International Holiday Research Articles

Penataan Lahan Permukiman Dengan Metode Buffer Zone Untuk Kelestarian Lingkungan

Previously known as Alalak's hometown, it is now divided into two villages, namely South Alalak village and North Alalak village, located in North Banjarmasin District from 1970 to 2000. This area was famous as a center for the wood processing industry for building materials, but is now starting to be abandoned. dim because wood is also rare. Wooden materials were replaced with concrete beams, steel and metal rafters. Alalak Village looks very shabby, the houses are built mostly from irregular wood. However, there is something interesting in the Alalak River village which is visited by every local/regional, national and international holiday tourist. They wanted to witness the Floating Market activity as a rare custom in the form of buying and selling activities where sellers and buyers use boats or in the banjo term called catamarans. This empty village needs to be managed by building a riverside buffer area in the form of a long embankment with a width of 8.0 meters to 12.0 meters. The embankment material is planted with trees according to its purpose as protection from wind, waves and sunlight. The length of the embankment as a Buffer Zone for this building was built in stages in accordance with the budget set by the Banjarmasin City River and Drainage Department . Thinking about the need to organize dense residential and slum areas on the banks of this river from literature, videos about Buffer Zones in earthquake and tsunami prone areas in Japan which implement these zones as places of effort to withstand very large tsunami waves.

The role of the art of creating a comfortable festive landscape and architectural environment of a multinational city in the formation of a creative personality of young people

International holidays such as New Year, Christmas, Epiphany, and in Russia, the Russian Old New Year have historically developed as folk traditions with history, customs, rituals, and symbols of celebration filled with specific spirituality. All these celebrations commonly take place in houses and nature with a festive landscape and a green beauty, a Christmas tree and reservoirs filled with symbolic images of traditional holiday heroes. Since childhood, people have been participating in such dear and memorable events related to the history of family and loved ones. The landscape and architectural space of a solemnly decorated city should take into account the cultural, psychological, and historical part of the positive motivations of residents and visitors. Designers and specialists who creatively designed the city's festive landscape and architectural territory should be able to connect the historical, religious, symbolic, psychological, and social foundations of such a multinational city as Rostov-on-Don. For young people, these holidays represent another opportunity to unite with other participants in understanding the joyful time and the community of people around them.

Hari Ahad dalam Pandangan Islam dan Kristen

Sunday for Christians and Sunday for Muslims have their own understanding, meaning and history for Islam and Christianity. This is what attracts the writer so that the writer wants to conduct a more in-depth study and analysis through various literature related to Sunday in the view of Islam and Christianity. Based on the background of the problem above, the writer tries to conduct a research using a scientific method. so that it is clearly known "Sunday in the View of Islam and Christianity. The purpose of this study was to find out the views of Islam and Christianity on Sundays, and to find out the similarities and differences of Sundays in the views of Islam and Christianity. This research method is a library research method, namely studying books or references from various literature. The findings as well as the results of this research are that Muslims and Christians have different views about Sunday, wherein Islam in Islam does not recognize Sunday but calls it Sunday where Islam calls it Sunday which means one or one, while Christians call it Sunday. holy day, great day and has various other features regarding Sunday. Muslims and Christians have differences and similarities regarding Sunday (Sunday) where the difference relates to the meaning and meaning of Sunday while the similarity is that Sunday (Sunday) is the same Sama stated that it was the first day of the creation of the universe and from an international agreement that Sunday is an international holiday for all activities, even though Islam has Friday as a special day and a holiday as well as a day of hospitality.

Responsible tourists in the time of Covid-19?

