International Airport Research Articles

Impact of Assimilating Uncrewed Aircraft System Observations on River Valley Fog Prediction

Abstract The impact of assimilating targeted uncrewed aircraft system (UAS) observations on the prediction of radiation and river valley fog is assessed using observing system experiments (OSEs). Two multirotor UASs were deployed during Frequent in situ Observations above Ground for Modeling and Advanced Prediction of fog (FOGMAP) which took place during the summer of 2022 in northern Kentucky. Targeted UAS missions were flown to sample the spatiotemporal variability of temperature and moisture in the vicinity of the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport. During each mission, the UAS performed near-continuous profiling at two locations between the surface to 120 m AGL throughout the night. Data denial experiments were performed using the ensemble adjustment Kalman filter available in NSF NCAR’s Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) to determine the impact of assimilating UAS observations on the skill of analyses and forecasts issued during potential fog events. Simulations that only assimilated conventional observations tended to have a dry bias in the analyses and forecasts. The dry bias in the analyses was reduced in experiments that assimilated UAS observations leading to improved probabilistic predictions of fog. Sensitivity tests revealed that the ensemble mean analyses were improved when assimilating UAS observations of specific humidity rather than relative humidity (RH) due to the existence of a cold bias near the surface and the negative covariance between RH and temperature. It was also found that either the assumed observation error variance of (1 g kg−1)2 or the ensemble spread of the background specific humidity was too large since their sum tended to overestimate the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the predicted ensemble mean values.

Effects of horizontal resolution and updated surface data on simulated low-level winds for the aviation safety over Incheon International Airport

This study aimed to alleviate the overestimation of low-level wind speeds at Incheon International Airport in South Korea by employing large eddy simulation (LES) modeling and high-resolution surface data. Simulation and observation data from two days on which potentially hazardous weather conditions near the airport were observed were selected for analysis: 12 August 2020, when strong winds were recorded, and 13 July 2020, when precipitation occurred. To investigate the impact of the horizontal resolution of the model and updated land surface data on low-level wind simulations, this study compared the simulation results of 1 km experiments with both 30-s United States Geological Survey topography and land use data and high-resolution 3-s surface data, including Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model topography data and land use data generated by the Korean Ministry of Environment, and 100 m LES experiments with the high-resolution surface data. The observed 10-m wind speed and sonde data near the airport were used to evaluate the model results. Utilizing the updated high-resolution surface data in the 1 km model grid-spacing simulation led to a lower root mean square error and wind speed bias compared to the use of low-resolution surface data. The 100 m experiment incorporating LES modeling with the updated high-resolution surface data further improved the low-level wind simulation results compared to the 1 km experiment using the same high-resolution surface data. In addition to providing more accurate simulations of mean winds, turbulence variations over the airport and the nearby region are better resolved by using high-resolution LES modeling and combined with updated surface data, which are critical for ensuring aviation safety near the airport.

3D GPR Detection and Case Analysis of Collapse Hazards for an International Airport Runway

Abstract The safety of airport runways is crucial for ensuring the operation of airports and the safety of aircraft flights during taking off and landing. All current methods for assessing airport runways primarily focus on surface routine inspections or surveys, lacking both the capability and available technologies for comprehensive detection of runway and its underground conditions. In this paper, considering a specific airport runway in China that experienced collapse hazards due to cavities, three-dimensional ground-penetrating radar (3D GPR) is explored for detecting potential hazards on the runway and its surroundings. By analyzing the detection data, the formation and distribution of collapses were examined clearly based on B-scan and C-Scan, and then assessed obviously the safety conditions of the airport runway. The research work and its findings provide a new valuable insight of NDT method for guiding comprehensive inspections and maintenance of large airport runways.

