International Leadership Research Articles

UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF CASE-IN-POINT COURSES IN GRADUATE LEADERSHIP PROGRAMS

There exists a variety of programs designed to prepare future leaders. In the arena of graduate programs in leadership, the International Leadership Association (2020) provides over 350 programs in their database. Guthrie and Jenkins (2018) have outlined dozens of strategies for leadership education that are utilized in degree programs. As such, there exists a need for informed choices when experiential learning pedagogies are incorporated in leadership education curriculum. One methodology, known as case-in-point, was designed at the Harvard Kennedy School to teach adaptive leadership (Heifetz & Linsky, 2017). There lacks empirical research in demonstrating the effectiveness and impact of case-in-point pedagogy. This qualitative study explored the perceived impact of 12 alumni who took a case-in-point course embedded in a leadership master’s program across a decade. Alumni’s retrospective experiences were collected to understand the impact the course had on them during the time they were in their leadership program and the impact of the learning for their professional lives. Key themes that emerged from the participants included increased levels of awareness in race and power dynamics, an increased use of self-as-instrument, awareness of relationships to authority, and shifts in views of leadership. All participants viewed the case-in point pedagogy as powerful or positive after having graduated from the program despite many recollections of mixed or negative experiences during their time in the course/s. Implications of the findings suggest important considerations relating to scaffolding and proper processing to enhance or improve outcomes for case-in-point pedagogy designed to enhance leadership ability.

Society Awards 2021.

Society Awards 2021.

Editorial

Editorial

Cooperation Regimes and Hegemonic Struggle: Opportunities and Challenges for Developing Countries

There is an increasing convergence in the international relations literature around the idea that changes in the world economy during the last decades are reshaping the international order; although the outcome of such a reconfiguration is yet unclear, many scholars argue that a dispute over global hegemony is already underway. At the same time, drawing on realist and neorealist approaches, international cooperation can be seen as a means to gain legitimacy and tighten alliances. In this framework, this article analyses three cooperation regimes as terrains of dispute to expand—or maintain—international leadership. The first, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Agenda, reflects mainly the attempt to maintain the legitimacy of the United Nations system and the multilateral institutions that make up the traditional cooperation regime. This framework still responds to Western interests, despite China’s efforts to contest and contain US influence. The second, South–South cooperation, wrapped up in the rhetoric of horizontality and common challenges, is the privileged terrain of middle powers and emerging countries, aiming at increasing regional influence. Finally, the third scheme, International Cooperation for Structural Transformation, is China’s new development doctrine and the fulcrum of its struggle to promote itself as a successful new model for global development. In my conclusions I reflect on the opportunities that the co-existence of different regimes offers for developing countries, as well as the challenges that they continue to face in their search for autonomous development paths.

China’s bid for international leadership in Central and Eastern Europe: role conflict and policy responses

China and Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) have intensified their cooperation over the past decade or so. Despite some modest progress, this cooperation has performed below the expectations of the CEECs in general, and, even more so, generated negative feedback and implications more widely. This study is motivated by the puzzle over why there are widening discrepancies between the two sides after initially positive expectations. Informed by the role theory of international relations, this paper mainly argues that there is an intrarole conflict between China’s perception of its international leadership role and the corresponding role expectations of China held by the CEECs. This framework is empirically assessed on the 17 + 1 cooperation, through which China strives to forge a leadership role for itself in relation to the CEECs. Amid generally low expectations of China’s leadership role, three general patterns of responses can be identified among the CEECs, including those of dissenters, pragmatists, and persisting partners. Furthermore, China’s leadership demands encountered challenges from other players, particularly the European Union and the United States.

A meta-analysis of police leadership and organizational effectiveness: focusing on the South Korean police

A meta-analysis of police leadership and organizational effectiveness: focusing on the South Korean police

Constructing international schools as postcolonial sites

ABSTRACT This paper explores the discursive construction of race in Malaysian international schools and its relationship with postcolonialism. In response to the expansion of international schooling, it analyses data from a study of international school leadership in Malaysia, a former colony, through a postcolonial lens. It draws on face-to-face interviews with twelve international school leaders, and discourse analysis of sample websites from Malaysian international schools. Malaysia is an ethnocracy, with three distinct racial groups, and ethnicity affects many aspects of life, including education, and it is suggested that international schools offer no exception to this. The data indicate four emergent themes, these being constructions of: school identity; educational expertise; leadership; and Malaysia itself. The authors posit that international schools in Malaysia operate as postcolonial sites. Despite the origins of international schools lying within a movement committed to equality, these institutions are implicated in the construction and replication of racial divisions.

Disparities in access to quality surgical care for women in resource-constrained settings: Bottlenecks and the way forward.

Women seeking surgical care are burdened with gender disparities, particularly in resource-limited settings. Such disparities can lead to women often presenting late with advanced disease and poor prognoses. The current narrative review was planned to find evidence for gender disparities, their implications, challenges faced by women seeking surgical care, and strategies to address them. Potentiating from interplay between various societal, sociocultural, and economic barriers, the main challenges included inadequate autonomy, financial constraints, transport and referral issues, lack of experienced women surgeons, privacy concerns, surgeon distrust, and higher thresholds for seeking care. While research revealed these underlying causes, much work remains for governmental healthcare bodies, the international community, surgical leadership, policymakers, surgeons, and family members of patients to act on the highlighted issues. Unrestricted access to quality surgical care for everyone is of vital importance, and can translate into a significant decrease in preventable disabilities and deaths among women in resource-constrained settings.

