International Operations Research Articles

SİHA’ların Muharebe Etkinliğini Artırmak: Kapsamlı Askeri ve Teknolojik Sistemlere Entegrasyon İçin Alternatif Bir Analiz

While the use of armed unmanned aerial vehicles in both international military operations and internal security operations has been increasing in recent years, debates on the role of armed unmanned aerial vehicles in the international relations literature remain limited. While some experts consider armed unmanned aerial vehicle technology as a groundbreaking or game-changing development, others argue that the impact of this technological development is limited. This study presents an alternative assessment and new suggestions for increasing the effectiveness of armed unmanned aerial vehicles in conflict zones without positioning this study on any side of the ongoing debate in the literature. This study argues that armed drones should be supported by skilled military experts and modern military and electronic systems in order to make them more effective in conflicts. In order to test the accuracy of this hypothesis, this study examines Türkiye’s intervention in the Libyan Civil War, Türkiye’s Operation Spring Shield in Syria’s Idlib province, and Türkiye’s cooperation with Azerbaijan in the 44-day Patriotic War as case studies. Ultimately, the case studies uphold the hypothesis that the deployment of skilled military experts and modern military and electronic systems to support drones in combat increases their effectiveness.

International trade and investment: A review and research agenda

AbstractInternational trade and investment have always been an epicenter of research, and with the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, a surge in the publication of review articles focusing on different facets of trade and investment has been observed, but a comprehensive retrospective review of international trade and investment remains scarce. To address this gap, a systematic literature review of 30 articles published in A* and A ranked journals, along with performance analysis and science mapping of 720 articles retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science databases using bibliometric analysis is done. Considering the dynamic nature of international trade and investment, the relationship between export policies and international trade influences the global landscape, which fosters mutually beneficial relationships leading to economic cooperation. Capitalizing on opportunities and mitigating risks associated with international investment is crucial for maintaining sustainable international business operations. Through these interconnected relationships, the research contributes to the understanding of the interdependent forces shaping the global economic paradigm in a unified manner. Moreover, the study provides future research directions and questions which are culled from the analysis and offer potential advancements in the field of international trade and investment.

Oil and Gas Production, Exports and Imports as Critical Business Internationalization Operations for companies in Globalization: An Analytical Approach

Oil and Gas Production, Exports and Imports as Critical Business Internationalization Operations for companies in Globalization: An Analytical Approach

Measuring Effectiveness of Islamic Studies Distance Education in The Digital Era at The International Open University (IOU) Indonesia

International Open University (IOU) is an international accredited campus that created new breakthrough by offering the concept of distance education since its inception. IOU is a pioneer in implementing distance learning with a concentration on Islamic Studies through digital media. Entering Indonesia as the country with the largest Muslim population, IOU opened a special Indonesian language program. This study is a form of Measures of Effectiveness (MOE) of Islamic Studies distance education through digitalization at the IOU Indonesia. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data collection techniques used were observations, interviews, and literature review. The results of the study concluded that IOU Indonesia in some cases has its own independent program, but in general it is based on the central that has all the components of distance education through digitalization except for controls for students or graduates. IOU Indonesia also fulfills the basic principles of learning Islamic Studies.

On the issue of contour transformation of international settlements in the context of increasing geopolitical risks and fragmentation of the global financial and economic area

Subject. Given the increasing geopolitical risks, new approaches are needed to organize the contour of the international payment system, which ensures safety and reliability of international settlements Objectives. The article aims to assess the approaches of the Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems to creating models of international payment systems, propose a model for organization of international settlements for the Russian Federation, identify the specifics of the existing models of national payment systems of the Russian Federation and PRC for organization of interaction within the framework of the international payment system, evaluate prospects for joining the international payment system of other BRICS countries. Methods. The study employs general scientific methods. Results. Based on the specifics of restrictions on international operations of residents of the Russian Federation, the optimal solution to the problem is to create a closed international payment system on the basis of the payment system of the Bank of Russia, and gradually connect payment service providers from friendly jurisdictions to it, the most promising of which is the Chinese payment system CIPS. Creating a separate international payment system based on Peer-to-Peer type payment infrastructures, using digital currencies of central banks of BRICS countries is a promising model of the organization of international settlements. Conclusions. Building a closed international payment system on the basis of the Bank of Russia's payment system will enable to significantly overcome the existing problems, provide Russian companies and banks with a reliable and safe settlement mechanism for foreign trade and financial transactions.

