International Development Strategy Research Articles

French Imperial Statecraft, Capital, Corporate Taxation, and the Tax Haven that Wasn’t, 1920s–1950s

Abstract Towards the mid-1920s, a growing number of colonial firms began to transfer their headquarters from the metropole to French colonies to evade taxation on investment capital income. These transfers threatened to transform French colonies into tax havens. Why was this averted? This article explores the politics of corporate tax planning in the French colonial empire and shows that French colonial tax havens could have materialized on a large scale at two critical junctures: first in the inter-war period and then in the aftermath of the Second World War. It argues that they eventually did not come into being because successive administrations within the French Ministry of Finance did not let it happen. Broader structural determinants — the relative weakness of the French metropolitan fiscal state in the inter-war period and the unwillingness to let international capital dictate French development strategies in the late colonial period — crucially influenced the positions taken by the Ministry of Finance. Post-war dreams of restored grandeur made French authorities much more reluctant to outsource development and let go of state prerogatives. This unrealized possibility sheds light on the role of state power in the making and unmaking of tax havens and contributes to a fast-expanding historiography.

Practicing Multilevel Governance: The Revision of the Piedmont Regional Territorial Plan

The regional level plays a relevant role in spatial governance and planning in Europe, as it constitutes the most suitable scale to both program European Union funding and territorialize international development strategies. In this light, regional spatial planning instruments play a crucial role in translating general objectives and recommendations (e.g., those included in the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development) in place-based implementation practices. This contribution reflects upon the implementation of a methodology aimed at engaging a multidisciplinary team of students in the revision of the Piedmont regional territorial plan (PTR), developed in close cooperation with the regional public administration. This problem-based learning activity supported the integration of supranational strategic objectives and funding streams with the regional territorial development priorities. In so doing, it represents a possible way to practice multilevel governance in concrete terms, employing the PTR as a meaningful catalyst.

The promotion of Shanghai’s position and function in the global container shipping network

ABSTRACT Shanghai’s container throughput has ranked first worldwide for 13 consecutive years beginning in 2010, indicating that Shanghai has built an international shipping centre capable of allocating resources for global shipping factors. This study considers global container shipping and shipping service networks as research objects to examine the node status and connection directions of Shanghai in these two networks. It also identifies the comparative advantages and weaknesses of Shanghai and proposes countermeasures and suggestions. The results show that Shanghai ranks high in the global container shipping network and is a sub-centre of the Busan system. Shanghai performs well in the mid-to-low-end shipping service industry in the shipping service network; however, a clear gap exists in the high-end service industry between Shanghai and European port cities. Thus, Shanghai should vigorously implement an international development strategy, actively promote a coordinated development strategy between ports, and integrate the construction of the shipping centre with that of financial and technological innovation centres.

International Market Development Strategies for Enhancing Global Expansion in the Export Industry

This research paper explores a range of international market development strategies that companies can adopt to enhance global expansion in the export industry. The study emphasizes the significance of conducting comprehensive market research, which enables businesses to identify target markets with high demand and subsequently improve market penetration and increase export sales. Furthermore, the findings highlight the importance of market segmentation in tailoring offerings to meet specific market needs, resulting in higher customer satisfaction and a larger market share. The research also reveals that conducting competitive analysis is crucial for companies to differentiate their offerings, develop competitive advantages, and improve their market positioning, ultimately leading to increased market share. The study underscores the importance of selecting the appropriate entry mode, such as direct exporting, licensing, or joint ventures, as it significantly impacts the success of global expansion efforts. Additionally, the research emphasizes the significance of developing efficient distribution channels to ensure timely and cost-effective delivery of products, thereby enhancing customer satisfaction and facilitating market penetration. The findings also stress the importance of adapting branding and marketing strategies to align with local cultural preferences and linguistic nuances, which helps establish a strong brand presence, foster customer loyalty, and gain market acceptance. Moreover, the research highlights the role of government support, trade agreements, and financial incentives in facilitating global expansion. Leveraging these resources provides companies with valuable market insights, resources, and financial assistance, thereby bolstering their international expansion endeavors.