COVID-19 effectively stopped tourism mobilities for a time. Theoretically, this qualitative study draws on the notion of responsibility, as in responsibility to act and responsibility to Otherness. We explore how, during the pandemic, Norwegian tourists dealt with infection preventive measures, how they changed travel habits and how the pandemic transformed their thinking on tourism and climate change. The tourists were loyal citizens adhering to the authorities' measures and refrained from international holidays, thereby taking responsibility for the governmentally enforced dugnad (collective efforts). This temporal change in travel habits, however, was not expected to become the new normal, as warmer, southern destinations were still desired. Culturally embedded neoliberal values of freedom of movement were, for most of these tourists, stronger than the threat of climate crisis. Fatalistically, we conclude that COVID-19 did not have the power to transform their mind-sets regarding responsible tourism futures and free them from neoliberal shackles.

«Հիշարժան տարեթվերը»՝ որպես մեթոդ-մատենագիտական ձեռնարկ

The National Children’s Library after Khnko Aper, is the methodical center of children’s libraries of our country, carries out various methodological-bibliographic publishing works. From 1963 up to now, the library’s Bibliography Department has been creating a “Memorable Dates” reference manual, which includes the famous dates of the given year, commemorative books and works, national and international holidays, as well as topics of interest to children and young readers. It helps different levels of society plan their work and organize events and book exhibitions. Encyclopedias, biographical dictionaries, relevant reference books, official websites on the online platform, etc. are used in compiling the manual.

Generational differences, socialisation effects and ‘mobility links’ in international holiday travel

International holiday travel was rapidly growing until the COVID19 crisis and was widely expected to continue on such a trajectory for decades. This is consistent with long-term trends towards the expansion of activity spaces and the increasing importance of high-speed modes of travel. This would suggest that young adults today had earlier and more frequent experience of cross-border holiday travel than previous generations, with possible knock-on effects in terms of socialisation to increased international mobility. Previous research has also suggested the existence of self-reinforcing dynamics in international mobility over individual life courses and across family generations. The concept of “mobility links” points to such effects, whereby e.g., international mobility experience leads to more foreign trips later in the life course and/or in the subsequent generation. Robust quantitative evidence of such trends and associations, however, has remained elusive due to the lack of adequate data. We use unique data from Dortmund (Germany) including detailed retrospective information on holiday travel and life course events for a large sample of students, their parents, and grandparents. Our results show: i) a rapidly increasing trend in international holiday travel behaviour (trip frequency and age at first trip) across three generations; ii) from a socialisation perspective, associations between international holiday frequency and age at first holiday abroad among students; iii) from an intergenerational perspective, associations between the holiday practices of students and their parents. We conclude by discussing implications for further research on mobility biographies and the ‘institutionalisation’ of international travel, as well as policy implications.

Changes in Estonian School Calendar Holidays in 1992–2018

The paper compares changes in the celebration of holidays in the period from 1992 to 2018. The data originate from large Estonian children’s lore corpora from 1992, 2007, and 2018. The first collections are preserved at the Estonian Folklore Archives of the Estonian Literary Museum (ELM) in Tartu, Estonia, and the 2018 collection as well as the digitized data of the earlier campaigns are available in the digital archives EFITA – the Research Archives of the Department of Folkloristics of the ELM. The calendar corpus allows us to monitor changes in the structure and essence of folk/ethnographic/local traditions, feasts celebrated at home, church feasts, and public holidays at school. The authors indicate that endeavours to establish national public holidays to accompany traditional agrarian ones began in the early 20th century. During the 20th century, the system of holidays changed three times (1918, 1940, 1991) due to political changes: the establishment of an independent state in Estonia, the loss of independence and continuation as the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, and restoration of independence in 1991. In addition to state, church, and folk holidays different ways to introduce novel international holidays (Valentine’s Day, Mother’s Day, Father’s Day, Halloween, Mother Tongue Day), and a search for new forms of celebration were also noteworthy during this period. As students, youngsters participate in the celebrations of their school as well as in the celebrations of public holidays, and at the same time are involved in maintaining their family traditions.

