the connections of Gyula Moravcsik (1892–1972), a great Hungarian Byzantinist, with Soviet historical science are reconstructed. Chronologically, the article is concerned with the period after World War Two, when Hungary fell into the orbit of Soviet political influence. However, the article outlines the origins of the formation of Moravcsik’s contacts and explains the reasons for his interest in the work of Russian scholars, both of which began during the First World War, and then developed in the 1920s and 1930s. This article shows that politics had a direct impact on the dynamics of Moravcsik’s contacts with Soviet scholars; immediately after the end of Second World War, they were curtailed by ideological campaigns in the USSR and the atmosphere of late Stalinism, and only revived during the Thaw. Using specific examples, the main methods of intellectual interaction between Moravcsik and his colleagues from the USSR are demonstrated. The Hungarian scholar provided them with supporting information, helped them to study foreign historiography, and contributed to the publication of works by Soviet scientists in Hungary, and Hungarian works in the USSR. Moravcsik’s work found many favourable responses in the USSR, and he himself closely followed the Soviet scientific literature and published his works in Russian, in particular in the famous review Vizantiiskii Vremennik. The circle of Soviet scholars with whom Moravcsik established the closest and strongest relations are outlined (including Boris Gorianov, Evgenii Kosminskii, Gennadii Litavrin, Nina Pigulevskaya, and Zinaida Udalʹtsova). It is shown that Moravcsik, even during the Cold War, advocated the development of international scientific relations and promoted the achievements of Russian and Soviet Byzantine studies. Moravcsik has always divided science and politics, and therefore the dramatic turns of the history of the twentieth century could not shake his positive and respectful attitude towards Russian historical science. Despite the fact that not all the possibilities of Moravcsik’s cooperation with Soviet scholars were realised, the results of his contributions should be considered successful.

KERJASAMA INDONESIA- MALAYSIA DALAM MENANGANI PEREDARAN NARKOBA DI PERBATASAN

Indonesia and Malaysia have close ties especially in their land borders, making it easier to access buying and selling that occurs between communities on the border. Especially in trade to drug trafficking that occurs in border areas such as the Entikong-Sarawak region. Purchase until delivery of drugs. The circulation of drugs that enter from Malaysia is not only from the waters border, but also from land to air lines. In addition, drug traffickers not only pass through the official flight routes and ports, but drug traffickers entering from Malaysia can also take advantage of unofficial lanes on the land and water borders between Indonesia and Malaysia which have minimal security. The research of this study is to find out, explore and describe the cooperation carried out by the governments of Indonesia and Malaysia in dealing with drug trafficking on the border, especially on the Entikong and Sarawak borders, where the drug smuggling is most often deposited by couriers or which is directly taken by the dealer. By changing the form of drug packaging into a form or stored in another place, which can trick the officers at immigration. This research is expected to be useful to increase the repertoire of the development of international relations science. Furthermore, practically, this research is expected to be useful and useful for decision makers, especially the central and regional governments of the two countries, in addressing drug trafficking and trafficking that occurs on the borders of the two countries, because it will threaten the lives of the two generations. The results of this study are with the cooperation of the two governments which are always discussed in once a year in the General Border Committee forum and cooperation between the institutions of the two countries such as the National Narcotics Agency, Customs, Police and PDRM are expected to help eradicate and reduce circulation and Drug sales that occur in the border areas of the two countries, both in the sea, air, and land. There were successes after Indonesia and Malaysia collaborated in combating drug trafficking as in 2014, Kuching PDRM succeeded in capturing two Indonesian Police officers related to drugs, which in this matter coordinated the POLRI through the West Kalimantan Regional Police with Malaysian PDRM. The collaboration between Indonesia and Malaysia is considered important because the location of the two countries is very close. As well as the two countries have a long coastline, this has the potential to serve as one of the entry points for drug smuggling. Although various prevention efforts have been carried out in the eradication of drugs by the two countries by involving various parties, there are still many obstacles that become obstacles in cooperation between the two countries to be able to minimize the level of drug trafficking and trafficking that occurs in border lanes, whether it's official or unofficial border lines.