International development strategy of a fintech company: key aspects and challenges

In the conditions of globalization of the financial services and financial systems market, an urgent issue for a fintech company is the problem of forming and implementing an international development strategy, considering the most critical aspects and challenges. Specific aspects include regulatory constraints, cross-country competition, technological innovation, adaptation to local financial systems, strengthening cyber security, and building strategic partnerships. Developing an effective action plan is a crucial factor for the successful global development of a fintech company. The article examines the main aspects of the international development strategy of fintech companies and highlights the main challenges they face. It was determined that one of the most critical aspects in this context is considering the differences in regulatory acts in different countries and their impact on the strategic planning of fintech companies. Another vital aspect is technological innovation: fintech companies must not only have technological solutions but also be ready to implement new technologies, such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, etc. All this allows you to create competitive advantages and satisfy the ever-increasing demand for fast, convenient, secure financial services. It is justified that, first, companies should study the political, economic, and socio-cultural aspects of each country in which they plan to work since the presence of different regulations and cultural features can significantly affect the strategy's success. Challenges also include the need to manage cyber security. Based on a comprehensive approach, considering the peculiarities of the global financial market, the main elements of the strategy of international development of a fintech company are proposed. The main directions of this strategy are innovative technologies, flexibility in interaction with regulators, and consideration of the peculiarities of national markets. Keywords: financial technologies, fintech companies, financial services market, digital technologies, fintech services.

Global Review of International Nuclear Waste Management

In the current situation of global energy transition, nuclear energy maintains its reputation as a stable power generation technology, without dependence on other resources and without CO2 emissions. However, one of the main problems with its use is the management of the radioactive waste it generates, which has given rise to different international strategies: (i) reprocessing; (ii) storage; and (iii) disposal. Given the interest generated by nuclear energy in recent times and the need to manage the waste generated, this paper presents a global review of the different international nuclear waste management strategies, using a scientific method based on (i) a bibliometric review of the scientific publications related to nuclear waste management and (ii) an analysis of the technical aspects of the different international management strategies. The effective and safe management of nuclear waste will contribute to the advancement of international nuclear energy development strategies that encourage the construction of new nuclear power plants and the lifetime extension of existing ones.

Development Strategies for international Participation of Young Teachers in Local Colleges and Universities in China: A Case Study of Colleges and Universities in J Province

As an important part of higher education in China, local colleges and universities are actively involved in the construction of internationalization in order to comply with the development trend of higher education, break through the bottleneck of self-development and seek their own development path. As a special group of colleges and universities, young teachers are participant in teaching and scientific research, and become an important factor in the internationalization of the university. Based on the international motivation theory of higher education, teacher development theory and strategic management theory, this paper build research model to know the international participation of young teachers in Chinese local colleges and universities and the factors that affect their participation behavior, furthermore to formulate internationalization strategies. Using the method of case analysis, selecting young teachers from local colleges and universities in J province of China to carry out the research, this paper adopt quantitative analysis and SWOT matrix analysis methods. Through this study, hope to provide theoretical support and data support for the international development of local colleges and universities, and provide reference for the formulation of international development strategy. Therefore, this study has certain theoretical and practical significance.