Китайско-турецкие отношения в «новую эпоху»

Introduction. The main purpose of this article is to study the phenomenon of Sino-Turkish relations since 2013 (Xi Jinping came to power). China and Turkey represent different political models undergoing and offering the international community their options for changes in international politics. China, which considers itself as a real contender for international leadership, is facing with Turkey’s sub-regional interests. Therefore, the study of changes in the foreign policy of this countries should be present not as a unit, but as sub-spheres with their subsequent analysis. Methods and materials. The authors use a combination of general theoretical and special methods, paying special attention to historical and political analysis. They are based on the analysis of periodicals, as well as on the use of books, articles and materials of domestic and foreign researchers. Analysis. The authors analyzed the current situation in several sub-spheres, showed their specific impact on bilateral relations, and studied how contradictions in the designated areas affected relations between China and Turkey. Results. The conclusion of the article is about the presence of characteristic problems and issues in each sphere of Sino-Turkish relations that determine the trajectory of Sino-Turkish relations.

La ética médica necesita la difusión del profesor Gonzalo Herranz

Those who knew Prof. Gonzalo Herranz Rodríguez share a common feeling in which respect and admiration are intermingled, transmitted from a natural and simple personality. He generated a remarkable capacity for attraction. In the broad field of bioethics he has left an indelible example of passionate and tenacious defence of scientific truth, both in the multiple facets that mark the daily life of medical action with respect to the sick, and in his clear international leadership when it was necessary to point out where authenticity was to be found in the biological findings on the first stages of the human embryo that later enable correct medical action to be guaranteed. His tenacious effort in the search for scientific truth, together with his defence of an attitude of closeness and humanity towards the patient, stemmed both from his rigour in the study of illness and his gifts of fine observation that allowed him to find solutions, a mixture of science and humanity, to the thousand incidences of medical action. For this reason, it is necessary to disseminate his work, as it constitutes a reference that marks the level of quality that is required for correct medical action.

Supporting teacher professional learning in Oman: The effects of principal leadership, teacher trust, and teacher agency

Lagging student performance in the Sultanate of Oman has, in recent years, led the Ministry of Education to target teachers’ professional learning as a key strategic pillar in its efforts to reform the education system. While international evidence finds principal leadership can make a meaningful difference in teacher engagement in professional learning, this has yet to be studied in Arab societies. The current study collected data from 887 teachers in 78 Omani middle schools with the aim of understanding if and how their principals’ learning-centered leadership influences teacher agency, teacher trust and teacher professional learning. Factor analysis, structural equation modelling, and bootstrapping were used to explore both partial and full mediation models of these relationships. Results validated a partial mediation model in which learning-centered leadership had moderate direct and indirect effects on teacher professional learning. The validated model also highlights the important role that principals can play in creating a climate of trust where teachers believe that investing their time and effort in professional learning will be beneficial for themselves and their schools. The results from Oman are compared with findings from other Asian societies and implications discussed.

Russia’s Night Wolves in Australia

ABSTRACT The Night Wolves emerged from the outlaw subculture and evolved into an antagonist for the Russian government. The motorcycle club received international attention after taking part in Crimea’s annexation alongside the Russian military, with many European governments viewing the club as a Russian proxy and a security threat. Yet despite concerns, the club underwent an international expansion which included creating an Australian department and Russian members travelling to Australia to support local activities. This paper draws on open-source primary and secondary materials to explore the characteristics of the Night Wolves’ Australian department. Findings indicate the Australian Night Wolves maintain aspects of the motorcycle club subculture, but the club’s ideology has influenced the meaning behind these activities and symbols. The Australian cohort is well-connected with the Night Wolves’ international leadership, those linked to the conflict in Ukraine and far-right groups in the Balkans. Australian Night Wolves members involvement in international networks and events places them at risk of engaging in activities that amplify community tensions and undermine sovereignty.

Sir Arnold Whittaker Wolfendale. 25 June 1927—21 December 2020

For over 50 years Arnold Wolfendale was an international leader in the fields of cosmic ray and gamma ray astronomy, making many seminal contributions. His extensive studies of the muon particle culminated in 1965 when, using an installation in the Kolar Gold Mine in India, he played a major role in the first detection of the neutrinos associated with muons produced in the atmosphere. His interests in the origin of high-energy cosmic rays were extensive and required the development of a better understanding of particle physics at energies beyond those accessible at accelerators. Recognizing that high-energy gamma rays can arise from cosmic ray interactions with the interstellar gas, he used early satellite data to argue for the galactic origin of intermediate-energy cosmic rays and for studies of the distribution of molecular hydrogen. His interests in astronomy, which he firmly held to be a branch of physics, drove him to develop a world-class activity in this area at Durham University. This achievement, in part, led to him being appointed Astronomer Royal in 1991. He used this position, and his roles as president of the Royal Astronomical Society, the Institute of Physics and the European Physical Society, to lobby tirelessly for more governmental support for science. He was an early advocate for improvements in the public understanding of science, leading by example. In his later years Arnold's interests extended to cosmology and horology, and he argued against a possible connection between cosmic rays and global warming. A brilliant communicator, Arnold gave a huge number of lectures each year to general audiences, almost to the end of his life.