EUROPEAN SECURITY AND DEFENSE POLICY

Problem setting. Security issues are importantfor contemporary international relations research, since security has been and remains one of the most important aspects in the functioning of international relations. Ensuring security is seen as an important task for both a state and the international community in the broad sense of the term, in particular for the EU. In today’s context, the problem of information security of the individual, the state and the society is fundamentally relevant as it needs, primarily, a complex reflection, taking into account the realities of the present. In addition, continuous monitoring of the security situation in the information field, the ranking of threats by the degree of influence on national interests, the rational redistribution of forces and the means to neutralize threats are urgently needed.Recent research and publications analysis. Problems of European politics and defense are constantly in the center of attention of Western scientists, first of all Laura Chappell, David J. Galbreath, Jocelyn Mawdsley, Robert McCabe, Hugo Meijer, Deborah Sanders, Ian Speller, Marco Wyss, and others. In the Ukrainian literature, some solutions to this problem are found in Ya. Tymkiv’s manual, in the encyclopedic dictionary-directory «Modern Political Vocabulary», in the Glossary of the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Information Security, articles by Yu. Bytyak and I. Yakovyuk, M. Dmytrenko, E. Nikipelova,O. Poshedin, O. Sosnin and O. Dzioban, M. Trebin which the author of the paper researches and identifies previously unsolved parts of the general problem the article is devoted to.Paper object: to analyze the term «security», to identify the place of security in the European security and defense policy, to characterize the peculiarities of the problem of the Euro-Atlantic security space formation.Paper main body. In the article, based on the conceptualization of the security problem in the aspect of international political issues, the definitions of the security by domestic and foreign scientists are explored. Particular attention is paid to information security, which requires, first of all, a comprehensive understanding of the today’s realities. The evolution of the EU Common Security and Defense Policy, its current interpretation in the EU’s Global Foreign and Security Policy, has been traced. The main security priorities were identified, namely, defense, counter-terrorism, cybersecurity, energy and strategic communications. Special attention is drawn to the problem of creating the Euro-Atlantic security information space, i.e., the space of a dialogue between Ukraine and the NATO, which should accompany the necessary reforms in Ukraine in order to bring it closer to Euro-Atlantic standards.Conclusions of the research. Therefore, in the modern science of international relations there is no definition of security that would satisfy both domestic and foreign scientists. This is explained by the fact that certain components of the security content acquire a certain value or lose it, depending on the internal situation in the country and the international situation. The problem of information security which requires, first of all, a comprehensive understanding of the present realities is ofparticular importance in today’s context.The contours of the EU Common Security and Defense Policy began to be defined in the 1990s, and its current interpretation is reflected in the EU’s Global Foreign and Security Policy, 2016. Defense, counter-terrorism, cybersecurity, energy and strategic communication are the main security priorities. The issue of creating a Euro-Atlantic security space that is the space of a dialogue between Ukraine and the NATO, which should accompany the necessary reforms in Ukraine in order to bring it closer to Euro-Atlantic standards is of utmost importance.

Trade, economic and sanctions wars: an attempt to theoretically differentiate the ideas in the context the international relations science

The research purpose of this article is to attempt to differentiate the concepts and theoretical backgrounds of economic sanctions and trade wars as popular instruments of economic coercion. In the authors’ opinion, such differentiation is critically important for the conceptualization of economic sanctions as a foreign policy instrument kindling the interest of both specialists in international relations and the global and regional international politics practitioners. From a practical perspective, the interest in analyzing this issue is determined by the fact that over the past century, economic sanctions have become one of the key instruments of achieving a state’s foreign policy goals. They are mostly used by developed countries with extensive economic and technological capabilities (e.g. U.S.), which are striving for abatements of their less powerful partners regarding foreign and domestic policy issues. Yet another argument in favour of studying economic sanctions, trade wars and other instruments of economic coercion in the context of the theory of international relations is the possibility to shed more light on the nature of power as the most significant concept of modern political science. A detailed analysis of theoretical discussions about the phenomenon of trade and economic wars compared with economic sanctions allows the authors to outline a set of fundamental differences between these phenomena in the context of modern economic diplomacy.   

Koniec zimnej wojny, transformacja Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej a moc eksplanacyjna i prognostyczna teorii stosunków międzynarodowych

The aim of the article is to show the explanatory and prognostic power of theories of international relations (neorealism, neo-liberal institutionalism and social constructivism) in the situation of visible problems with predicting the end of the Cold War and explaining the democratization process in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and other parts of the world. In the face of significant changes that have influenced the formation of a new post-Cold War international order, it is necessary to consider the importance of the theory in adopting appropriate research strategies so that on the one hand, it is possible to predict the course of events with some degree of probability and on the other, to explain their essence and importance. The end of the Cold War and the process of transforming the countries of Central and Eastern Europe thus pose a general and extremely important question about the possibility of developing a scientific approach to the analysis of international relations, which goes beyond only short-term observation of current events. The article analyzes the most important theoretical approaches in the context of adopting such a research strategy, thanks to which one could depart from the dominance of extreme, mutually exclusive positions. The great debates that have been held so far have shown that wealth in science is not a one-sided approach, even if at some point or time we are dealing with the supremacy of a particular theory or a methodological approach. The fiasco of the science of international relations in predicting the end of the Cold War has shown the necessity of undertaking such activities whose task would be to combine rather than exclude. The end of the Cold War and the transformation process of Central and Eastern Europe are therefore treated as case studies that help in testing the theory of international relations as adequate instruments for analyzing the changing international situation.