Endoscopy International Open – recently published

Endoscopy International Open – recently published

Military veterans’ perception of quality of care following international operations

Military veterans’ perception of quality of care following international operations

The Differences between Alibaba's Domestic and Overseas Operations

Alibaba, the largest e-commerce enterprise in China, has a significant global influence beyond its domestic operations. The company's efficiency is mainly attributed to its extensive technology and logistics infrastructure which facilitates the association of a multitude of suppliers and clients. Alibaba's globalization strategy promotes the world economy and enhances global trade through efficient business tools. The company's domestic and international operations differ for several reasons, such as market conditions, consumer behavior, industry competitiveness, cultural disparities, and legal constraints. Alibaba possesses a strong business model and significant experience within the local market; nevertheless, it requires adjusting its tactics and business models to address the diverse obstacles and opportunities present in the international market. The differences between Alibaba's domestic and overseas operations arise due to varying market environments, cultural disparities, industry competition, legal constraints, and diverse consumer behaviors. However, it encounters intense rivalry from domestic firms and a challenging business environment in foreign markets, particularly in the West. In light of these challenges, it is imperative to innovate and adapt the business model while comprehending and accommodating the local norms and regulations, and to tailor fitting strategies and business models to cater to varying consumer demands.

Analysis of the spatial correlation pattern of logistics carbon emission efficiency and its influencing factors: the case of China.

As logistics carbon emission efficiency is an essential industry linking regions, investigating this issue from a spatial correlation perspective is practically significant. Utilizing data from 282 prefecture-level cities spanning 2006 to 2019, we used a super slacks-based measure model, a modified gravity model, motif analysis, the Infomap algorithm, and an exponential random graph model to analyze the spatial correlation patterns and influencing factors of logistics carbon emission efficiency. The following conclusions were drawn. (1) The spatial correlation of logistics carbon emission efficiency during the study period exhibited a core-edge pattern, with the central region emerging as a high-correlation hub. (2) The scale of the spatial association network community of carbon emission efficiency in the logistics industry changed constantly, and the stability of the network community structure gradually increased. From a microstructural perspective, the dispersed-mode structure was a pivotal element in the formation of the spatial correlation network of logistics carbon emission efficiency. (3) Node interaction tendencies were a critical force driving network formation. Financial investment, government concern, international openness, population density, and innovation ability were conducive to the formation of spatial correlations of logistics carbon emission efficiency.

Researchers’ views on and practices of knowledge translation: an international survey of transfusion medicine researchers

BackgroundHealth research is often driven by the desire to improve the care and health of the community; however, the translation of research evidence into policy and practice is not guaranteed. Knowledge translation (KT) activities, such as dissemination and end-user engagement by researchers, are important to achieving this goal. This study examined researchers’ views on and practices of KT in the field of transfusion medicine.MethodsAn anonymous, cross-sectional survey was distributed to transfusion medicine researchers in May 2022 by emailing corresponding authors of papers in four major blood journals, emailing grant recipients, posting on social media, and through international blood operator networks. Comparative analyses were conducted for career stage, work setting, research type, and KT training.ResultsThe final sample included 117 researchers from 33 countries. Most participants reported that research translation was important (86%) and felt it was their responsibility (69%). Fewer than half felt they had the skills to translate their research (45%) or knew which strategies to employ (45%). When examining how research findings are shared, most reported using diffusion activities (86%), including publishing in peer-reviewed journals (74%), or presenting at academic conferences (72%). Fewer used dissemination methods (60%), such as developing educational materials (29%) or writing plain language summaries (30%). Greater use of tailored dissemination strategies was seen among researchers with KT training, whilst traditional diffusion strategies were used more by those working in an academic setting. Most participants had engaged end-users in their research (72%), primarily to consult on a research component (47%) or to involve them in the research process (45%). End-user engagement was greater among researchers with established careers, working in both academic and applied settings, and with KT training.ConclusionsWhilst participating researchers acknowledged the importance of KT, they typically focused on traditional diffusion strategies. This is despite well-established knowledge of the limited impact of these strategies in achieving KT. Those with KT training were more likely to use tailored dissemination strategies and engage end-users in their research. This demonstrates the value of sharing knowledge from the KT field with health researchers to facilitate KT.