Upaya Meningkatkan Pelayanan untuk Mencapai on Time Performance pada Petugas Check in Counter Maskapai Batik Air di Bandar Udara Jenderal Ahmad Yani Semarang

Punctuality for airport officials, especially On Time Performance (OTP) which is an important factor that must be fulfilled in air transportation activities, if On Time Performance (OTP) is not achieved, it will have various impacts. One of the units responsible for the smooth running of passengers is check-in Counter. This study discusses the obstacles of officers and solutions that can be done so that there are no delays in the unit Check-In in creating On Time Performance in flight. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method. The collection of research data was carried out by means of interviews, observations, documentation and literature studies in the Check In Counter work unit area of Jenderal Ahmad Yani Airport Semarang. Based on the research findings, there are challenges faced by the check-in counter staff in achieving On Time Performance (OTP) for Batik Air at Jenderal Ahmad Yani International Airport in Semarang. These challenges are divided into two factors: internal and external. The internal factors include system server check-in failures and insufficient time allocated for the check-in process. Meanwhile, external factors involve passengers who cannot present valid identification, those arriving at the last minute, or passengers who are late for check-in. To address these issues and improve OTP, Batik Air has taken measures by ensuring that check-in counter personnel meet the required criteria and possess the necessary competence to follow the established standard operating procedures. Additionally, check-in staff are trained to be friendly, responsive, and prioritize passengers who are already in line, especially those arriving 15 minutes before the check-in counter closes.

Additional Taxi-Out Time Prediction for Flights at Busy Airports by Fusing Flow Control Information

The taxi-out time of an airport scene can be categorized into the unimpeded taxi-out time and the additional taxi-out time. Usually, additional taxi-out time is used as a key index to monitor taxi-out performance, and its accurate prediction plays an important role in optimizing the allocation of time slots at an airport and improving scene operation efficiency. Taking Shanghai Pudong International Airport as the research object, we first analyze its layout and construct the origin–destination pairs (ODPs) based on the stand groups and runways. Then, we develop a multiple linear regression model based on the arrival and departure flows to calculate the unimpeded taxi-out times for all ODPs. The actual taxi-out time is then subtracted from the unimpeded taxi-out time to obtain the historical additional taxi-out time of each flight. We propose three new flow features related to the structure: the corridor departure flow, the corridor arrival flow, and the departure flow proportion of ODPs, based on which we construct a dataset for training the prediction model. We then propose an additional taxi-out time prediction model based on the nutcracker optimization algorithm (NOA) and XGBoost and run comparison experiments on the operation data of our target airport. The results show that the optimized prediction model we proposed has the best performance compared with the traditional XGBoost model and other commonly used prediction models, and the proposed structure-related features have high correlations with additional taxi-out time.

Onrechmatige Daad and Default on Supreme Court Decision Number: Number: 1120 K / Pdt/2022 Jo. Number: 342 / Pdt / 2021 / PT MDN 342 / Pdt / 2021 / PT MDN.

Procurement agreements have a very important function in the development of the country's economy, the amount of state money involved in this agreement is very large. Failure to fulfill this feat is often the basis for the injured party not to execute the agreement. The existence of parties who do not run the agreement often arise disputes because there are parties who feel disadvantaged as a result of this. The purpose of this research is to: 1). Describe the form of unlawful acts and defaults in the implementation of the procurement of goods and services in the decision of the Supreme Court Number: 1120 K/Pdt/2022 Jo. Decision number: 342/Pdt/2021 / PT MDN, 2). Reviewing legal considerations by judges in Supreme Court decision number: 1120 K/Pdt/2022 Jo. Decision number: 342/Pdt/2021 / PT MDN, 3). Reviewing the legal settlement of disputes over the procurement of goods and services that are not in accordance with the agreement on the Supreme Court decision number: 1120 K/Pdt/2022 Jo. No.342 / Pdt / 2021 / PT MDN. This type of research is normative legal research the data source of this research is secondary data, which includes: primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. The method of data collection using the study of literature and documents. Analysis of research data using normative analysis of research results obtained a conclusion that: 1). Form of tort and tort in the Procurement Agreement of goods and services with number: PJJ.04.04.01/05/07/2019/0104 about the procurement and installation of AC (Air Conditioner) at Garbarata Kualanamu Deli Serdang International Airport in the Supreme Court decision number: 1120 K/Pdt/2022 Jo. No.342/Pdt/2021/PT MDN is the plaintiff/comparator/applicant for Cassation I / respondent to Cassation II (CV. Marendal Mas) is considered to have done what was promised, but it is too late and the defendant/compared/applicant Cassation II / respondent Cassation I (PT. Angkasa Pura II Kualanamu Airport Branch) did not immediately make payment for the work that the plaintiff/comparator plaintiff/comparator/Cassation applicant I/Cassation respondent did, as a result CV. Marendal Mas felt aggrieved because he could not pay the working capital of the bank and declared bad loans and collateral threatened with auction.

