International Agricultural Research Institute Research Articles

Using the GlutoPeak Tester in Determining the Quality Characteristics of Some Bread Wheat Varieties

The aim of this study is to determine the physical, chemical and technological, rheological properties of 10 registered bread wheat varieties developed by Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Institute and their quality status in bread analyzes and GutoPeak analyzes. At the same time, it is aimed to investigate the relationships between physical, chemical, technological, rheological and bread analyzes with GlutoPeak quality parameters and to reveal the potentials of the varieties. In the study, some quality parameters and significance levels between varieties were determined. Also, the results obtained from the GlutoPeak analysis are explained by comparing them with other quality parameters. Protein ratio, wet gluten and Zeleny sedimentation values were found to be highly correlated with GlutoPeak AM, BEM, AGGRE, PM, GPRT, GW and GWA. In addition, it was determined that there was a high correlation between farinograph water absorption and GlutoPeak AGGRE, AM, BEM, GGLT, GPRT, GW, GWA and PM values. Alveograph W value was positively correlated with GlutoPeak AM, BEM, PM, GPRT, GGLT, GW, GWA and AGGRE values and negatively correlated with PMT. The results obtained in terms of the examined characteristics in this study show that some varieties stand out in terms of different quality characteristics. With the results of this study, it was determined that the GlutoPeak device can detect the quality of wheat flour with less sample and in a short time, therefore, GlutoPeak analysis will be useful in variety development and similar studies in bread wheat.

Determination of Resistance of Winter Wheat Varieties Against Root and Crown Rot Fusarium culmorum Under the Artificial Drought Conditions

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the recent increase in the frequency of drought conditions and Root-Crown Rot (Fusarium pseudograminearum, Fusarium culmorum) in rainfed wheat growing areas of Central Anatolia. In 2018, the experiment was established in the greenhouse of Konya Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Institute using 25 registered wheat varieties in a randomised block split-plot experimental design with 4 replications. Irrigation levels (100% field capacity and 50% field capacity) were designed as main plots, inoculation (+ and -) as subplots and varieties as sub-subplots. In the study, the response of the cultivars to inoculation under artificial drought conditions was evaluated by measuring Crown Score (CR), Lesion Length (LL), Number of Diseased Leaves from outside to inside (NDL) and Plant Height (PH) from five plants in each pot. Statistically, the differences between inoculation, irrigation, NDL and LL were found to be significant at P<0.0001 level, while the differences between varieties were found to be significant at P<0.001 level for the CR parameter. On the other hand, when the interactions were evaluated for the NDL parameter, the differences were found to be significant at P<0.0001 level for all three interactions of cultivar*inoculation, cultivar*irrigation and cultivar*inoculation*irrigation. When the effect of reduced water application intended to be used in resistance breeding was evaluated for 25 different varieties under Fusarium culmorum inoculation, there was an increase in CR from 41,7% (Gerek-79) to 487,5% (Altay-2000), NDL from 7,14% (Kirgiz-95) to 200% (Alpu-2001), LL from -36,84% (Karahan-99) to 283,33% (Altay-2000) and in PH reduction from 12,41% (Seval) to 32,22% (Kirgiz-95). The results showed that drought-stressed plants were already weakened and therefore more easily and severely infected by pathogens. According to these results, it has been determined that it is very important for the region to obtain resistance to drought and crown rot diseases, which have such an obvious relationship, in breeding studies.

Farklı Çevre Koşullarının Buğdayda Zeleny Sedimantasyon ve Ekmek Özelliklerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi

This study was carried out in Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Institute in the growing period of 2014-2015 with 14 different bread wheat varieties in rainfed and irrigated growing conditions according to a Randomized Block Trial Design with 2 replications. In the study, Zeleny sedimentation values and bread weight and bread volume traits of bread wheat varieties were investigated. Differences between varieties grown in irrigated and rainfed conditions were evaluated statistically. Zeleny sedimentation values were changed between 26.00-39.50 ml, bread weight was between 140.20-146.5 g, bread volume was between 340-475 cm3 and specific volume was between 2.36-3.37 cm3/g in rainfed conditions, while Zeleny sedimentation values were between 31-51 ml, bread weight was between 141.61-149.47 g, bread volume was 367.50-485.00 cm3 and specific volume 2.48-3.38 cm3/g in irrigated conditions. It has been determined that the varieties grown in irrigated conditions gave better values than in rainfed conditions in terms of the examined quality parameters.