The Evolution Path and Impact Mechanism of the Vulnerability of Rural Human Settlements in China under the Background of Globalization

Development in the rural environment is a key pillar motivating international organizations' functions and operations. The development in this area falls under the 2030 Agenda of Sustainable Development of the UN. Rural development and factors such as culture might be utilized to achieve such agenda and improve populations living in conditions. The current study was literature systemic reviewing the evolution path and the impact mechanism on the issue of rural human settlement. Results in the current study showed that natural ecosystems, socioeconomic systems, facilities, and service systems all follow one of seven general evolution paths. Terrain and ecology, climate change and catastrophe, the agricultural and rural economy, population increase, and other factors all contribute to disruption. Policy, technology, and the habits of individual households inform the development of action plans. Every evolutionary outcome has both fragile and hardy features. The government and individual families took measures to lower vulnerability and increase resilience by concentrating on the actual problem of the rural human settlements system. Further, the study observed that the effects of rural human settlements on rural development occur in a systematic way. These changes, most obviously seen in the form of new and improved rural human settlement projects, have the potential to affect many facets of the human settlement system as a whole, making it cleaner, more practical, more harmonic, and generally more pleasant places to live. These benefits will have a multiplicative impact on the health, wealth, and happiness of rural residents; the efficiency, modernity, and prosperity of rural businesses; and the quality of life in rural areas.

Untangling the Influence of Corporate Sustainability on Export Intensity: The Moderating Role of R&D Intensity

Growing global environmental and social issues have imposed increased pressure on firms to address sustainability challenges in international markets, with a particular focus on improving their export performance. This is of significant importance for emerging market firms aiming to expand their presence in international markets, as they are compelled to bolster their environmental and social sustainability capacity to enhance their export intensity. This study delves into the relationship between corporate sustainability and export intensity through a longitudinal examination of 141 firms listed on Borsa Istanbul from 2014 to 2021. The results suggest that corporate sustainability positively influences export intensity, and this influence is further positively moderated by research and development (R&D) intensity. Additionally, post hoc analysis employing supplementary data pertaining to the environmental, social, and governance dimensions of corporate sustainability reveals that environmental performance plays a positive role in shaping export intensity, with R&D intensity positively moderating this relationship. In summary, the findings underscore that exporting firms that effectively integrate impactful R&D intensity into their international business operations are likely to harness their sustainability strategies, particularly those related to the natural environment, to achieve higher export intensity.

Manajemen Operasi Internasional

Operations management is a series of activities that a company uses to convert a variety of input ( raw materials, labor, etc.) into end products and services. Operations Management relates to the production of goods and services, and the output of the abundant production of Goods and Services is under the coordination and supervision of the operations manager. International operations management refers to the activities related to the transformation of an international company. Operations management is also closely linked to quality, productivity, and information technology. A company determines how input is transformed into goods or services. Correctly designed and operating systems are successful and procedures play a major role in determining product quality and productivity. The aim of this research is to find out how management on international operations. The method used is the library study method. This article is about managing international operations. Operations management is a series of activities that a company uses to convert a variety of input ( raw materials, labor, etc.) into end products and services. Operations Management relates to the production of goods and services, and the output of the abundant production of Goods and Services is under the coordination and supervision of the operations manager. The primary role of operations management is to create potential for achieving maximum value for the company. In other words, operation management is an activity to provide added value that is meant to create or add new value to the input of the organization in a way that directly affects the output.