Results of the study on the baseline status of flight-associated periodontal pathology in civil aviation flight personnel

Aim. To assess the baseline condition of periodontal structures in civil aviation flight personnel in order to improve the algorithm for treatment and preventive dental care.Materials and Methods. A periodontal examination of the oral cavity was conducted for 120 flight personnel at the physician-sanitary unit of Dushanbe International Airport. The participants were divided into five groups: flight personnel with mild chronic gingivitis, moderate chronic gingivitis, mild chronic periodontitis, moderate chronic periodontitis, and a control group of flight personnel with healthy periodontium. The clinical course of chronic gingivitis and periodontitis was evaluated using oral hygiene and periodontal indices.Results and Discussion. Inflammatory periodontal diseases, such as chronic gingivitis and periodontitis of moderate severity (Groups II and IV), presented with more pronounced symptoms, including severe inflammatory reactions of the periodontal tissues and poor oral hygiene, compared to those in Groups I and III.Conclusion. The study demonstrated that papillary-marginal-alveolar (PMA) index, bleeding index, and oral hygiene scores were significantly elevated in flight personnel with mild to moderate chronic periodontitis, highlighting the need for targeted treatment and preventive care.

A Rare Tropical Cyclone Associated With Southwest Monsoon Over the Northern Part of the South China Sea—Tropical Storm Maliksi

AbstractThis study examines the characteristics and development of Tropical Storm Maliksi, which is a special case of tropical cyclone developed in the northwestern part of the South China Sea during a southwest monsoon outbreak. Detailed analyses were conducted using observational data and forecast products. Surface observations, radar wind profilers, aircraft data, and satellite products were used to evaluate Maliksi's wind structure, revealing multiple circulation centers and gale force winds. Vertical wind profiles, warm core structure, wind waves, and the influence of sea temperatures and salinity on Maliksi's intensification were investigated. Regarding forecasting, AI‐based models outperformed conventional numerical weather prediction (NWP) models in predicting Maliksi's initial development, though both struggled to capture the persistence of strong winds as the system moved inland. High‐resolution NWP simulations were employed to examine terrain‐induced wind variability around Hong Kong International Airport, revealing the mountain wake effect and uneven wind and turbulence distribution. These findings provide insights into the challenges of forecasting and monitoring such tropical cyclones, and highlight the need for enhanced observational platforms and forecasting tools along coastlines vulnerable to these systems.

Risk perception and trust in autonomous vehicles: a case study of ground handling employees at an international airport

Autonomous vehicles are being introduced in confined areas such as airports, mines and freight terminals. While experts anticipate cost reductions, increased flexibility, and safety improvements, there is limited understanding of how workers perceive real-world implementations of autonomous vehicles. A survey was conducted in a sample of 84 employees in the ground handling operations at Oslo International Airport. The employees had experience with autonomous vehicles through the introduction of autonomous snow removal machines. In addition to demographic data, the questionnaire gauged the respondents’ tendencies to approach or avoid technology interaction, their beliefs of being replaced by technology, their perception of risk and trust in autonomous vehicles, and, finally, their trust in actors to mitigate risks. The employees perceived the probability of accidents involving autonomous vehicles and the potential severity of consequences as higher than for manually operated vehicles at airports. Moreover, they reported more worry about the risks associated with autonomous vehicles. The perceived probability of accidents was found to predict trust in autonomous vehicles, while worry about accidents predicted trust in relevant actors to handle the risk. The findings suggest that addressing employees’ cognitive evaluation of risk is essential to calibrate trust in autonomous driving technologies. Additionally, employers and authorities should strive to anticipate and address the worries their employees may have. This proactive approach is likely essential for building trust in the deployment of autonomous vehicles in the workplace and in designing and implementing associated risk-mitigating measures. Future studies should investigate the experiences of employees interacting with autonomous vehicles over longer time horizons to understand the long-term effects on safety, efficiency, and ways of working.