Coexisting varieties of English in the linguistic landscape of tourism: the Bay of Palma

ABSTRACTSince its early studies, linguistic landscape has been approached from an increasing number of perspectives, which include the relative weight of languages in the signage of international holiday resorts. However, the coexistence of varieties of a given language in a single destination remains to be addressed. The research adopts a corpus-based approach to study English texts on display in the tourist resorts of S’Arenal and Magalluf in the Bay of Palma. Data analysis applies the framework of complexity, accuracy and fluency (CAF) to bring to the forefront the lexical features that delineate the presence of two varieties of English and the implications of their choice. Our findings reveal that English is not homogeneous in the Bay. Notwithstanding their common tourist activity, the existence of lexical peculiarities in each resort suggests the coexistence of two varieties that appear to be associated to the native or non-native background of holidaymakers and local sign initiators, with social class possibly intervening as well.

DEVELOPING TOURISM IN FOÇA: VIEWS OF BACHELOR STUDENTS

Located on the Aegean Coast, Foça is the district of the third biggest city of Turkey, İzmir. This little fishing town welcomed international tourism throughout the bright years of tourism beginning from 1970s till 2000s. Foça lost its popularity and a good deal of socio-economic support of tourism through the years after the international holiday villages closed down. Today, the tourism in Foça is restricted to summer season especially by second home owners and excursionists. The people of Foça are striving for ways to revive the tourism. This study is conducted to understand the views of the students of university getting tourism education thus being a more conscious part of the society about developing tourism in Foça. The results of the qualitative analysis reveal the vulnerable sides of Foça to improve as well as its treasures to enhance. Finally, suggestions are provided for more sustainable ways of tourism development in Foça.

JohnMangan and ChandraLalwani. Global Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 3rd EditionJohn Wiley and Sons, 2016, 393 pp. ISBN 978‐1‐1191‐1782‐7. ISBN 978‐1‐1191‐2399‐6 (ebook).

JohnMangan and ChandraLalwani. Global Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 3rd EditionJohn Wiley and Sons, 2016, 393 pp. ISBN 978‐1‐1191‐1782‐7. ISBN 978‐1‐1191‐2399‐6 (ebook).

Gendered bio-responsibilities and travelling egg providers from South Africa.

‘Unsuspecting young South African women are heading overseas to donate their eggs to infertile couples and earn a free international holiday in the process. But, at what cost?’ This was the voice-over during a news show in South Africa in 2016 that described the phenomenon of young white South African women going abroad to ‘donate’ their eggs. Through the media, medical professionals sought to warn ‘naïve girls’ about ‘unscrupulous agencies’ taking advantage of them, and in doing so putting them at grave medical risks in ‘Third World’ clinics. Yet owners of agencies and egg providers themselves countered this imagery; here, the egg provider becomes a far more complex biocitizen who finds an opportunity to combine an act of altruism with an opportunity to earn money and travel. Through interviews with travelling egg providers, doctors and egg agencies, and analysis of public and social media, we analyse these competing discourses critically by situating them within the specific context of egg provision in South Africa. We argue that travelling egg providers' defence of their involvement may challenge some gendered assumptions made by the media and medical staff, but at the same time reaffirm what we call ‘gendered bio-responsibilities’, or the gendered nature of the emphasis on (individual) responsibilization of biological citizens. By focusing on a relatively understudied aspect of the burgeoning literature on biocitizenship, we argue that the project of biocitizenship assists the expansion and normalization of new biomedical technologies, often without proper emphasis on the disproportionate obligations on the women involved.

Контент ведущих религий как источник противодействия коррупции (кого бы еще привлечь к борьбе с коррупцией?)

The article is dedicated to the International Holiday — the Day of Fight against Corruption on 9 December. The author of the material considers the vital issues of this so far unsuccessful struggle or ineffective counteraction to corruption phenomena that are revealed in various areas of life and not only our society. The author tries to find out how corruption is treated in the views of the main world religions — Christianity (partially), Islam and national religion — Judaism. The article gives historical reminiscences and authorial comments on the text fragments of the main written sources of these religions. Judgments about the origins, roots and main causes, of course, of the immoral, harmful and devastating phenomenon of corruption, are deeply rooted in the national economies of many developed and most developing countries on the planet. At the end of the article, the author expresses his dissenting opinion on measures to combat corruption in the form of three independent conclusions. But the main thing that the author tries to express in relation to the accumulated domestic experience of fighting corruption is instead of solving a specific problem, it is being reformulated.