A Morphometric Study on Skulls of Hasmer and Hasak Sheep Breeds

The aim of the study was to investigate the head structures of two domestic sheep breeds (Hasak and Hasmer) in Turkey. Gender neutral eight adult Hasmer sheep of 45-66 kg and eight Hasak sheep breeds of 43-66 kg obtained from Bahri Dag˘das¸ International Agricultural Research Institute were used in this study. Measurements were made using digital caliper from 40 points on the skulls of both species. The skull of Hasmer sheep (265.56 ± 14.08) was longer than the skull of Hasak sheep (262.86 ± 9.65). However, the length of the arcus alveolaris maxillaris (77.01 ± 5.08), the length of the molar teeth (50.81 ± 1.22) and the length of the premolar teeth (26.16 ± 4.62) of Hasak sheep were compared to the Hasmer sheep (71.59, ± 5.25; 47.99 ± 3.64; 24.03 ± 3.76, respectively) was observed to be greater. According to these findings, although the skull length of Hasak sheep was shorter than that of Hasmer sheep and arcus alveolaris maxillaris in which molar and premolar teeth were placed was longer. In Hasmer sheep the values of greatest breadth of the foramen magnum, height of the foramen magnum (basion - opisthion), greatest neurocranium breadth-greatest breadth of the braincase (euryon - euryon) were higher than those of Hasak sheep. The difference between these values was also statistically significant (p <0.05). The lateral length of the premaxilla (nasointermaxillare- prosthion) parameter measured between these two species was statistically very important (p <0.01). In conclusion, in this study craniometric values depending on skull morphology of Hasmer and Hasak sheep which accepted as native breeds of Turkey were tried, to reveal similarities and differences with other sheep breeds in both amongst themselves.

Knowledge domain and emerging trends of climate-smart agriculture: a bibliometric study.

Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is a new agricultural development pattern to address future food crises. Since CSA was proposed in 2010, it has attracted the attention of scholars from all over the world. It is of great significance to scientifically summarize the overview and emerging trends of CSA research, providing ideas for scholars concerned about CSA to engage in research in this field. Based on bibliometrics and CSA-related literature data in the WOS database, this paper used CiteSpace software to draw knowledge maps to scientifically analyze publications in the field of CSA. Our study found that (1) CSA research is showing a rapid upward trend, focusing on the environmental sciences and agricultural economic management; (2) international organizations such as the FAO, World Bank, and the international agricultural research institute have made significant contributions to CSA research; (3) among the nine clusters in the CSA literature, CSA practice, conservation agriculture, smallholder farmers, and sub-Saharan Africa have been consistently given high attention; (4) CSA research can be divided into three phases, and the research hotspots have transferred from essential elements of CSA to household and carbon emissions. We believe that in future research, more attention should be paid to the trade-off and synergy of the three pillars of CSA, as well as the investment, finance, and evaluation criteria of CSA. Such strengthening is of great significance to the sustainable promotion of CSA.