Simulation modeling of passengers flow at airport terminals to reduce delay and enhance level of service

Passenger delays are considered as global issues that influence the overall efficiency of an airport and competitiveness as well as restricting terminal developments. This paper studied Kuwait International Airport Terminal 4 (T4); a new expansion of the old airport. This study mainly aims to analyze the influence of the design on passenger flow in T4 and how it affected the capacity in addition to obtain a path for the passenger movement from the terminal entrance until they reach the gate of the aircraft and vice versa through CAST simulation model. The effect of the T4 design on the overall efficiency was found, the current flow conditions were analyzed and compared with the required Level of Service (LOS) and several developments and expansions were suggested. Passengers flow was studied to improve passenger experience, increase operational efficiencies, maximize retail revenues and increase security effectiveness. It was indicated that customs and security facilities require expansion in areas during peak hours to maintain a high level of performance. However, the check in premium showed the minimum gap between queue capacity and the declared queuing size indicating the high level of service in this area. The results revealed that immigration queueing requires expansion. Moreover, queuing area provision indicates no capacity issues to cope with maximum queue size. The provision of immigration counters according showed no adequate queuing space to cope with MQS. It is recommended to increase the number of economy check-in counters.

Analysis of Airport Operation Control Center (AOCC) Unit Services at Adi Soemarmo Boyolali International Airport

Airport Operation Control Center (AOCC) is the front line in supervising and controlling all problems and is the control center of Adi Soemarmo Solo International Airport operations in serving Airport Service Users. AOCC involves all stakeholders at the Airport by integrating the systems owned by each stakeholder so that they can operate effectively and efficiently. This study aims to determine how the AOCC unit service system is at Adi Soemarmo Boyolali International Airport and what factors can cause problems and solutions to AOCC unit service problems. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The data used are primary and secondary data. Primary data is obtained from observation and interviews, while secondary data comes from literature studies and photographs related to the problems studied. The data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. To test the validity of the data, triangulation techniques are used. The research time is in August - September 2023. The results of this study indicate that a good service system was found by the Airport Operation Control Center (AOCC) Unit to service users starting from coordination with all parties, namely Airlines and Ground Handling, Air Traffic Control (ATC), Apron Movement Control (AMC), Information Unit, Aviation Security, Airport Operation Landside And Terminal (AOLT), Traffic Administration Office and Central Flight Schedule Office (CFSO) and the Airport Mechanical Unit. The service system uses the ACDM (Airport Collaborative Decision Making) system, namely with collaboration between stakeholders to share information between related parties in real time and make joint decisions in a win-solution manner. Factors that can cause problems are related to coordination between one and another so that it can harm several parties. The solution to various problems is to implement ACDM (Airport Collaborative Decision Making), where related units in airport operations synergize with each other, receive and share information from each unit, make proactive and appropriate joint decisions, anticipate unexpected events and provide the best quality of service, cohesiveness and unity of vision and mission.

The Supervising Role of the Apron Movement Control (AMC) Unit on Aviation Security and Safety at Pattimura Ambon International Airport

Security and safety are crucial factors in aviation activities, considering the sensitivity of air transportation that requires assurance of safety at all times. The success of the AMC unit's tasks and responsibilities is measured by their ability to optimize supervision, thus creating safe and secure conditions, in accordance with applicable regulations. This study aims to evaluate the role of the AMC unit in ensuring security and safety in the airside area of Pattimura Ambon International Airport and to identify obstacles in supervision in the area. The approach used in this study is descriptive qualitative. The data collected consists of primary and secondary data. Primary data is obtained through observation and interviews, while secondary data comes from literature studies and photographs related to the problem being studied. Data analysis techniques involve data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. To ensure the validity of the data, triangulation techniques are used. The research was conducted in March 2024. The results of the study indicate that the AMC unit at Pattimura Ambon International Airport has carried out supervision well in accordance with the standard operating procedures PM-IK (Quality Procedures and Work Instructions). Supervision covers four components of the work area: Airport Operation Control Center (AOCC), Data Entry, Field Inspection, and Aviobridge Operations. Supervision is carried out through inspections every two hours for FOD and fuel spills, supervision of aircraft movements and engine running up/idle, GSE vehicle speed, and worker compliance with the use of Personal Protective Equipment. The AMC unit strives to implement the 3S+1C principle (Safety, Security, Service, and Compliance). The obstacles faced include a shortage of personnel, which causes an increase in workload and less than optimal supervision, as well as violations by service users or workers in the airside area, which have the potential to cause accidents.