International relations in the interpretation of theories of Historical sociology

International affairs specialists turn to historical sociology to explain the world political realities that remain hidden to other theories of international relations. However, in the national scientific tradition, historians, sociologists, and international affairs specialists give it unjustly little attention, despite the fact that the science of international relations is at the intersection of history and sociology. This article intended to compensate to some extent for the lack of information about this most interesting and promising approach to the study of international relations. The author formulates the concept of historical sociology and characterizes three main directions in its development. The first direction gives priority to the explanation of international relations of such factors, as types of power and methods of production. The second direction considers the events of international life through the prism of morality, culture, emotions and other spiritual components. The third direction seeks to unite the first two groups of research approaches within a single explanatory framework.

International Legal Aspect of Scientific (Scientific and Technical) Activity Regulation

The article addresses the main aspects and issues of international legal regulation of scientific and technical activities. The basic content of international legal regulation is revealed and its three-level system is singled out. The main deficiencies in the construction of such a system are determined, in particular, the lack of flexibility regarding its international legal regulation. This strips many forms and methods for the implementation of international scientific relations of the adequate legal support level. The major theoretical views on the processes of international legal regulation of scientific and technical activity are reflected. An estimation of the international economic law impact on the formation process of international legal acts system in the field of scientific and technical cooperation is executed. The possibility of differentiating such a bulk of international legal acts into a separate branch of international law is investigated. A special attention is paid to the study of the regional level of international legal regulation of scientific and technical activities. The main deficiencies and advantages of such regulation are highlighted. The necessity of the large-scale involvement of non-governmental international organizations in this process was emphasized. This will provide a new vision on the perspective for the development of international scientific and technical cooperation and its international legal regulation. The existence of a stable viewpoint regarding the necessity of considering international legal acts in the sphere of scientific and technical cooperation as a means of stimulating the competitive advantages of individual states is revealed. The standpoint regarding the opinion that such cooperation can be used as an instrument of pressure from the more developed countries to emerging economies is explored. The necessity of expanding the possibilities of international legal regulation of scientific and technical activity is substantiated.

The International Research Council and Its Unions: 1919-1931

AbstractIUPAC was a product of a restructuring of world science that took place immediately after the Great War. In a series of three conferences in London, Paris, and Brussels between October 1918 and July 1919, delegations from twelve allied nations established a new body, the International Research Council (IRC), that was to control international relations in science through subsidiary unions for the various scientific disciplines until a review of the statutes planned for 1931. Four of these unions were established at the Brussels conference, among them IUPAC.

Становление и развитие международных научных связей Приенисейской Сибири в последней трети XIX в.

Становление и развитие международных научных связей Приенисейской Сибири в последней трети XIX в.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИКЛАДАННЯ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ «МЕДИЧНА ТА БІОЛОГІЧНА ФІЗИКА» ІНОЗЕМНИМ СТУДЕНТАМ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЮ МОВОЮ У ВИЩОМУ МЕДИЧНОМУ НАВЧАЛЬНОМУ ЗАКЛАДІ

The article deals with the peculiarities of the teaching of the discipline "Medical and Biological Physics" to foreign students in the English language of the highest state educational institution of Ukraine "Bukovinsky State Medical University". Expansion of international relations in science and the world is one of the main manifestations of Ukraine's integration into the world of information space, impossible without a language that has long become international - the English language. A significant number of modern scholars actively study the features of methods of training foreign students, including in the direction of physics and mathematics. However, attention is not paid to the study of specific features of teaching these disciplines to foreign students. Problemrequirements of Ukrainian higher education, with their status as a foreigner in Ukraine, with the features of age psychology, with their national-psychological peculiarities. The purpose of teaching physical and mathematical disciplines, in particular, medical and biological physics, of course, should be the close connection between a physical phenomenon or a process with its application in medicine for the purpose of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases. To facilitate perception and understanding of physical phenomena or processes, it is expedient to use demonstration physical models, to perform laboratory work with the processing of measurement results and to formulate conclusions. Particularly important for foreign students is the availability of English-language textbooks that correspond to the curriculum of the discipline according to the number of academic hours covering topics from lectures and practical classes. Due to the constant increase in the number of foreign students studying in English, the necessary condition is to provide a well-prepared teaching and learning material that would cover the theoretical foundations and practical skills in discipline, in particular, the physical and mathematical direction, and ensure close communication with it, with future professional activities of students.s of foreign students at the adaptation stage are related to the new