Examination of blood cortisol and some parameters at parturition and on 30th day postpartum in single and twin - pregnant ewes

Lambs gain about 70 % of their birth weight in the last 6 weeks of pregnancy. In this period, many physiological events occur in ewe metabolism. The increase in the number of fetuses also affects these events. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of single and twin pregnancy on serum cortisol, glucose, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, total protein, total cholesterol, calcium and phosphorus levels at birth and postpartum days. This study was conducted on 2 - 3 aged single (n = 11) and twin (n = 8) pregnant Anatolian Merino ewes which housed the Department of Animal Breeding and Animal Production of Konya Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Institute in Turkey. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein immediately after parturition and on 30th day postpartum in single and twin pregnant ewes. According to the data obtained, the differences between single and twin pregnant ewes of serum cortisol and phosphorus values at parturition were found statistically significant. The differences between parturition and 30th day postpartum were found statistically significant for the cortisol and glucose values in single pregnant ewes. The differences between the parturition and 30th day postpartum for glucose, triglyceride and phosphorus values were found statistically significant in twin pregnant ewes. In conclusion, it can be said that cortisol and some blood parameters in ewes are affected by pregnancy and the number of fetuses.

The Branching Pattern of the Nervus Ischiadicus after Passing through the Foramen Ischiadicum Majus in Hasak Sheep Breed

Background: Hasak is a sheep breed, developed as a result of crossbreeding studies at Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Institute. The aim of this study was to examine the macroanatomical structure of the nervus ischiadicus outside the cavum pelvis in Hasak sheep breed. Methods: 5 Hasak sheep were used for this study. After opening the body cavities of the cadavers, they were fixed in formaldehyde solution. The branches of the nervus ischiadicus were dissected separately and photographed. Result: It was observed that nervus ischiadicus was emitting nervus gluteus caudalis immediately after leaving the foramen ischiadicum majus. After this branching nervus ischiadicus coursed ventrally and it was divided into two nerves: nervus tibialis and the common root of nervus peroneus communis and nervus cutaneus surae caudalis.

Preface

Preface of ICAFS 2020 Proceedings The 2020 International Conference on Agricultural and Food Science (4th ICAFS 2020) was successfully held during October 28-30, 2020. It was organized by Asia-Pacific Association of Science, Engineering and Technology, Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Institute (Turkey), in collaboration with multiple academic affiliations.Originally, the ICAFS 2020 was planned to take place in Istanbul, Turkey, and this was prepared long before the ICAFS 2019 was held. However, the COVID-19 pandemic turned to be a serious global health threat then, due to the global situation and the implementation of worldwide travel restriction, ICAFS 2020 was changed to be held online through Zoom software, instead of being postponed or cancelled. The decision was consulted with organizers and scientific members; on one hand, the immediacy of academic exchange is important; on the other hand, the safety and well-being of all conference participants is our priority. This approach meets participants’ communication needs without gathering.ICAFS has been designed to provide an innovative and comprehensive overview of agricultural and food sciences. A focus was given on: Animal & Plant Sciences; Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences; Aquiculture and Fishery Sciences; Soil & Environmental Science; Food Science and Technology; Agricultural Environment, Sustainable and Resources, etc.The conference model including keynote, invited and oral presentations, poster presentations and online Q&A discussion. The conference chair, Dr. Bülent Bülbül, conveyed a warm welcome and made a brief introduction to this conference. In the keynote, invited and oral sessions, total 12 speakers presented their study in above areas, each presentation lasts about 20-30 minutes. The topics of various themes had been discussed from the aspect of fundamental as well as application parts.We are glad to share with you that we have received lots of submissions from the conference. Hence, we selected a bunch of high-quality papers and compiled them into the proceedings after rigorously reviewed them. All the 38 papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of International publication standard.Lastly, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to the conference chairman, all members of conference committee, the distinguished keynote speakers, as well as all the participants. We would like to thank all of the reviewers and members of conference committee who have dedicated their constant support and countless time to bring these scratches into the proceedings. We also want to thank the publisher for publishing the proceedings. May the readers could enjoy the gain some valuable knowledge from the proceedings. We encourage all of you to keep supporting the conference and sharing your knowledge and professional expertise, and we are expecting more and more experts and scholars from all over the world to join this international event next year.ICAFS2020 Organizing CommitteeList of Committees are available in this pdf.