Analysis of Apron Movement Control (AMC) Personnel Availability Towards Airside Supervision Operational Activities of PT Angkasa Pura I Pattimura Ambon International Airport

Apron Movement Control (AMC) is a unit that is responsible for flight operations, aircraft movement supervision, vehicle traffic, passengers and cleanliness supervision in the airside area and recording flight data on the apron. AMC officers are one of the factors that also determine the achievement of organizational goals in the airport sector, because the human resources of AMC officers are the subject of every activity in the organization, the assessment for subjects is carried out through their performance assessment. Through a combination of human resources, facilities/equipment and procedures in a series of elements that work together in carrying out the functions and tasks of supervision and service on the airside so that the goals are achieved. This study aims to determine the supervision of the AMC unit at Pattimura Ambon International Airport in terms of human resources and supporting facilities as well as obstacles in carrying out supervision in the airside area and efforts to overcome obstacles. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The data used are primary and secondary data. Primary data is obtained from observation and interviews, while secondary data comes from literature studies and photographs related to the problems studied. The data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. To test the validity of the data, the triangulation technique is used. The research time was in March 2024. The results of the study showed that the supervision of the AMC unit at Pattimura Ambon International Airport was carried out in accordance with PM-IK (Quality Procedures and Work Instructions), starting from supervision of FOD (foreign object debris), fuel spills, vehicle speed according to SKEP/140/VI/1999, supervision of aircraft movements, supervision of the use of PPE according to procedures and supervision of wind running up / idle. The number of AMC unit human resources currently has 7 personnel consisting of 6 implementing personnel and 1 leader. The AMC unit has equipment that is suitable for use including Handy Talky (HT), Telescope (Binoculars), Computer, Ear Muff, Bad Marshaller, Sunglasses, Light Stick, Raincoat, Follow Me Car, Speed Trap and CCTV. The obstacle in AMC supervision is the lack of personnel so that the workload increases and there are still service users / workers who violate the rules on the airside. The AMC unit has attempted to submit additional personnel and the AMC unit strictly enforces service user discipline according to procedure.

Exploring the Impact of Airport Services on Passenger Satisfaction in Tanzania: A Case Study of Julius Nyerere International Airport

Satisfying passengers at the airport has been the cornerstone for airlines and airports in air transport service. This study aimed to understand the effects of airline-related quality service dimensions on overall passenger satisfaction at airports. The study intended to analyse the effect of pre-flight, in-flight, and post-flight services on passenger satisfaction at the airport. Passengers begin to interact with air transport services when booking a ticket, and airline-related service dimensions are considered part of the broader concept of airport services, which should be integrated as they overlap in satisfying passengers at the airport. Previous research focused extensively on airport-related factors but overlooked the specific impacts of airline services on overall passenger satisfaction. The study was guided by Total airport experience framework considering holistic view of passenger satisfaction. The study used a descriptive research design which targeted all international passengers travelled through Julius Nyerere International Airport at the time of conducting this study. In this regard, the study included departing and arriving passengers from Terminal III at the final lounge and baggage claim area. The Webb et al (1996) guidelines were used to determine the sample size which suggests that for population above 2,000, a sample of 1% is appropriate; The population consisted of 18,000 passengers arriving and departing at Julius Nyerere international Airport during the time of conducting survey; thus 180 passenger were selected randomly ensuring that every passenger had an equal chance of being selected. Collection of data invloved questionnaires with close-ended and open-ended questions. Descriptive analysis of collected data was conducted to summarize the main variables through utilizing the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) for data analysis to obtain percentages and frequencies. The findings indicated that several dimensions of airline-related service influence passenger satisfaction: pre-flight, in-flight, and post-flight dimensions. The findings revealed that these three dimensions positively affect passenger satisfaction. For instance, in pre-flight services, respondents reported satisfaction, highlighting the crucial role of effective management of pre-flight services in determining positive initial travel experiences. High satisfaction rates were also observed for in-flight services, emphasizing the importance of onboard amenities and crew responsiveness. However, post-flight services showed areas for improvement to enhance the overall passenger experience. Additionally, the results highlighted the strategic necessity for airlines and airports to prioritize service excellence across all touchpoints of the passenger journey. Enhancing service quality and responsiveness, particularly in mishap resolution and service delivery which are crucial for maintaining a competitive advantage and fostering customer loyalty. The study concluded that passenger satisfaction is highly influenced by three primary dimensions of airline related service: pre-flight, in-flight, and post-flight dimensions. The study recommends the Airline and airport operators to focus on improving service quality delivery across all touch points of passengers journey by implementing an integrated approach such as coordinated decision making.