Staycation tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global tourism meant local communities in tourist destinations had to act to minimise detrimental influences. Researching the perceptions of locals towards tourism operations could provide insights into what communities might do to address the restrictions preventing the coronovirus imposed on international tourism operations. This research in Ho Chi Minh City assessed risk perception when residents participate in tourism activities. The findings reveal that: local participation levels are associated with risk perceptions in collaborations between communities and organisations and with attitudes towards taking vacations at home (referred to as “staycation”); there is a discernible relationship between collaboration and attitudes about staycation during the pandemic; and ideas of staycation and collaboration can have a positive impact in local tourism development. These results help us tackle the challenges of sustainable development, strategic planning, local management and future resilience in tourism operations during and after the pandemic.

Network analysis in peace and state building: revealing power elites

Abstract This paper examines the potential role of network analysis in understanding the powerful elites that pose a significant threat to peace and state-building within post-conflict contexts. This paper makes a threefold contribution. First, it identifies a caveat in the scholarship surrounding international interventions, shedding light on shortcomings in their design and implementation strategies, and elucidating the influence these elites wield in the political and economic realms. Next, it delineates the essentials of the network analysis approach, addressing the information and data requirements and limitations inherent in its application in conflict environments. Finally, the paper provides valuable insights gleaned from the international operation in Guatemala known as the International Commission for Impunity in Guatemala, which specifically targeted illicit networks. The argument asserts that network analysis functions as a dual-purpose tool—serving as both a descriptive instrument to reveal, identify, and address the root causes of conflict and a predictive tool to enhance peace agreement implementation and improve decision-making. Simultaneously, it underscores the challenge of data analysis and translating network interventions into tangible real-life consequences for long-lasting results.

Sustainable and resilient strategies for entering international markets for Russian manufacturing companies based on digital platform interactions

The focus of the article is the problem of forming sustainable and resilient (including in the face of external restrictions) strategies for entering international markets for Russian manufacturing companies based on mechanisms of platform interactions, taking into account the fact that in the current conditions of the platform economy, value creation is the result of a new combination of information, physical products and real services provided by various types of complementors. Based on a theoretical review and interviews with a focus group of 23 representatives of Russian manufacturing companies responsible for business development, strategy, IT systems, participation in platforms and digital transformation, the study suggests a typology of internationalization strategies. This typology of strategies for entering international markets for Russian manufacturing companies is proposed based on platform models of interactions to ensure long-term sustainability and resilience. For each of the seven types of strategies, a brief description of the focus and scope of applicability is provided. The author emphasizes the significance of helping manufacturers to understand digital platforms in more details, especially in how they can lead to better flexibility of international production and supply operations.

"It's my calling", Canadian dog rescuers' motives and experiences for engaging in international dog rescue efforts.

The importation of rescue dogs has become an increasingly common occurrence in recent years, often involving industrialized countries as the ultimate destination. However, international dog rescue activities have attracted considerable criticism from the veterinary community and the public due to the associated zoonotic disease and public health risks, as well as the potential poor behaviour of international rescue dogs. The Government of Canada has also recently placed a temporary suspension on all commercial dog imports from non-rabies free countries due to the growing concerns of the zoonotic disease risks. To understand the perspectives and experiences of stakeholders involved in dog import activities in Canada, we interviewed nine members in leadership positions of Canadian-based international dog rescue organizations. Thematic analysis of interview dialogue yielded three themes: 1) Motive, which described the reason behind participants' involvement in international dog rescue; 2) Challenge, which described the major difficulties faced in participants' dog rescue work; 3) Duty, which described participants' beliefs on responsible dog rescue practices. Members of international dog rescue organizations described being driven by strong desires to provide animal and humanitarian aid. However, local dog rescue efforts were constrained by logistical and societal barriers unique to the Canadian context. Additionally, the current study revealed both similarities and differences in occupational experiences between international dog rescue organizations and other animal care professions. Specifically, difficulties with the emotional burden associated with caregiving professions was also present within dog rescue work. However, international dog rescue members also experienced additional challenges due to the stigma surrounding international dog rescue operations. Further research on attitudes held by other stakeholders involved in dog import activities, as well as members of Canadian communities needing dog rescue aid may provide meaningful inputs on how to better support and facilitate local and international dog rescue efforts.