A Macroanatomic and Morphometric Study on the Hasak Sheep Mandible

The study was carried out to reveal some macroanatomical and morphometric values on the Hasak sheep mandible. In the study, eight reformed dead Hasak sheep mandibles from Konya Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute were used. The length between 19 different points in the mandible of Hasak sheep was measured and the values obtained were compared with other sheep breeds. As a result of this comparison, it has been determined that the mandible length and mandible height values of Hasak sheep are higher than Hemsin, Morkaraman, Tuj, Mehraban, Iranian domestic sheep breeds and lower than that of Konya merino, Hasmer, Yankasa, Barbados Black Belly sheep. In addition, in other comparisons, it has been determined that the mandible measurement values of Hasak sheep are higher than some sheep breeds, while it is lower than some sheep breeds. These results are of clinical importance to assist in regional anesthesia of the mandibular and mental nerves, especially during surgical operation, tooth extraction and treatment in the mandible.

Determination of the Effect of Different Growing Conditions on the Farinograph Characteristics of Some Bread Wheat Varieties

Bu çalışma, 14 ekmeklik buğday çeşidinin farinograf özelliklerine kuru ve sulu yetiştirme koşullarının etkisini belirlemek amacıyla Bahri Dağdaş Uluslararası Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsünde 2014-2015 yılı yetiştirme döneminde tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinin farinograf parametreleri (gelişme süresi, su absorbsiyonu, stabilite, 10. ve 12. dakika yumuşama değeri) incelenmiştir. Kuru ve sulu koşullarda yetiştirilen çeşitler arasındaki farklar istatistiki olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Farinograf gelişme süresi (p&amp;lt;0.001), su absorbsiyonu (p&amp;lt;0.001), stabilite (p&amp;lt;0.001), 10. dakika yumuşama değeri (p&amp;lt;0.001) ve 12. dakika yumuşama değeri (p&amp;lt;0.001) arasındaki farklar önemli bulunmuştur. Sulu koşullarda gelişme süresi, su absorbsiyonu ve stabilite değerlerinin kuru koşullarda elde edilen değerlerden daha yüksek, 10. ve 12. dakika yumuşama değerlerinin ise daha düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir.

End User Involvement on Performance of Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research Institutes in Kenya

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of end user involvement on performance of consultative group on international agricultural research institutes in Kenya.Methodology: This research study adopted a descriptive research design approach. The researcher prefers this method because it allows an in-depth study of the subject. The target population were procurement 152 officers in the consultative group on international agricultural research institutes in Kenya. This study used census as a rule of thumb since the population of procurement officers in consultative group on international agricultural research institutes is less than 200. The study combined two methods in its data collection that is, questionnaires and key informant interviews. After data collection, quantitative data was coded using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistical methods such as means, standard deviation, frequencies and percentage. Inferential analyses were used in relation to correlation analysis and regression analysis to test the relationship between the four explanatory variables and the explained variableResults and conclusion: The findings of the study indicated that need identification phase, design phase, implementation phase and maintenance phase have a positive relationship with performance of consultative group on international agricultural research institutes in Kenya.Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: The study recommended that institutions should embrace need identification phase, design phase, implementation phase and maintenance phase so as to improve performance of consultative group on international agricultural research institutes and further researches should to be carried out in other institutions to find out if the same results can be obtained.