Ethnic Segregation During Public and National Holidays: A Study Using Mobile Phone Data

This paper contains an analysis of ethnic differences in activity locations during public and national holidays. Holidays relate to identity, and the celebration of holidays can be a very important part of acculturation processes and are therefore relevant to ethnic integration policies. We study the out‐of‐home nonemployment activity locations of 12,500 respondents in Estonia, using mobile phone positioning data. The results show that during holidays, ethnic segregation, measured using an index of dissimilarity, is significantly higher than it is on regular days, especially outside the capital city. The type of holiday, such as whether it is a national or international holiday, has a particular effect on people's spatial behaviour. On Estonian public holidays, Estonians are more likely to leave Tallinn than Russian speakers. There are 77 per cent more Estonians and 33 per cent more Russian speakers outside the capital than on non‐holidays. The paper depicts different temporal layers of segregation, which also indicates different integration potential in leisure spaces under various time frames.

Shifting patterns and determinants of Asia-pacific tourism to Australia, 1990–2010

ABSTRACTAustralia is an increasingly important international holiday destination. Especially travel demand from Asia-Pacific countries has increased, which has led Australian policy-makers to believe the Asia-Pacific region will remain the largest growth market for holiday tourists. This article first presents an overview of the evolution and shifting geographical patterns of Asia-Pacific tourism to Australia between 1990 and 2010, and relies on this to explore the major determinants underlying these changes using a bootstrapped loglinear multiple regression analysis. Results indicate that income (GDP per capita) remains the most important factor explaining tourism demand, albeit that the Australian holiday market is becoming increasingly mature. Distance, as a proxy for travel costs, has large negative elasticity that has slightly increased over time as the effects of air transport liberalization have been off-set by oil prices’. The paper is concluded with an outlook on some possible opportunities and challenges for future tourism demand to Australia.

An examination of the role of domestic destinations in satisfying holiday demands

The role of domestic destinations in satisfying demand for holidays has received less attention than research which outlines the challenges associated with long haul travel, particularly within the United Kingdom context. This paper examines the role of domestic holidays in satisfying demand in relation to international holidays, in the context of providing a better understanding of the environmental impacts of tourism. This is achieved through analysis of a household survey and a series of interviews with family groups of holiday-makers. The data was collected in the East Midlands region of the United Kingdom. Most respondents prefer domestic holidays in attractive coastal and rural destinations; they often take place in the summer and for shorter periods than overseas trips. Yet once at the destination there is commonality between tourism practices in domestic and international destinations. Socio-cultural aspects, life stage and financial considerations prove much more influential than environmental concerns in influencing choice. In response, the main policy recommendation would be to raise the relative cost of travelling abroad. The primary research recommendation would be to deepen the understanding of how substitution between destinations can occur.

Is the Australian domestic holiday a thing of the past? Understanding baby boomer, Generation X and Generation Y perceptions and attitude to domestic and international holidays

This study adopts a generational perspective to understand the shift in domestic and international travel motivations of Australians. In consideration of the largest and most dominant travel consumers at present, the Baby Boomer, Generation X and Generation Y cohorts, the study reveals significant differences between the cohorts’ value perceptions, attitude and intention associated with domestic holidays. However, the findings revealed no significant differences between the cohorts in Australians’ value perceptions and attitude towards international holidays. The study offers important insights for destination marketers seeking ways to address changes in tourism demand from a generational perspective, particularly those seeking to target the Australian tourism market.