Research on Safety Separation Distance in Paired Approach Based on Monte Carlo Simulation

Faced with the increasing number of flights, efficient and orderly operations have become a critical issue for busy airports. The closely spaced parallel runway paired approach technology has been proven to be an effective solution for increasing runway capacity and operational efficiency. This research focuses on determining the safety separation between paired aircraft, particularly the collision safety limit. This study refines the kinematic modeling process by constructing a three-dimensional kinematic model and advancing the starting point of paired approach, making the simulation process more aligned with reality. Subsequently, the Monte Carlo simulation method is applied, integrating the kinematic model and considering collision risks to simulate the entire paired approach process. Multiple scenarios are created, and simulation experiments are conducted to determine the safety separation between the two paired aircraft. Finally, by adjusting parameter settings and taking the example of the two closely spaced parallel runways at Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport, the correlation between various influencing factors and the safety separation is analyzed. Different scenarios are simulated 100,000 times each, and the results show that the speed difference between the two paired aircraft has the most significant impact on the safety separation, followed by the paired approach mode and runway centerline spacing. The wake turbulence category matching has a minimal effect on the safety separation. The results provide a theoretical basis for airports with closely spaced parallel runways to further reduce the separation between paired aircraft, thereby enhancing airport capacity and runway operational efficiency.

Application of the Public-Private Partnership Concept in Airport Development in Bintan Regency to Enhance the Coastal Economy

The efforts of various regions to introduce the identity and beauty of their areas are often hindered by inadequate infrastructure and poor management by local governments. Additionally, funding, which is critical for development, poses a significant challenge. As a solution, Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) offer an alternative approach to budgeting and financing that extends beyond the use of regional (APBD) and national (APBN) budgets. In Bintan Regency, various infrastructure developments aimed at supporting the tourism sector have been undertaken. Notably, PT. Angkasa Pura II, in collaboration with PT. Bintan Aviation Investments, is committed to constructing an international airport designed with Airport Resort Facilities, named Bintan New Airport or Busung Airport, to bolster the economy of Bintan Regency. However, the study reveals that the development, which is anticipated to become a cornerstone of economic strength in Bintan Regency, faces significant challenges from the Airport Business Entity (BUBU). This has resulted in delays and complications in the continuation of the airport construction project between PT. Angkasa Pura II and PT. Bintan Aviation Investments. Despite these obstacles, the partnership remains focused on achieving its goal of enhancing the regional economy through improved infrastructure and tourism facilities. he collaboration between PT. Angkasa Pura II and PT. Bintan Aviation Investments represents a strategic move to leverage private sector efficiency and innovation in public infrastructure projects. Nonetheless, the ongoing challenges with the Airport Business Entity highlight the complexities involved in such partnerships, necessitating careful management and oversight to ensure project continuity and success.

Trust at the border: identifying risk and assessing credibility on reality television

AbstractEvery day, officers working at international airports investigate potential risks to state safety and security. But how do they decide who they can trust, and also ensure that the broader public trusts them to conduct this work? This article explores these questions through an examination of the reality television show Border Security: Australia's Front Line. Through critical discourse analysis of a collection of 108 televised airport encounters, we explore the aspects of communication, behaviour, and identity made salient in officers’ evaluations of passengers’ credibility and critically examine the assumptions underlying them. Further, we consider how power and role divisions are implicated in the construction of passenger and officer credibility, both within border encounters and in discourses about them. Our analysis makes a novel contribution to the literature on credibility assessments in intercultural communication, demonstrating how an institutional and social ‘culture of disbelief’ is constructed vis‐à‐vis certain groups through seemingly banal border work.