Preface of ICAFS 2019 Proceedings

We are glad to introduce you that the 2019 International Conference on Agricultural and Food Science (3rd ICAFS2019) was successfully held during December 8-10, 2019 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.The ICAFS 2019 was organized by Asia-Pacific Association of Science, Engineering and Technology, Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Institute, in collaboration with multiple academic affiliations. In 2019 it was the 3rd ICAFS. Previous ICAFS were successfully held in Istanbul, Turkey (2018) and Lahore, Pakistan (2017).It has been designed to provide an innovative and comprehensive overview of agricultural and food sciences. A focus was given on: Animal & Plant Sciences; Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences; Aquiculture and Fishery Sciences; Soil & Environmental Science; Food Science and Technology; Agricultural Environment, Sustainable and Resources, etc.Various disciplines, including biology, nutrition, chemistry, biotechnology, microbiology, genomics, toxicology, etc., are contributing to agricultural and food sciences. Merging interdisciplinary is the stew in which creativity and innovation thrive. Such interactive creates insights by exposing researchers to ideas from other disciplines besides their own area of specialization. In this conference, we intended to present and discuss various themes from the aspect of fundamental as well as application parts.We are glad to share with you that we have received lots of submissions from the conference. Hence, we selected a bunch of high-quality papers and compiled them into the proceedings after rigorously reviewed them. All the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of International publication standard.Lastly, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to the Chairman, all members of conference committee, the distinguished keynote speakers, as well as all the participants. We would like to thank all of the reviewers and members of conference committee who have dedicated their constant support and countless time to bring these scratches into the proceedings. We also want to thank the publisher for publishing the proceedings. May the readers could enjoy the gain some valuable knowledge from the proceedings. We encourage all of you to keep supporting the conference and sharing your knowledge and professional expertise, and we are expecting more and more experts and scholars from all over the world to join this international event next year.ICAFS2019 Organizing Committee

Evaluation of gluten quality of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes with glutopeak device

Bu çalışma, 2017-2018 ve 2018-2019 yetiştirme sezonunda Bahri Dağdaş Uluslararası Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü merkez lokasyonunda kuru ve sulu şartlarda 13 adet ekmeklik buğday genotipi ile yürütülmüştür. Deneme örnekleri kepeği ayrılarak öğütülmüş ve Glutopik cihazında Hızlı Un Kontrol Metoduna göre (Rapid Flour Check Method) analiz edilmiştir. Glutopik verileri maksimum torktan 15 saniye (s) önceki tork (AM), maksimum tork değeri (BEM), maksimum torka kadar geçen süre (PMT), maksimum torktan 15 saniye sonraki tork (PM), protein oranı (GPRT), yaş gluten (GGLT), enerji değeri (GW), su absorbsiyonu (GSAB), startup enerji (S. enerji) ve agregasyon enerji (A. enerji) olarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca Farinograf su absorbsiyonu (FSAB), Alveograf enerji değeri (AW), yaş gluten (YGLT), protein oranı (PRT) ve sertlik analizleri (SRT) yapılmıştır. Glutopik cihazı verileri ile klasik yöntemle yapılan analizler değerlendirilip korelasyonlar incelenmiştir. AM ile FSAB r= 0.5579 ve AW r= 0.3580, BEM değeri ile FSAB r= 0.7665, SRT r= 0.4089, YGLT r= 0.3745, PMT ile PRT arasında r= -0.3583, FSAB arasında r= -0.6385 P &amp;lt;0.01 düzeyinde önemli korelasyonlar bulunmuştur. GPRT ile PRT arasında r= 0.3592, GGLT ile YGLT arasında r= 0.3506, GW ile AW arasında r= 0.3919, GSAB ile FSAB arasında r= 0.8280 P &amp;lt;0.01 düzeyinde önemli ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Glutopik cihazında elde edilen özellikler ile FSAB arasında yüksek korelasyon belirlenirken PRT, YGLT, AW arasında da önemli korelasyon olduğu belirlenmiştir. PMT değeri ile diğer özellikler arasında negatif ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu veriler doğrultusunda ekmeklik buğday genotiplerinin gluten kalitesinin değerlendirilmesinde, az örnekle kısa sürede analiz gerçekleştirildiğinden Glutopik cihazı kullanımının kolaylık sağlayacağını söyleyebiliriz.