ДЕТСКИЕ РАССКАЗЫ МАКСИМА ГОРЬКОГО В ИЛЛЮСТРАЦИЯХ ИТАЛЬЯНСКОГО ХУДОЖНИКА БРУНО АНГОЛЕТТА (ИЗ ИСТОРИИ ЖУРНАЛА «ПРИМАВЕРА», 1911–1914)

The article examines Maxim Gorky’s contribution to the first Italian children’s monthly magazine Primavera (1911–1914). Founded and directed by the brothers Guido and Vittorio Podrecca, this magazine was characterized by captivating graphics, a refined artistic and literary taste, and an unusual international openness. Translations of numerous foreign literary works appeared within its pages. Among these, Russian literature played a significant role, thanks in part to the direct involvement of Maxim Gorky, who, from his exile in Capri, looked with sympathy at the Podrecca magazine. From 1911 to 1913 four stories by Gorky were published in Italian translation on the pages of Primavera, richly illustrated by the artist Bruno Angoletta: “Music” (Musica, 1911), “Under the Midday Sun” (Al sole del mezzogiorno, 1912), “The Little Sparrow” (Il passerotto, 1913), and “A Tragic Childhood” (Un’infanzia tragica, 1913). Gorky’s collaboration with Primavera serves as an example of cultural transfer accompanying the translation and publication of foreign literature. The article assesses how the socialist orientation of the magazine, the practice of translation, and the visual interpretation by the illustrator engaged in a dialogue with the original text, sometimes enhancing its significance and at other times offering new interpretive possibilities.

Enhanced routing strategy of wireless sensor network based on fifth generation communication technology

5G, or Fifth Generation Innovation refers to the most recent version of handheld devices communication in the field of wireless communication. Assessments pertaining to the subject of wireless communication are provided in this particular piece of writing. At each stage of progress, a variety of obstacles had to be overcome, but with the assistance of contemporary wireless networks, those obstacles were conquered. When compared to all of the other wireless networks that have come before it, 5G is the only one that offers a capability for high-speed internet access anytime, wherever, and to anybody. 5G is a little bit different owing to the fact that it has certain innovative functions, such as managing gadgets, materials and processes as well as networking individuals. The 5G wireless network will deliver varying degrees of performance and capabilities, which will result in new user experiences and the connection of new businesses. Compliantly providing service-customized communications to a broad range of services via interconnected internet reserves and aerial/wired networking assets, which may be offered by different infrastructure suppliers and/or operators, will be one of the primary goals for subsequent 5G wireless networks. This will be accomplished as one of the basic goals of prospective 5G wireless networks. Recent years have seen the launch of a number of research works and initiatives aimed at laying the groundwork for the technological foundation of 5G mobile communications. These endeavors involve major mobile infrastructure manufacturers, academic institutions, and international mobile network operators. However, the 5G mobile services that will be made accessible for usage, as well as their design and performance, have not been explicated in a clear and concise manner. In this article, we offer a comprehensive review of 5G, the wireless communication system that will replace 4G in the near future.

Comparative Research on the Internationalized Business Strategies of China and U.S. Multinational E-commerce Companies

This paper conducts comparative research on the internationalized business strategies of Chinese and U.S. multinational technology companies, with a specific focus on E-commerce. It begins by examining the global macroeconomic context, including features of the world economy and the opportunities and challenges faced by multinational tech companies in their international operations. It then assesses the global competitiveness of Chinese and U.S. e-commerce industries through international market share analysis, trade competitiveness indices, and revealed comparative advantage indices. Subsequently, a comparative analysis is conducted for two multinational tech giants, Alibaba and Amazon, considering their management capabilities, financial performance, investment outcomes, and growth potential. The aim of this paper is to enhance understanding of the internationalization strategies of Chinese and American e-commerce firms, their competitive standings, and provide insights for future international business decisions in the e-commerce sector.