TRAINING OF SCIENTISTS WITH HIGHER QUALIFICATIONS IN HISTORICAL SCIENCES AT SAMARA UNIVERSITY

The authors aimed to reveal the role of historians of Samara (Kuibyshev) University in the training of highly qualified scientists in the field of historical sciences (candidates and doctors of historical sciences) for higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation and the Samara Region. The formation of a system of training highly qualified scientists at Samara university is traced in the context of large-scale changes in Russian historical science, which affected the choice of subjects and methodology of theses, as well as the establishing of international scientific relations. The study is based on the materials from reports on the activities of Samara State University, reference and anniversary editions, as well as on ego-sources, i.e., on memoirs and interviews with university professors. The authors examine the formation of the teaching staff of historical departments, highlight the key stages in the development of postgraduate school and doctorate at the university, the creation and reprofiling of the dissertation council on history. The article contains the data on the dynamics of defenses of the candidate and doctoral theses in history at the Dissertation Council of Samara (Kuibyshev) University. The authors identify the main areas of training of scientists, characterize the scientific schools that were formed at the historical faculty of Samara University and have received recognition from the Russian scientific community. Based on the study, the authors identify the most important stages in the training of highly qualified scientists and the main generations of historians at Samara (Kuibyshev) University from the 1970-ies to the present.

George Ellery Hale’s Internationalism

AbstractThroughout his career, George Ellery Hale thought globally. “Make no small plans” he was often heard to say (Seares 1939). His early sojourns to Europe, encountering the talent and resources in England and the Continent, contributed to his outlook. He knew that their patronage was critical to reach his personal goals. Here I outline the steps Hale took to establish the new “astrophysics” as a discipline, by creating the Astrophysical Journal, establishing a common language and then, through the first decades of the 20th Century, building an international collaboration to coordinate solar and later all astronomical research. The latter effort, which began in 1904, had expanded by 1910 to encompass stellar astronomy, when the Solar Union deliberated over spectroscopic classification systems, a standard wavelength system and stellar magnitude systems. This work continued through the fifth Union meeting in Bonn in 1913, which turned out to be the last because of the First World War. During the war, Hale became Chair of the National Research Council of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, applying scientific talent to winning the war. He was also the Academy’s Foreign Secretary, so Hale became deeply involved in re-establishing international scientific relations after the war. In conjunction with Arthur Schuster and Emile Picard, he helped found the International Research Council in 1919, which formed the framework within which the worlds of science reorganized themselves. From this, the International Astronomical Union was born. It was not an easy birth in a world still filled with tension and anger over the war; formative conferences in London and Brussels reflected the extremes. Nevertheless, its first General Assembly was held in Rome in 1922. It would be years before it became truly international, “in the complete sense of the word” (Elis Strömgren), but many of the proposals made during the years of the Solar Union concerning disciplinary standardization were ratified. I will concentrate on this latter story, remembering Hale for his devotion to true internationalism.

Życie międzynarodowe rzeczy. Przedmioty luksusu i codziennego użytku w społecznej historii stosunków międzynarodowych