Evaluation of Yield and Some Quality Characteristics of Soybean (Glycine Max. L.) Lines and Cultivars Grown in Konya Conditions

Bu çalışma ile Bahri Dağdaş Uluslararası Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü’ nde yürütülen soya ıslah programı kapsamında kullanılan soya fasulyesi genotiplerinin verim ve bazı kalite özellikleri yönünden incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada 2015-2016 yılları arasında Konya koşullarında yetiştirilen 9 hat (ÇU 03 75 1, ÇU 05-62, KA 04-06-01, KKMA 118, KSA 26, KSA19-1, KSUS 157, S01 08 15 ve Sa 88) ile 5 tescilli çeşit (Umut 2002, Arısoy, Ataem 7, Çetinbey, Nova) soya fasulyesi kullanılmıştır. 2015 yılına ait bin tane ağırlığı, rutubet oranı, protein ve yağ miktarı ortalamaları sırasıyla 161.04 g, %10.14, %40.30 (km) ve % 19.10 (km) olarak bulunmuştur. 2016 yılına ait bin tane ağırlığı, rutubet oranı, protein ve yağ oranları ortalamaları ise sırasıyla 157.98 g, %8,70, %38.77 (km) ve % 19.67 (km) olarak tespit edilmiştir. 1. yıl elde edilen verim (354.02 kg da-1) 2. yıldan (256.55 kg da-1) yüksek olmuştur. Her iki yıldan elde edilen sonuçların ortalaması değerlendirildiğinde 2, 3, 5 ve 7 no’ lu hatlara ait bin tane ağırlığı standart ortalamaların üzerinde bulunmuştur. 2, 3 ve 7 no’ lu hatlarda protein oranı yönünden; 1, 4, 6 ve 9 no’ lu hatlarda ise yağ oranı yönünden standart ortalamalarının üzerinde değerler belirlenmiştir. Verim, bin tane ağırlığı, rutubet oranı, protein ve yağ oranları açısından incelendiğinde çeşitler arasındaki fark istatistiki olarak P &amp;lt;0.01 seviyesinde önemli bulunmuştur. Varyans analizi sonuçlarına göre soya hat ve çeşitlerinin bin tane ağırlığı ve rutubet miktarı üzerinde ‘yıl x çeşit’ atraksiyonunun önemsiz olduğu; yağ ve protein oranlarının ise istatistiki olarak P &amp;lt;0.01 seviyesinde önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda bazı genotiplerin verim ve kalite özellikleri yönünden Konya koşullarında bazı standart çeşitlerden daha üstün performans sergiledikleri belirlenmiştir.

Plant genetic resources in India: management and utilization.

Plant genetic resources (PGR) are the foundation of agriculture as well as food and nutritional security. The ICAR-NBPGR is the nodal institution at national level for management of PGR in India under the umbrella of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi. India being one of the gene-rich countries faces a unique challenge of protecting its natural heritage while evolving mutually beneficial strategies for germplasm exchange with other countries. The Bureaus activities include PGR exploration, collection, exchange, characterization, evaluation, conservation and documentation. It also has the responsibility to carry out quarantine of all imported PGR including transgenics meant for research purposes. The multifarious activities are carried out from ICAR-NBPGR headquarters and its 10 regional stations located in different agro-climatic zones of India. It has linkages with international organizations of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and national crop-based institutes to accomplish its mandated activities. NBPGR collects and acquires germplasm from various sources, conserves it in the Genebank, characterizes and evaluates it for different traits and provides ready material for breeders to develop varieties for farmers. ICAR-NBPGR encompasses the National Genebank Network and at present, the National Genebank conserves more than 0.40 million accessions. NBPGR works in service-mode for effective utilization of PGR in crop improvement programmes which depends mainly on its systematic characterization and evaluation, and identification of potentially useful germplasm. NBPGR is responsible for identifying trait-specific pre-adapted climate resilient genotypes, promising material with disease resistance and quality traits which the breeders use for various crop improvement programmes. The system has contributed immensely towards safeguarding the indigenous and introducing useful exotic PGR for enhancing the agricultural production. Presently, our focus is on characterization of ex situ conserved germplasm and detailed evaluation of prioritized crops for enhanced utilization; assessment of impact of on-farm conservation practices on genetic diversity; genome-wide association mapping for identification of novel genes and alleles for enhanced utilization of PGR; identification and deployment of germplasm/landraces using climate analog data; validation of trait-specific introduced germplasm for enhanced utilization. Key words: plant genetic resources; gene banks; wild relatives; biotic and abiotic stresses; marker-assisted selection.