АНАЛІЗ РОЗВИТКУ ГЛОБАЛЬНОГО РИНКУ АУТСОРСИНГУ В ІТ-БІЗНЕСІ

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the global IT outsourcing market, highlighting its historical roots, current state and future prospects. The paper examines key moments and transformations in the industry, from the early days of outsourcing to its current scale. Particular attention is paid to the impact of technological innovations such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and blockchain on market dynamics. The article analyses how outsourcing affects countries' economies, labour markets, and social structures, with a particular focus on changes in the global distribution of jobs and economic growth. The article also includes forecasts of future market trends, taking into account current technological changes and global economic factors. In the context of rapid globalisation, the IT services market is experiencing significant growth. Global outsourcing, as a tool for business expansion and cost optimisation, is becoming a key success factor for many companies. Outsourcing allows companies to reduce costs and focus on their core competencies, which is especially important in the highly competitive IT sector. Given the rapid development of the IT sector in Ukraine, it is important to study the country's role in the global outsourcing market to assess the potential and capabilities of local professionals and companies. Thus, this topic is highly relevant, given its impact on the international economy, technology development and business strategies. Its study opens up broad prospects for analysing IT outsourcing, taking into account both global and local contexts. An important part of the article is the recommendations for various stakeholders, including outsourcing companies, service providers, policy makers and researchers. These recommendations are aimed at optimising the use of outsourcing in the IT industry, ensuring balanced and sustainable growth of the industry. The article uses data from a variety of sources, including market research, analytical reports and expert interviews, making it a valuable resource for anyone interested in the development of the global outsourcing market in the IT business.

ФОРМУВАННЯ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ СТРАТЕГІЇ РОЗВИТКУ РИНКУ СТАЛІ

The article examines the structure of strategic consumers of the metallurgical industry. The most important industries in the structure of consumption of the metallurgical sector are: industrial and civil construction, machine building (mechanical equipment and automobile industry). The integrated types of steel production are identified: based on blast furnace (BF) and basic oxygen furnace (BOF) and electric arc furnace (EAF) steel production technology type. The structural components of the operating cycle of the main types of steel production (iron ore, coal, limestone, scrap, energy), as well as the components of commercial products (main industrial products and related products): steel, sludge, dust, blast furnace gas, converter gas, recovered steam are defined, energy. The cost norms of the material and energy supply sector of the metallurgical sector and the results of metallurgical production in average quantitative terms are substantiated. The trend of global steel production was analyzed and analytical indicators of dynamics were determined (average absolute growth, growth rate, growth rate). In order to ensure further analytical forecasting of industrial product markets, the selection of an approximating curve was made using the method of trend formation. Based on the obtained logarithmic curve, a smoothed estimate of the trend was made and a forecast of world steel production for the period 2023–2027 is formed. The forecast volumes of the metallurgical industry supply markets (iron ore market (iron ore and agglomerate); limestone market, scrap market, energy market), as well as the greening market (recovered steam, converter gas, blast furnace gas) and related products (slag, dust) are determined for the period 2022–2027 The forecast indicators of the growth of markets for industrial products of the metallurgical sector are substantiated. The main principles of the international strategy for the development of the steel market are determined: efficiency and sustainability of development, designing the product life cycle, stimulating the reuse of industrial products; maximum use of scrap, acceleration of decarbonization processes and transition to green steel production, effective and efficient processing of by-products. Proposed areas of the international steel development strategy: ensuring sustainable growth; promoting the development of security markets; development of effective use of related products.

Strategies for SMEs to Develop International Business in the Context of Internet Plus

Under the background of "Internet plus", the development of SMEs in China is facing new opportunities. The development quality of SMEs can be improved through the development of international business, which has a certain role in promoting the development of international business of SMEs. The development technology of the Internet can help small and medium-sized enterprises to achieve effective analysis of the international market. On this basis, combined with the actual operation of enterprises, a new international business development strategy is formulated. However, at present, China's SMEs still have some significant problems in the process of developing international business, and it is difficult to fundamentally realize the development of international business of enterprises. This article puts forward effective strategies and methods suitable for SMEs to develop international business by combining the advantages of the development of the Internet.

Fusing International Business and Marketing: A Bibliometric Study

This study aimed to provide an assessment of marketing on international business and to organize and classify the literature on marketing in order to clarify the importance of this tool and encourage future research in the projection of international business marketing (IBM) and the power of the ubiquity of this tool in the hands of the users. It is a bibliometric study, and this work focused on international business and marketing articles published in major international marketing, expansion, strategies, and business journals from 2000 to 2020; this topic is scattered across various journals and second data in many disciplines. The investigation reviewed and collected data on the specific paradigm of research that discusses, investigates, and evaluates the topic of IBM. The results showed a new paradigm applied to the topic of IBM and classified it into four first-order research streams: academic research, international business, international development strategies, and customers. The contribution of this study is important in order to identify new challenges and opportunities for marketers, researchers and international companies and in terms of disentangling existing contradictions, applying a new theoretical framework to make better future decisions by large companies, and providing a higher quality to new research in the context of IBM.