Rivalry in the Time of Pandemic: COVID-19 Impact on the Balance of Power between the United States and China

In 2020, humanity witnessed with perplexity the expansion of the largest pandemic outbreak in the last century. The coronavirus crisis would have tragic effects on society and healthcare throughout the world, but its consequences go far beyond these two areas. In the field of international relations, the pandemic has impacted the balance of power between the United States and China, whose relationship was already facing rising tensions. While the former was unable to control the spread of the virus in its territory, the second managed to curb it after the initial bewilderment. In order to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the balance of power between both countries, this paper will focus on three areas: economic power, ideological power, and international maneuverability. The results indicate that China has been relatively favored, but also that the United States still has opportunities to preserve its international leadership.

Leading international schools: The questions of cultural and social justice

This article focuses on international school leadership and raises questions on the mono-dimensional approaches to leading, teaching, and learning in diverse contexts. The growth of international schools all over the world represents increasing patterns of geographic and economic mobility, and the growth of socially and culturally diverse communities. While international schools generally represent different elements of internationalisation, their policies and leadership do not demonstrate an adequate response to the social and cultural needs of their communities. Based on her doctoral research, the author argues that internationalisation in educational leadership is not given sufficient attention and that the field requires further development of learning and exploring the contextual elements in which leaders lead. The article draws on a set of approaches to educational leadership, mainly contextually and culturally relevant leadership, and theories of internationalisation in educational leadership and management, in addition to transformational and engaged pedagogical approaches to teaching and learning.

CONTESTED INTERPRETATIONS OF INDONESIA’S INTERNATIONAL LEADERSHIP IN THE FOREIGN POLICY OF PRESIDENT SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO AND JOKO WIDODO

The research aimed to examine the Indonesia’s international leadership on foreign policy throughout the period of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and President Joko Widodo, who have developed different conceptualizations of foreign policy. It ultimately affects the way each of them makes an interpretation of what Indonesia should do with its international leadership. The research built a solid and rich theoretical framework by consulting on previous research focusing on factors that affect the nature of international leadership especially regarding the role of the individual styles of a state leader. The research had two illustrations or brief case studies, namely, the promotion of democracy and human rights and the initiative of promoting the Indo-Pacific cooperation with a special emphasis on the period of President Joko Widodo. The research finds that he has changed the nature of Indonesia’s international leadership to make it fit into his domestic agenda. While President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono tends to make Indonesia’s international leadership as an essential part of his rigorous effort to build a post-authoritarian identity for a democratic and stable nation, President Joko Widodo prefers to make his foreign policy serve the accomplishment of his domestic priorities. The research concludes that Indonesia’s international leadership is much contingent upon individual preferences of the presidents in both formulating their policies as well as the implementation. Moreover, the research comes up with constructive ideas which might be useful to strengthen Indonesia’s international leadership in the future.

Learning Across IEEE: Perspectives From the 2021 IEEE WiE International Leadership Conference [Women in Engineering

Each year, the IEEE Women in Engineering (WiE) hosts the IEEE WiE International Leadership Conference (ILC) as a forum to support diversity in technology. This year, the IEEE PELS WiE committee had two committee members as speakers and sponsored committee members to attend the virtual conference for professional development.

The Women in Engineering International Leadership Conference [Women in GRSS

As in previous years, the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society (GRSS) Inspire, Develop, Empower, Advance (IDEA) Committee spent much of the spring getting prepared to host some exciting events at the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). This year was no different, although uncertainty hung in the air as we awaited decisions on whether the largest annual GRSS event would be a hybrid or virtual one. Alas, the COVID-19 Delta variant swept across the globe in what was for many the fifth or sixth wave of coronavirus cases in the global pandemic, and IGARSS moved to all virtual.

Dr. Elihu H. Estey (1946–2021)

Dr. Elihu H. Estey (1946–2021)

Transformational learning for sustainability leadership – essential components in synergy

Purpose Transformative learning (TL) and leadership are key leverage points for supporting society’s transition toward sustainability. The purpose of this study is to identify essential components of TL within an international sustainability leadership master’s program in Sweden that has been described by many students as life-changing, empowering and transformational. Design/methodology/approach Alumni spanning 15 cohorts provided answers to a survey and the responses were used to map components of TL as experienced by the students. Findings The survey confirms the anecdotal assertions that the program is transformational. The findings suggest that community, place, pedagogy, concepts and content, disorientation and hope and agency are essential components, combined with the synergy of those into an integrated whole that support transformational change according to many respondents. Originality/value This study provides program designers and educators with suggested components and emphasizes their integration and synergy, to support TL experiences for sustainability leaders.