Kerjasama Kelembagaan Antara BP2MI dan Ditjen Imigrasi dalam Pencegahan Pekerja Migran Indonesia Non Prosedural di Bandara Soekarno Hatta

The non-procedural departure of Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) is a serious problem in Indonesia, especially due to the high risk of exploitation and human trafficking faced by migrant workers. Soekarno-Hatta International Airport as the main departure point is a strategic location in an effort to prevent non-procedural migrant workers. Cooperation between the Indonesian Migrant Workers Protection Agency (BP2MI) and the Directorate General of Immigration is crucial in ensuring that only migrant workers who meet official procedures can depart, in order to provide more effective protection. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive case study method. Data are collected through the review of policy documents. The cooperation between BP2MI and Immigration has made a significant contribution in preventing thousands of non-procedural migrant workers from going abroad. However, this study also reveals the need for increased cooperation in several aspects. Policy reforms are needed, especially in immigration policies related to the supervision and control system at the point of departure, as well as policies that regulate the protection of migrant workers, both before departure and after return. With this policy reform, it is hoped that the collaboration between BP2MI and Immigration can be more effective and sustainable in protecting migrant workers from potential exploitation and human trafficking.

Aerosol particle number concentration, ultrafine particle number fraction, and new particle formation measurements near the international airports in Berlin, Germany – First results from the BEAR study

Studies revealed airports as a prominent source of ultrafine particles (UFP), which can disperse downwind to residential areas, raising health concerns. To expand our understanding of how air traffic-related emissions influence total particle number concentration (PNC) in the airport’s surrounding areas, we conduct long-term assessment of airborne particulate exposure before and after relocation of air traffic from “Otto Lilienthal” Airport (TXL) to Berlin Brandenburg Airport “Willy Brandt” (BER) in Berlin, Germany. Here, we provide insights into the spatial–temporal variability of PNC measured in 16 schools recruited for Berlin-Brandenburg Air Study (BEAR).The results show that the average PNC in Berlin was 7900 ± 7000 cm−3, consistent with other European cities. The highest median PNC was recorded in spring (6700 cm−3) and the lowest in winter (5100 cm−3). PNC showed a bi-modal increase during morning and evening hours at most measurement sites due to road-traffic emissions. A comparison between measurements at the schools and fixed monitoring sites revealed good agreement at distances up to 5 km. A noticeable decline in this agreement occurred as the distance between measurement sites increased. After TXL was closed, PNC in surrounding areas decreased by 30 %. The opposite trend was not seen after BER was re-opened after the COVID-lock-down, as the air traffic has not reached the full capacity yet. The analysis of particle number size distribution data showed that UFP number fraction exhibit seasonal variations, with higher values in spring and autumn. This can be explained by nucleation events, which notably affected PNC.The presented findings will play a pivotal role in forthcoming source attribution and epidemiological investigations, offering a holistic understanding of airports’ impact on airborne pollutant levels and their health implications. The study calls for further investigations of air-traffic-related physical–chemical pollutant properties in areas found further away (> 10 km) from airports.

Airport Express Passenger Flow Prediction Based on “Time-Feature” Cooperative Attention

Accurate prediction of airport express passenger flow is the basis for realizing intelligent, refined and efficient management and control of the airport rail transit system, and is of great significance to improving airport service levels and operational efficiency. Due to the numerous influencing factors that overlap with each other, and the complex mechanism of factors affecting passenger flow timing, accurate prediction of airport express passenger flow is extremely challenging. This paper proposes an airport express rail passenger flow prediction model based on the "time-feature" collaborative attention mechanism, which achieves accurate capture of the impact of multi-dimensional factors on airport express rail passenger flow in different time series. Experiments were conducted based on actual passenger flow data of the Beijing Capital International Airport Express Rail Link, and the results showed the effectiveness of the proposed method.