The paper discusses the potential of objects, broadly understood luxury ‘items’ and necessities, in order to present uneven and combined development as the foundation of the social history of international relations. The author evidences that this approach to ‘objects’ allows us to achieve, at the very least, the following: (1) to observe the single social world which emerges after the division into ‘internal’ and ‘international’ is rejected; (2) to ‘touch’ the international outside the realm that the science of international relations usually associates with international politics; (3) to examine the social history of international relations, abandoning the approach that dominates in traditional historiography where production processes are privileged over consumption processes; (4) to demonstrate how human activities create internationalism. Discussing apparently different processes related to the international life of broadly understood ‘objects’, such as African giraffes, Kashmiri shawls, silk, the importance of English items for the inhabitants of Mutsamudu, or the opera Madame Butterfly the author identifies similar patterns which, although sometimes concealed, demonstrate the consequences of uneven and combined development for the social history of international relations. Prestige goods express affluence, success and power. They are usually objects manufactured from imported raw materials or materials, with limited distribution, which require a significant amount of labor or advanced technology to create. In contrast to everyday necessities, owing to their high value, prestige goods are exchanged over long distances through networks established by the elite. The analysis of manufacturing, exchange and social contexts related to prestige goods constitutes a significant source for understanding the social history of international relations. The examples in the paper present control over these goods as a source of political power. The control of raw materials, production and distribution of prestige goods is perceived as key to maintaining hierarchical social systems. Objects are inescapably related to ideas and practices. Uneven and combined development leads to meetings between people and objects, either opening or closing the space, allowing for their transfer and domestication, or rejection and destruction respectively. Concentration on the analyses of objects outside of modernization models or comparisons between civilizations and the conscious narrowing of perspective offers a tool with a heuristic potential which is interesting in the context of international relations. Comparative observation of objects (‘single’ elements of reality) via cultures undergoing uneven and combined development protects us from historiographic western exceptionalism. It also shows that the division between the ‘internal’ and ‘international’ unjustifiably splits the social world and makes it impossible to understand.

System międzynarodowy jako kategoria w nauce o stosunkach międzynarodowych

<p>Celem artykułu jest analiza kategorii systemu międzynarodowego w nauce o stosunkach międzynarodowych. Autor omawia pojęcie systemu, następnie różnorodne definicje systemu międzynarodowego, jego główne części, klasyfikację systemów międzynarodowych oraz kategorię systemu międzynarodowego w ujęciu głównych paradygmatów teorii stosunków międzynarodowych: behawioralnego, realistycznego, liberalnego i konstruktywistycznego. Generalną konkluzją autora jest stwierdzenie, że system międzynarodowy wciąż pozostaje kluczową kategorią w nauce o stosunkach międzynarodowych.</p>

REFERENDUM BREXIT DAN KEMBALI MENGEMUKANYA KEDAULATAN NEGARA SERTA DAMPAKNYA BAGI DUNIA DAN INDONESIA

<p>This article attempts to explain the Brexit phenomenon from the standpoint of international relations. The Brexit referendum is a milestone of the UK that decide to leave from the European Union, which has never been a member country that came out before, of course, provide a very spacious negative and positive impacts for the England, the United Kingdom and of course the rest of the World. England’s choice to withdraw from membership in the European Union of course should be respected, but if the terms of the International Relations science it can be interpreted as a discovery of meaning back from the perspective of realism that has long been considered obsolete and is currently the England prefer to give priority to the country's sovereignty.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Brexit, Referendum, Sovereignty</p>

REFERENDUM BREXIT DAN KEMBALI MENGEMUKANYA KEDAULATAN NEGARA SERTA DAMPAKNYA BAGI DUNIA DAN INDONESIA

This article attempts to explain the Brexit phenomenon from the standpoint of international relations. The Brexit referendum is a milestone of the UK that decide to leave from the European Union, which has never been a member country that came out before, of course, provide a very spacious negative and positive impacts for the England, the United Kingdom and of course the rest of the World. England’s choice to withdraw from membership in the European Union of course should be respected, but if the terms of the International Relations science it can be interpreted as a discovery of meaning back from the perspective of realism that has long been considered obsolete and is currently the England prefer to give priority to the country's sovereignty. Keywords : Brexit, Referendum, Sovereignty

On understanding the non-alignment in Yugoslav theorisation of international relations

The paper contributes to the historiography of the domestic science of International Relations, observed through its processing of the nonalignment in the socialist Yugoslavia period. The author has analysed the relevant academic literature that deals with the nonalignment as a concept, a movement and an interplay of social relations. Initially, the paper presents a short sketch of the development of the science of International Relation within Yugoslav social sciences, and then the development of the part of the IR science that had nonalignment as its object. The author has shown the strong threads of the Marxist approach to the International Relations in the analyses of the nonaligned movement and its genesis, but also flexibility and eclecticism in the analyses of various related topics. The author has also displayed a wide focus of such a science on the analysis of the role of internal factors in defining the foreign policy and of the importance given to the historical experience and subjectivity in action, which are characteristics of more contemporary theories like constructivism and liberalism. In that sense, the author concludes the theoretical production of that era should be evaluated in more detail, in light of the actual state of play in the science of International Relations.