A ‘distinct UK offer’: The geographies of the FCDO's International Development Strategy 2022

AbstractOn 16 May 2022, the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) produced its first International Development Strategy. This commentary explores the geographies of the strategy in more depth, highlighting three key areas: firstly, the dominance of a ‘UK approach’; secondly, its focus on country and bilateral programmes; and, finally, the rise of diplomatic, commercial and technological spaces for development. The commentary concludes that this development strategy produces an imaginary of a more isolationist, independent, sovereign Britain, with development used as a vehicle for a geographical nationalistic re‐branding. These geographical imaginaries are used to legitimise aid to a domestic audience and to enhance Britain's position in the development sector. This emphasis in turn asks further questions about governmental thinking on development – importantly, what is lost, neglected and dismissed through this focus on a ‘distinct UK approach’?

Wise, Carol (2020) Dragonomics: How Latin America Is Maximizing (or Missing out on) China's International Development Strategy, Yale University Press (New Haven, CN), xx + 308 pp. £30.00 hbk.

Wise, Carol (2020) Dragonomics: How Latin America Is Maximizing (or Missing out on) China's International Development Strategy, Yale University Press (New Haven, CN), xx + 308 pp. £30.00 hbk.

The Influence of Electronic Commerce on International Trade and Development Strategy

Since the 21st century, the rapid development of e-commerce and its application in the field of international trade have greatly impacted the original basic structure of international trade. E-commerce is like a double-edged sword, which brings great challenges while having a positive impact on it.The development of e-commerce mode not only affects the traditional way of trade, but also brings it the opportunity of transformation and innovation. Meanwhile, it also enriches the form of international trade. In order to study the new products of this era, this article will prove the influence of e-commerce on international trade and its development strategies.

Analysis of the Internationalization Strategy of Cross-Border E-Commerce Enterprises: The Case of Alibaba Group

In recent years, the development of China’s e-commerce industry has been in full swing and has had an important impact on economic development. Taking Alibaba Group as an example, this paper firstly introduces the overview and development history of Alibaba Group, which is a leading e-commerce company; secondly, it analyzes Alibaba’s internationalization strategy from three aspects: international market selection strategy, international market entry strategy and international marketing strategy; it concludes that Alibaba adopts a diversification strategy in internationalization, and the location selection and entry mode of internationalization can be summarized as “dual-track”. It is concluded that Alibaba adopts a diversification strategy and its internationalization strategy can be summarized as a “dual-track system”; it expands abroad with e-commerce as its core in overseas acquisitions; and its organizational structure, human resources and business structure are adjusted in line with its internationalization development. Lastly, we propose some rationalization suggestions for China’s e-commerce enterprises in light of Alibaba Group’s successful experience in international development: strengthening brand building, optimizing organizational structure, strengthening talent introduction and retention, and enhancing core competitiveness, so as to promote China’s e-commerce enterprises’ international development strategies and march into the international market.

Analysis of the international development strategy of universities from the perspective of double first-class

From the perspective of double first-class, universities should firmly grasp the opportunities of global development, optimize and improve the international school-running model in the new environment, practice the international development strategy, find a strategic path suitable for their own international development, build "double first-class" universities, and promote the realization of the goal of improving the efficiency and quality of China's higher education. Based on this, this paper first analyzes the current problems in the international development of Chinese universities, and then promotes the connotative development of universities based on borrowing wisdom, contributing Chinese wisdom, and providing Chinese solutions. Cultivate high-level talents with an international vision; building a teaching force that is compatible with international development; Promote the international development of universities through "industry-university-research" collaboration; The optimization of international courses and talent training system puts forward the international development strategy of universities from the perspective of double first-class.