The Flying Dutchmen: Recent Trends in International Outbound Tourism from the Netherlands

AbstractThis brief paper focuses on Dutch outbound tourism, that is, international flows with the Netherlands as a place of origin. Using data provided by CBS Statistics Netherlands, we show that the total number of international holidays, both in absolute terms and per capita, has significantly grown in the last three decades, denoting a significant increase in the propensity of Dutch residents to engage in international tourism; moreover, year‐by‐year variations seem to be positively, but weakly, associated with the general conditions of the Dutch economy. In terms of the composition of international holidays by destination country, we found evidence of some instability in the relative importance of different destinations, with an increase in the diversity of choices by Dutch tourists and in the distance of their preferred destination.

Consumer choices of international mountaineering holiday: A perspective of Slovak mountaineering market towards Slovak tourism providers

The main purpose of this study was to critically analyze consumer choices of Slovak mountaineersfor purchasing international mountaineering holiday from Slovak outbound travel agencies/tour-operators. To increase the probability of the respondents’ geographic, age and gender varieties,qualitative questionnaires were distributed among 80 respondents using the method of clustersampling. The preferences of mountaineering holiday arrangement of the analysed market werefound to be through personal communication with Slovak travel intermediaries, which was perceivedmore safe and time-saving then independent purchase or/and purchase through international travelintermediaries. An individually tailored holiday was preferred as it provides safety andsimultaneously satisfies the desired elements of freedom and independence. The main issuesregarding the provided services by the Slovak outbound travel agencies/tour-operators have beenrelated to lack of mountaineering expertise and an inappropriate service delivery.

Alcohol, drogas, sexo y violencia: riesgos y consecuencias para la salud entre los jóvenes turistas británicos en las Islas Baleares

Substance use, risky sexual behaviour and violence are among the key youth health issues today. Whilst they are the focus of much prevention work in the UK, relatively little information is available to inform prevention in international holiday resorts, where young people can take the greatest risks with their health. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1033 British holidaymakers aged 16-35 in Ibiza and Majorca airports (Spain). Surveys covered frequency of alcohol and drug use at home and abroad, and drunkenness, sexual activity and experience of a range of negative experiences on holiday. Illicit drug use was more common in Ibiza. Over half (53.9%) of visitors to Ibiza reported using at least one drug on holiday (compared with 13.9% in Majorca) and over a third reported using more than one drug. However visitors to Majorca reported more frequent drunkenness and more negative outcomes (arguments, fighting, unintentional injury, illness and requiring medical attention). In both locations, frequency of substance use increased on holiday. A quarter of those travelling without a partner reported having had sex during their holiday, and of these a third did not consistently use condoms. Frequent drunkenness was associated with fighting, unintentional injury and sex with a new partner. Illicit drug use, particularly polydrug use, was associated with fighting and unprotected sex. Young holidaymakers face significant health risks on holiday. Understanding which resorts are associated with which types of health risk behaviour is critical in targeting health promotion and harm reduction measures appropriately.

Relative Contributions of Holiday Location and Nationality to Changes in Recreational Drug Taking Behaviour: A Natural Experiment in the Balearic Islands

Aim: To examine the contributions of international holiday resorts and visitors’ nationality to recruitment, relapse into, and escalation in frequency of recreational drug use. Methods: Retrospective design surveying British, German and Spanish (n = 3,003) holidaymakers aged 16–35 visiting Ibiza or Majorca (Spain). Results: Individuals’ drug use in international resorts was related to use at home, holiday destination and nationality. While visiting Ibiza, 7.2% of British tourists tried ecstasy for the first time with similar recruitment amongst Spanish (8.6%) but not Germans (1.8%) or those visiting Majorca (0.8, 1.5 and 1.2%, respectively). Recruitment into cocaine use was associated with being Spanish, male, visiting Ibiza and drunkenness. One in 5 British holidaymakers visiting Ibiza tried at least one new drug. British and Spanish were most likely to relapse into using a drug after at least 12 months’ abstinence; 6.8% of British (1.3% German, 2.9% Spanish) relapsed into using at least one drug. Across nationalities, substance use frequency increased on holiday. Conclusions: International nightlife resorts are major sources of recruitment, relapse and escalation in drug use. Such resorts contribute to the international spread of drug cultures but have been largely ignored as settings for interventions to tackle drugs.