International problems and the research on process of the European integration from the establishment of the communities to the single European act

Based on research topics that have been discussed in the context related to the European integration in the journal International Problems in the period 1949-1990, the aim of this paper is to consider the extent to which the Yugoslav science of international relations followed this process. The main thesis is that domestic science has studied all relevant aspects of the integration process and has kept up with the times and the key theoretical frameworks. After World War II, the focus was on the economic and political situation of the Western European countries, their interests, as well as the security context in which were launched the first integration initiatives: the German issue, the Marshall Plan, the Cold war and bipolar world, the process of decolonisation, the failure of the European Defense Community and the establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community, the European Economic Community and EURATOM. At the beginning of the 60s of the 20th century, great attention was devoted to the study of regional integration in general and its models, as well as the expected effects. Along with the slowdown in the European integration process in the late 60s and throughout the 70s, the attention of researchers gradually shifted to individual policies and initiatives of the European Economic Community: the Common Agricultural Policy, development of regional policy, association agreements, the Mediterranean policy, initiatives in the field of monetary integration. The 80s of the last century were dominated by themes that marked this decade in the process of European integration: factors for change in the European Economic Community, the initiatives for reform of the Treaty, the Mediterranean enlargement, the Single European Act, the program for completing the internal market, changes in the social policy of the Community and measures to promote technological development and strategy for the industry. Along with it, the focus was on the relationship between the United States and the Western European countries, East-West relations and relations of Yugoslavia with the Community.

Main theoretical approaches to a concept evolution research international security

A lot of scientific papers are devoted to the issue of international security. At the same time, there are almost no works devoted precisely to the tools of the methodology of studying the concept of international security at the present stage of evolution in the scientific discussions, that greatly reduces the effectiveness of the research process. The subject matter of the article is selection of the main theoretical approaches to the study of the evolution of the concept of ‘international security’. The goal is to analyze the latest approaches to the evolution of the concept of ‘international security’ and the methodology of its study in the modern international political science. The objective is to study the main stages of the evolution of the flagship theoretical approaches to the definition of international security and the methodology of its study. Common scientific methods are used: the historical approach – in identifying the main stages of the development of the concept of ‘international security’ in the political science, generalization and retrospective analysis – in the study of the methodology of this concept in modern political science. The following results are obtained: general methodological approaches to the definition and study of international security are summarized, the main principles of its system formation, models and mechanisms of provision are outlined. The newest methodical approaches to the scientific analysis of this concept are analyzed. The author specifically discloses the modern threats that have arisen in the conditions of security at global and regional levels and that are caused by the planetary problems of the international political process, such as globalization processes, global humanity problems, transnational terrorism, etc. Conclusions: there is a large number of new theoretical trends that enter into controversy with the classical ones concerning the possibilities and methodology of knowledge of contemporary challenges of international security in modern political science of international relations. At the same time, the analyzed approaches determine the current understanding, the content and essence of international security in all its manifestations from the formation of the national interests of individual states in this area to the practical mechanisms of the functioning of the global system of international security. The effective functioning of the collective security mechanism is an integral part of international security. This problem is extremely relevant and can become the subject of separate expert discussions and studies in the field of international relations.

ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION OF FORENSIC-EXPERT ACTIVITY: THE INTERNATIONAL ASPECT

Issues of international cooperation in the field offorensic expert activity are always relevant both for judicial power in general and for itself. The importance of such cooperation has increased in connection with the reform of political, economic, social and law enforcement systems in Ukraine. The main reasons for the need of international forensic- expert cooperation are the integration and globalization of international scientific relations and the implementation of its results in its own legislative and other bases. The issues of international forensic-expert cooperation have found their reflection in the international treaties in the field of expert activity with European countries, countries of the near and far east. These agreements define the procedure for calling experts abroad, give guarantees for the protection of experts, provide the right of the expert to reimburse travel and stay costs, as well as the right to payfor the work done. An urgent issue of international cooperation of Ukrainian expert institutions in the field of forensic expert activity is the entrance to the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI). Since 2002, the State Research Expert-criminalistic Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine is a full member of ENFSI. To date, two expert institutions of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine are members of the ENFSI - it’s the Hon. Prof. M. S. Bokarius Kharkiv Research Institute of Forensic Examinations and Kiyiv Research Institute of Forensic Examinations. International cooperation in the field of forensic-expert activity in Ukraine is a dynamically developing system that meets the interests of not only forensic experts, but also all the subjects ofpublic and political life. Integration of international standards into the nationalforensic- expert activity is conditioned by the development of innovative expert methods and techniques, which, in their turn, enhance the prestige and professionalism of Ukrainian expert institutions.