Dragonomics: How Latin America is Maximizing (or Missing out) on China´s International Development Strategy, New Haven, London: Yale University Press (2020)

Dragonomics: How Latin America is Maximizing (or Missing out) on China´s International Development Strategy, New Haven, London: Yale University Press (2020)

Data-powered positive deviance: Combining traditional and non-traditional data to identify and characterise development-related outperformers

The positive deviance approach in international development scales practices and strategies of positively-deviant individuals and groups: those who are able to achieve significantly better development outcomes than their peers despite having similar resources and challenges. This approach relies mainly on traditional data sources (e.g. surveys and interviews) for identifying those positive deviants and for discovering their successful solutions. The growing availability of non-traditional digital data (e.g. from remote sensing and mobile phones) relating to individuals, communities and spaces enables data innovation opportunities for positive deviance. Such datasets can identify deviance at geographic and temporal scales that were not possible before. But guidance is needed on how this new data can be employed in the positive deviance approach, and how it can be combined with more traditional data to gain deeper, more meaningful, and context-aware insights.This paper presents such guidance through a data-powered method that combines both traditional and non-traditional data to identify and understand positive deviance in new ways and domains. This method has been developed iteratively through six development projects covering five different domains – sustainable cattle ranching, agricultural productivity, rangeland management, research performance, crime control – with global and local development partners in six countries. The projects combine different types of non-traditional data with official statistics, administrative data and interviews. Here, we describe a structured method for data-powered positive deviance developed from the experience of these projects, and we reflect on lessons learned. We hope to encourage and guide greater use of this new method; enabling development practitioners to make more effective use of the non-traditional digital datasets that are increasingly available.

DIAGNOSIS THE COMPETITIVENESS IN THE CONTEXT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

The article analyzes existing in modern science methods of diagnostics of competitiveness of an enterprise in the context of implementation of its international development strategy. The peculiarities of using the concept of M. Porter’s suggested types of strategy are investigated. Porter types of strategies that can turn the enterprise functioning on the international market. The main groups of methods of diagnostics of competitiveness of the enterprise, which take into account the peculiarities of implementation of international strategy of its development, were identified. The first group of methods includes matrix methods of competitiveness diagnostics, which involve forming matrices with elements ordered by rows and columns. These methods allow you to perform an analysis of the environment of the functioning of the company, to identify its position in the market, the result of evaluation using this method is to identify the main directions of further development of the company. The second group of methods includes graphical methods of competitiveness diagnostics, which are characterized by the intensity of the results of the analysis and inconsistency in carrying out the assessment. These are relatively simple methods that do not require complex mathematical calculations. The next group of methods are index methods of competitiveness diagnostics, which are considered more complex than the above mentioned matrix and graph methods. These methods require using a benchmark analysis, which is based on the assessment of a number of indicators, which include both sectorial indicators and indicators of the activity of the leading company in the market. The fourth group of methods for assessing international competitiveness includes analytical or calculation methods. This group of methods is characterized by performing complex mathematical calculations and analytical operations with calculated indicators.

Complementary Development between China and Sub-Sahara Africa: Examining China’s Mining Investment Strategies in Africa

China’s recent national and international regional development strategies emphasize both the deepening of the domestic market and the exploration of new markets and resource suppliers to support China’s industrialization. The cooperation with, and investment in, Africa has become an integrated part of China’s international regional development strategy. Investment in Africa is often the result of a decision process that requires balance among local complex political, economic, social, and geological conditions. Proper decision support analysis is the key for success or failure of complementary development. Based on location theories, the current study analyzes China’s mining investment in Africa and derives a set of indicators to form the basis for evaluating China’s investment strategies in the mining industries in Africa. A multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach, the VIKOR method, is applied to evaluate six African countries based on this set of indicators. Results suggest that while resource abundance and value are important factors for mining investment decisions, political stability and local legal system restrictions are weightier in the decision-making process. China’s outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) in mining industries in Africa is more inclined to countries with stable political environment, resource endowment and greater value advantage so that both parties can maximize the benefits from such investment.