Physiological, Morphological, Phenological and Yield Evaluation of Durum Wheat Lines Under Rainfed Conditions

Food products of durum wheat play an important role in the world trade because it can be grown only in certain and limited regions of the world. The study aimed to assess some agronomic characteristics of 120 advanced durum wheat lines obtained from CIMMYT (The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center), ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas), APUTAEM (GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center) and five control varieties (Artuklu, Eyyubi, Güneyyıldızı, Şahinbey and Zenit). Field trial was carried out in the experimental field of GAP International Agricultural Research Institute at Diyarbakır, Turkey, in 2015 – 2016 growing season. Experiment was conducted via augmented experimental design consisting of six blocks which has twenty five plots with five controls. The examined traits was traits was divided into groups at physiological (canopy temperature, flag leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area index at anthesis, grain filling duration and grain filling rate), phenological (plant emergence time, heading time, anthesis time and physiological maturity time), morphological (leaf glaucusness, leaf erectness, plant height and spike length) and yield – forming parameters (spike number, spikelet number, grain number, spike grain weight and grain yield). There was statistically significant difference between genotypes in all traits except canopy temperature. Correlation analysis showed a positive and significant correlation between yield and spike grain weight. As a result of the research, it was determined that 13 lines (5, 16, 18, 3, 34, 41, 42, 50, 52, 85, 92, 94 and 114) showing superior features than control cultivar in terms of different characteristics was selected and transferred to the advanced stages of breeding studies. Keywords: Durum wheat, Yield, Augmented design, Diyarbakir DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/6-04-05

VALIDACIÓN EMPÍRICA DE LA TEORÍA MULTICÉNTRICA DEL ORIGEN Y DIVERSIDAD DEL MAÍZ EN MÉXICO

Mesoamerica is considered as the center of origin and diversity of maize (Zea mays L.). The multicentric theory on the origin and diversity of maize defines five centers of origin-domestication, from which four macro regions or primary centers of diversification of this cereal were conformed, from which the different races and the concentration of diversity emerged. A center of genetic diversity is defined as the geographical area where there is morphological, genetic diversity, or both, for a certain species, characterized by harboring populations of wild relatives and constituting a genetic reserve. The objective of this study was to empirically validate the geographic regions of Mexico that conform to the definition of a center of genetic diversity for maize. Spatial analysis was used to examine the diversity and distribution of 24,126 accessions of native maize and 1,106 records of wild relatives (Teosinte: 692 and Tripsacum: 414) collected during the period 1926 2014, available at germplasm banks and herbaria of national and international agricultural research and education institutions located in Mexico and, through the use of geographic information systems and modeling. In accordance with the criteria and definitions considered in the multicentric theory on maize origin and diversity, 19 geographic regions were empirically defined and validated to be considered as centers of genetic diversity of maize native to Mexico.

Hasak Koyunlarında Broncho-Pulmonar Segmentasyon Üzerine Makroanatomik Bir Çalışma

Araştırmada Konya Bahri Dağdaş Uluslararası Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, Deney Hayvanları Ünitesi Biriminden temin edilen ortalama 43-62 kg ağırlığında 10 adet Hasak koyun akciğeri kullanıldı. Materyallere korozyon kast metodu uygulandı. Korozyon kast uygulanan materyaller bir gece suda bekletildikten sonra 24 saat süre ile de %20‘lik KOH solüsyonu içerisinde 37°C‘de etüvde bekletilerek kastları elde edildi. Kastları çıkarılan ve diseke edilen akciğerler fotoğraflanarak çalışmada sunuldu. Akciğerlerin cavum thoracis içinde pleura visceralis (pleura pulmonalis) ile sarılmış olarak bulundu. Hasak koyununda sağ akciğerin lobus cranialis (pars cranialis ve pars caudalis), lobus medius, lobus caudalis, lobus accessorius olmak üzere 5 loptan, sol akciğerin ise lobus cranialis (pars cranialis ve pars caudalis), lobus caudalis olmak üzere 3 loptan oluştuğu tespit edildi. Bu lopları şekillendiren bronchus‘larında trachea‘nın bifurcatio trachea‘ya ayrılmadan ortalama 48,53 mm önce sağ yüzünün lateralinden bronchus lobaris cranialis dexter‘i (bronchus trachealis) verdiği ve daha sonra bronchus pirincipalis dexter ve sinister‘e ayrıldığı belirlendi. Yapılan çalışmada Hasak koyunlarının broncho-pulmonar segmentasyon‘unun anatomik özellikleri ve diğer türler ile benzerlik ve farklılıkları ortaya konmuştur.

Performative technologies: agricultural research for development and gender

ABSTRACT The article draws on insights from feminist literature, science and technology studies (STS) and governmentality studies to explore how technologies introduced through agricultural research for development (ar4d) participate in performing gender. Drawing on gender audits of two international agricultural research institutions, we discuss the performativity of three types of technologies: material technologies intended to increase agricultural productivity, such as new seed varieties; social technologies, such as household surveys and evaluation techniques used to monitor projects; and political technologies, such as participation, deployed to enlist farmers in the adoption of productivity-enhancing material technologies. We show that all three technologies participate in performing gender as they are introduced into rural environments, sometimes in interaction with an “apparatus of gender” that emerges from gender mainstreaming. But performances are not uniform, producing both an iron cage of hierarchical gender dualism, but also enactments that exceed the vision of the apparatus, blur binaries and diffract the realities they project in unanticipated directions.

Yağmura Dayalı İklim Koşullarında Tane Verimi ve Bazı Kalite Özellikleri İçin Arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) Hatlarının Seçimi

This research was&#x0D; conducted to select barley lines with high grain yield and quality traits,&#x0D; adaptable to dryland environments by evaluating grain yield and quality traits&#x0D; of some barley lines in Konya Province of Turkey. In this study, 19 advanced&#x0D; lines which were improved in barley breeding program in Bahri Dagdas&#x0D; International Agricultural Research Institute (BDIARI) and 5 standard varieties&#x0D; (Karatay 94, Tarm 92, Ince 04, Tokak 157/37 and Larende) were used. The trials&#x0D; were setup in randomized complete block design with 3 replicates during growing&#x0D; season in 2011-12 and 2012-13. During the study, the grain yield (GY), thousand&#x0D; kernel weight (TKW), kernel size (KS), test weight (TW), crude protein content&#x0D; (CP), and crude fiber content (CF) of barley lines were determined. The&#x0D; differences among the genotypes were found statistically significant with&#x0D; respect to the studied traits. According to the results obtained for both&#x0D; years, the GYs of barley lines ranged between 3.18 and 4.33 t ha-1.&#x0D; The highest GY was obtained from advanced line 17. Karatay 94 had the highest&#x0D; yield with 4.05 t ha-1 among control cultivars. The values ranged in&#x0D; genotypes between 33.7-43.2 g in TKWs, 57.2-86.6 % in KSs, 58.5-65.0 kg hl-1&#x0D; in TWs, 10.91-12.65 % in CP, and 6.11-7.36 % in CF. To conclude 4, 14 and 17&#x0D; numbered lines were promising with higher GYs and better-quality properties in&#x0D; the rainfed conditions. Therefore, these lines were selected as new cultivar&#x0D; candidates for use by dry farming farmers and to use as parent in the development&#x0D; of new varieties by barley breeders.&#x0D; &#x0D; &amp;nbsp;